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General-population research on child development in low- and middle-income countries is needed to explore and contextualize caregiver factors. This study evaluates caregiver parenting stress and child social-emotional and motor development among preschool-aged children (42–72 months) among 1222 caregiver-child pairs in São Paulo, Brazil. We investigated associations between parenting stress and child social-emotional development (measured via the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional, Second Edition [ASQ:SE-2]) and motor development (measured via the Motor Development Scale [MDS]), examining potential effect modification of these relationships by parenting social support. Data were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression with inverse probability weights to account for sampling design. Higher parenting stress was associated with delayed child development, indicated by a positive relationship with ASQ:SE-2 scores (higher scores indicating delayed social-emotional development), and a negative relationship with MDS scores (lower scores indicating delayed motor development). Caregiver social support acted as an effect modifier on the relationship between parenting stress and social-emotional development, strengthening the deleterious effect of parenting stress among caregivers with low social support. These results provide insight regarding modifiable caregiver-level factors that may be leveraged to improve child social-emotional development. Future research is needed to elucidate causal mechanisms and clarify relationships between caregiver factors and child motor development. Highlights: There is a paucity of data on how caregiver factors may shape child development in settings beyond Europe and North America. We used data from a population-based study in urban Brazil to explore relationships between caregiver parenting stress and child development. Secondarily, we tested whether caregiver social support acted as an effect modifier in these relationships. Parenting stress was associated with delays in both social-emotional and motor development. These findings contribute to the evidence base and point to the need for further, longitudinal research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SMAD Revista Electronica Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20) is a validated multidimensional instrument that has been used in Brazil to evaluate functional disability in frail older adults. The main aim of this study was to assess frailty using this novel screening tool. In addition, to investigate whether frailty was associated with cognitive impairment and functional disability in older adults with affective disorders. Methods: Participants included were over 60 years old, with affective disorders (depressive or anxiety disorders), from two specialized outpatient clinics. The sample was comprised of 46 patients (30% of a total from 153). The following instruments were applied: Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); Verbal Fluency Test (VFT); Pfeffer Questionnaire or Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ); Katz Index; Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15); Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and IVCF-20 as well as sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires. The association between the variables of interest was estimated using Spearman correlation. Results: This study found a negative correlation between frailty and cognitive decline (MMSE; rs = 0.58; p < 0.001); (VFT; rs = 0.60; p < 0.001); (CDT; rs = -0.47; p = 0.001) and a positive correlation between frailty and depressive symptoms (GDS-15; rs = 0.34; p = 0.019) as well as disability for IADLs (FAQ; rs = 0.69; p < 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in the association between frailty and anxiety symptoms (GAI; rs = 0.24; p = 0.103) or disability for BADLs (Katz; rs = -0.02; p = 0.895). Discussion: Our data support that the associations between frailty, cognitive and functional disability are prevalent issues in Psychogeriatrics. Assessing frailty in a multidimensional context is essential using a rapid assessment frailty tool in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SMAD Revista Electronica Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The numerous transformations that occur during adolescence render this phase more susceptible to mental health issues, and it is therefore important to conduct studies assessing interventions aimed at promoting mental health among this population. Aim: To evaluate the effects of integrative community therapy (ICT) on the mental health of adolescents. Method: This is a quasi‐experimental pre‐ and post‐test study with a quantitative approach. The participants were 127 adolescents aged 12–17 years, attending a public school in the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, who completed a participant characterisation questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Ten ICT sessions were conducted for each group, with an average participation of 12 adolescents per group. The recommended guidelines of the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence were used for the presentation of this study. Results: In the pre‐intervention assessment, 70.1% of the adolescents presented a positive screening for mental health alteration. Females were more likely to present as borderline or abnormal based on the total SDQ score, and were more likely to report emotional and relationship issues with peers. It was evidenced that the ICT sessions contributed to a reduction in alterations in adolescent mental health in the domains of hyperactivity, emotional issues, conduct issues, relationship issues, and the total SDQ score. Conclusion: Integrative community therapy was an effective intervention for reducing mental health alterations in adolescents. Worthy of note is the role of healthcare and education professionals in the promotion of adolescent health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are several negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people presenting internet addiction, including development of mood disorders, such as depression. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between internet addiction and depressive symptoms, as well as to test the mediating role of physical activity in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from three universities (one private and two public institutions) in southern Brazil. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21), internet addiction with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20), and physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Poisson regression and the Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method were used for statistical analyses. Results: We observed a dose-response relationship between internet addiction and depressive symptoms. Levels of physical activity mediated the association between moderate internet addiction and depressive symptoms, accounting for 10.7% of the effect observed. Conclusion: Internet addiction can be detrimental to individuals' health, contributing to development of depressive symptoms. Along with psychological and pharmacological therapies, prescription of physical activities is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Determine the prevalence of possible bruxism in the adult population of Campinas, Brazil, and investigate its association with health behaviors, health status, and multimorbidity. Methods: A population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted with data from the 2014/2015 Campinas Health Survey. The sample was composed of 1986 adults (≥20 years of age). The data were collected with the aid of a pre‐coded questionnaire, and the dependent variable was self‐reported bruxism (possible bruxism). The prevalence of possible bruxism was estimated according to the independent variables (health‐related behaviors, morbidities, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics). A hierarchical model was employed using stepwise backward regression in two stages. Principal component analysis was also performed to identify multimorbidity patterns. Results: The prevalence of possible bruxism was 13.6%. Associations were found with the consumption of alcoholic beverages, sleep quality, and the number of chronic diseases/health problems. Bruxism was more associated with multimorbidity pattern 2, which was composed of asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, dizziness/vertigo, migraine/headache, emotional/mental problem, back pain, and allergy. Conclusion: The present findings justify the planning of actions directed at reducing the consumption of alcoholic beverages and can help guide the health actions of the multidisciplinary team, prioritizing a reduction in the harm caused by the simultaneous presence of health problems associated with possible bruxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Minas Gerais Medical Journal / Revista Médica de Minas Gerais is the property of Associacao Medica de Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In high-income countries, links between harsh and abusive parenting and child conduct and emotional problems are well-documented. However, less is known about these relationships in low- and middle-income countries, where harsh parenting may be more widely accepted and higher rates of conduct or emotional problems may exist which could influence the strength of these associations. We sought to investigate these relationships in a large population-based, prospective longitudinal study from Brazil, which also allowed us to test for sex differences. Using data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (N = 4231) at ages 6 and 11 years, we applied cross-lagged path analysis to examine the relationships between harsh parenting (Conflict Tactics Scale Parent–Child version), and child conduct and emotional problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). We found reciprocal relationships between harsh parenting and child conduct problems, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child conduct problems at age 11, and vice versa, even after adjusting for initial levels of conduct problems and harsh parenting, respectively. For child emotional problems, only unidirectional effects were found, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child emotional problems at age 11, after adjusting for initial levels of emotional problems, but not vice versa. No significant sex differences were observed in these relationships. These observations based on a middle-income country birth cohort highlight the potential universality of detrimental effects of harsh parenting on child conduct and emotional problems and affirm the importance of addressing parent- and child-effects in preventive and treatment interventions, especially those targeting conduct problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emotional blunting—inability to feel positive or negative emotions, detachment, or reduced emotional responsiveness—is common in people with depression. However, there is a paucity of studies comprehensively investigating this symptom and its functional impact. This study investigated the experience of emotional blunting, and its impact on overall functioning and quality of life, in the acute and remission phases of depression from the perspective of patients and healthcare providers. This paper presents data on the clinical presentation of emotional blunting in depression from the patient perspective. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study conducted in Brazil, Canada, and Spain between April 15 and May 18, 2021. Data were collected via a self-completed online survey. Respondents were adults with depression (acute or remission phase), who were currently using a prescribed antidepressant, and who reported emotional blunting during the past 6 weeks. Emotional blunting was assessed using the Oxford Depression Questionnaire (ODQ; total score range 26–130, higher scores indicate greater emotional blunting). Results: In all, 752 patients completed the survey (62% female; mean age, 45 years). Overall, 44% of patients rated their emotional blunting as extremely severe (acute phase [n = 300], 72%; remission phase [n = 452], 25%; difference, p < 0.01). In all, 56% of patients considered their emotional blunting to be caused by their depression (acute phase, 62%; remission phase, 52%). Mean ODQ total score was 94.8 for patients in the acute phase of depression and 85.7 for those in remission (difference, p < 0.01). Mean score for the ODQ 'antidepressant as cause' domain (maximum possible score, 30) was 18.0 in patients in the acute phase and 17.6 in those in remission. Overall, 45% of patients believed that their antidepressant medication was blunting their emotions and 39% were considering stopping or had already stopped their antidepressant because of perceived emotion-related side effects. Conclusions: Almost three-quarters of patients in the acute phase of depression and one-quarter of those in remission reported severe emotional blunting. Approximately 56% of patients considered their emotional blunting to be caused by their depression, while 45% believed that their antidepressant medication was negatively affecting their emotions. Just over one-third of patients were considering stopping or had stopped their antidepressant as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problematic use of video games is linked to mental health and behavioral problems among adolescents. World reported averages for problematic use range from 1.3% to 19.3%. This is the first study to investigate these problems among Brazilian adolescents. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of the non-problematic and problematic use of video games among Brazilian adolescents, and to assess mental health and behavioral problems associated with both types of use. This study used the baseline data of a cluster randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of the school-based program #Tamojunto2.0. The sample included 3,939 eighth-grade students who answered an anonymous self-report questionnaire. Video game use was investigated through a question, and problematic use was assessed using a scale. Weighted logistic regressions were used to investigate the associated factors. The results show that 85.85% of the children reported playing video games in the past year, 28.17% fulfilled our criteria for problematic use. Non-problematic video game use is associated with being male, younger ages, and bullying perpetration. Problematic video game use is associated with being male, tobacco and alcohol use, bullying perpetrators, and bullying victims, with abnormal levels of hyperactivity/inattention, social behavior problems, conduct problems, peer relationship problems, and emotional symptoms. Brazilian adolescents' self-reported use of video games is compatible with the world average, but the percentage of those who showed problematic use is higher than the world average. This study demonstrates the need for investigating how to prevent and intervene in this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Three weeks after WHO's declaration, almost 900,000 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, with more than 43,000 deaths worldwide. Containment measures were recommended, such as social distancing and hand hygiene. Although they are known to be helpful to slow down the spread of the COVID-19, the efficiency of these measures depends on people's adherence. We explore whether personality traits account for variations in the commitment to the COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 814 Brazilian adults who answered a questionnaire about adherence to COVID-19 containment measures (COVID-19 questionnaire), factors of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and the affective resonance factor of the Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy (ACME). We conducted a network analysis. All connections observed in the network analysis were significant (p <.05). Empathy was the personality trait to present more connections to the COVID-19 questionnaire variables. The strongest positive connection was observed for emotional lability (PID-5) and the tendency to be concern about others getting the COVID-19 (COVID-19 questionnaire). Our findings indicated that empathy and emotional lability might be key traits directly associated with the propensity to adhere to the COVID-19 containment measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of early trauma in individuals with onset of schizophrenia (SZ) at early (≤ 18 years) and adult (> 18 years) ages (EOP and AOP, respectively) and explore relationships between the onset of disease and clinical variables including traumatic events and psychotic and mood symptoms. Methods: Subjects with SZ (n = 71) and EOP and AOP were compared for history of psychological trauma, sexual abuse, and physical punishment using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report - Short Form (ETISR-SF). They were also compared for history of comorbidities and affective disorders using the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Coefficients were calculated for correlations between scale results and disease duration. Results: Early trauma was significantly associated with an early onset psychotic episode (r = -0.315, p < 0.01). General trauma and depressive symptoms in adulthood were also associated (r = 0.442, p < 0.01), as were social anxiety symptoms and early trauma (r = 0.319, p < 0.01). Total ETISR-SF scores and the physical abuse item were significantly higher in EOP than in AOP. In the hierarchical regression, PANSS scores were best predicted by a model including the duration of disease and age of first psychotic episode (R = 0.303). Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that early trauma, including physical abuse, may play a relevant role in schizophrenia symptoms, such as an earlier psychotic occurrence, as well as features of other psychiatric disorders, such as greater severity of social anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: The early identification of developmental delay in adolescents by health professionals is relevant for a good prognosis. However, the clinical indicators of development delay are unclear in nursing science. PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical indicators of delayed development in school adolescents. METHODS: A diagnostic accuracy study that investigated delayed development among 385 adolescents in public schools between July and September of 2017. The accuracy measures were analyzed using a latent class analysis based on sensitivity and specificity values. FINDINGS: The delayed development is present in 18.26% of school adolescents. The best accuracy values were as follows: low self‐esteem (0.9838), dissatisfaction with own image (0.8400), impaired daily activities (0.9815), internalization behavior (0.8304), outsourcing behavior (0.6367), eating disorders (1.0000), emotional insecurity (0.7093), dependent behavior (0.9836), and altered sexual maturation (0.6085). CONCLUSION: Thus, this set of nine clinical indicators can be used by nurse practitioners to confirm delayed development in school adolescents. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This research contributes by providing accurate clinical indicators of delayed development in adolescents. Thus, nurses should recognize delayed development in adolescents through accurate clinical indicators and propose nursing interventions that have positive health results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with intellectual development disorder (IDD) have high rates of comorbid neuropsychological and behavioural problems. However, there are not many studies on this population in middle‐income and low‐income countries. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of neuropsychological and behavioural problems in students with and without IDD and to assess the correlation between the responses from informants (parents and teachers) and the clinical diagnoses in Brazil. Methods: After clinical diagnosis, 78 male and female students (7–15 years old) were divided into two groups: children with IDD (n = 39) and children without IDD (n = 39). The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF) scales were used to track neuropsychological and behavioural problems. Calculations of prevalence ratios were performed using Poisson regression with Wald tests. The CBCL and TRF results were compared between groups with Mann–Whitney U‐tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The agreement between scales was assessed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: Neuropsychological and behavioural problems were significantly more prevalent in students with IDD. The average amount of CBCL problems was significantly higher than that of TRF in the dimensions of thought, attention, somatic, attention deficit/hyperactivity, opposition defiant and total problems. Low‐to‐moderate correlations between CBCL and TRF dimensions in the IDD group were observed. ROC analyses revealed that the dimensions of internalising problems and total scores reflecting CBCL and TRF problems were the most important factors for identifying neuropsychological and behavioural problems in the IDD group. Conclusions: Students with IDD require early identification of behavioural and emotional symptoms to avoid the underdiagnoses of various mental health problems, especially those with internalising characteristics. The CBCL and TRF may assist in the early screening of these comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide associated with severe psychiatric illnesses is considered the leading cause of maternal deaths. We aimed to assess the suicide risk in women who experienced depressive or mixed episodes of mood change during the postpartum period and to determine which disorder is more related to suicide risk in the same period. We conducted a longitudinal study with 706 women whose children were born from April 2007 to May 2008 in a southern city in Brazil, and received prenatal care by the Brazilian National System of Public Health. The first assessment occurred during the prenatal period and the second within 30 to 60 days postpartum. The incidence of suicide risk was 10.9%. The odds of postpartum suicide risk were 6.50 (95% CI: 2.73; 15.48) higher in mothers with postpartum depression and 41.50 (95% CI: 12.11; 142.16) higher in those with mixed episodes than those who did not suffer from any mood disorder. Women with chronic episodes (who had depressive or mixed episodes during pregnancy and postpartum) were at increased odds of 4.94 (95% CI: 1.46; 16.69) of a postpartum suicide risk. The postpartum seems to be a critical period in the women's mental health. The impact of mental disorders in this period, especially mixed episodes, can increase the odds of a suicide risk onset. A good psychiatric evaluation and support during the prenatal and postpartum care may prevent the subsequent risk of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is the most common mental illness, achieving more than 264 million people worldwide. Although diet quality may be associated with depression symptoms, this relationship has not been deeply investigated among Brazilians. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate this relationship.Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study with representative individuals aged 18 years or over living in an urban area. Individuals were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to screen for major depressive episodes, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to evaluate diet. We used a hierarchical model to conduct the analyses and calculated prevalence ratio using Poisson regression.Results: A total of 820 subjects were assessed, with mean age of 54.8 (±17.4) years. Prevalence of major depressive episodes was 29.2%. After final adjustment, diet quality remained directly associated with depression (p = 0.024). Individuals with the worst diet quality were 39% more likely to have major depressive episodes when compared to those who had the best diet quality. Depression was also associated with consumption of soda or artificial juice and are food markers of unhealthy diets.Limitations: The cross-sectional design does not establish whether the associations are causal, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is a screening scale - not a diagnostic tool; however, it is easy, quick to apply, and is widely used in epidemiological studies.Conclusion: The results provide important evidence about the role of diets on that mood disorder, which contributes to management approaches to depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess a large set of metadata made public by the Brazilian Ministry of Health on older subjects who visited outpatient mental health services in Brazil from 2008 to 2012. Methods: We extracted data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Information Technology Department (Departamento de Informá tica do Sistema Ú nico de Saúde, DATASUS), then calculated rates of visits per population in each of the five regions of Brazil, using census data for each year. Finally, logistic regressions were performed with depressive disorders or dementias as dependent variables, controlled by age and year of visit, stratified by region. Results: Mood disorders were the leading reason for visits to outpatient mental health services by older adults, followed by delusional disorders. The calculated rates were lower than the known prevalence of depressive disorders and dementias, but the regressions revealed typical patterns. Males were less likely to present with a depressive disorder, while older subjects were more likely to present with depression and dementia. Conclusions: Publicly available data from DATASUS may not enable inferences about the prevalence of mental disorders in elders, but inferential analyses match what is known about these conditions. This approach is supplemental to other more common ones and is of special importance for policymakers and health system managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the serum levels of renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) components between patients with migraine and healthy controls, and to evaluate whether these levels are associated with migraine severity. We hypothesized that migraine would be associated with the activation of the inflammatory arm of the RAS, possibly leading to increased levels of angiotensin (Ang) II. Background: Recent studies have proposed the use of drugs that interfere with RAS, a hormonal system primarily implicated in blood pressure regulation, as a prophylactic strategy for migraine. However, no previous studies have directly assessed RAS components in migraine. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study involving 30 patients with episodic migraine who were in the interictal period and 20 healthy controls. This study was conducted at Hospital das Clínicas (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) outpatient clinic. Headache severity was evaluated using the Headache Impact Test, version 6 (HIT‐6) and the Migraine Disability Test (MIDAS) questionnaires. Given that migraine is comorbid with mood disorders, depressive and anxious symptoms were evaluated using the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (BDI and BAI), respectively. Clinical and demographic data were also collected. Serum levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, Ang II, and Ang (1‐7) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Patients with migraine and controls were comparable in age, body mass index, blood pressure, and depressive and anxious symptoms. Patients with migraine showed lower levels of ACE [85.2 (66.8, 101.2) vs 65.5 (54.2, 77.5); P =.005] and lower ACE/ACE2 ratio [4.3 (3.4, 5.2) vs 3.5 (2.9, 4.1); P =.032] than controls. Conversely, patients with migraine had higher levels of Ang II [309.7 ± 147.4 vs 605.4 ± 200.4; difference: −287.1 (95% CI: −391.4‐−182.8), P <.001] and Ang (1‐7) [214.4 ± 155.8 vs 397.9 ± 217.9; difference: −184.6 (95% CI: −296.7‐−72.6), P =.001] than controls. There were no correlations between RAS serum markers and migraine severity scores (HIT and MIDAS) or depressive and anxious symptoms (BDI and BAI) (P >.05). Conclusions: Altogether, our results suggest the participation of RAS in migraine pathophysiology, but not in its severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic smartphone use in adolescent students can impair their mental health and behavior, thereby affecting academic performance and interpersonal relationships as well as reducing time spent on physical activity. This study investigated the association between problematic smartphone use and mood, symptoms of depression, and level of physical activity in adolescent students. The sample consisted of 308 boys (46.1 percent, 16.04 ± 1.30 years) and 359 girls (53.9 percent, 15.54 ± 1.44 years), aged 13–18 years (15.77 ± 1.40 years). Four instruments were used: the Sociodemographic, School, and General Health Characteristics Questionnaire; Smartphone Addiction Scale (to measure problematic smartphone use); Brunel Mood Scale; and Beck Depression Inventory. The study found that physically inactive adolescent students were more likely to present with problematic smartphone use than those who were physically active, and girls were more likely to exhibit problematic smartphone use than boys. Adolescent students with problematic smartphone use presented with more mood disturbances and symptoms of depression than did adolescent students without problematic smartphone use. Overall, physical inactivity and problematic smartphone use can reduce vigor and increase symptoms of depression in adolescent students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the perspectives of satisfaction of patients affected by bipolar affective disorder, their families and health professionals. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 80 individuals from a Psychosocial Care Center III in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais. Interviews were conducted using the Satisfaction Rating Scales with Mental Health Services. Results: Satisfaction rates were higher among patients, especially in the domain Welcoming and help received at the service [score 4.66; n = 30 (83.3%)]. Among family members, the highest satisfaction rate was in the treatment results domain [score 4.66; n = 27 (79.4%)]. The highlight of the professionals was dissatisfaction, referring to the domain Working conditions [score 2.85; n = 7 (70%)]. Conclusion: It was found that patients are satisfied with the service and their satisfaction prospects are the highest, followed by family members and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cross-sectional synergic relationship among social anxiety, poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms and body fatness.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 1,242 adolescents from a north-eastern district in Brazil. It was used the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents for symptoms of social anxiety, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality and the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for depressive symptoms. Body fatness was the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate associations among these comorbidities.Results: Social anxiety was directly and positively associated with depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality and body fatness (β = 0.316 standard deviations [SD]; β = 0.299 SD; β = 0.072 SD, respectively). Moreover, social anxiety was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms via poor sleep quality (β = 0.113 SD). Poor sleep quality was directly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.377 SD). We did not observe a significant relationship of poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms with body fatness.Limitations: This is a cross-sectional study; therefore, we cannot infer causality in the interpretation of the findings.Conclusions: Social anxiety seemed to play pivotal role in adolescents' health, since it was associated with poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms and body fatness. Interventions targeting sleep quality, depressive symptoms and body fatness in adolescents should designate relevant effort addressing social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationally, the most widely used self-report instrument to assess alexithymia (a clinical condition characterized by serious deficits in the cognitive processing of emotions) is the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Because this measure has been poorly investigated in Brazil and emerging research suggests that TAS-20 scores might vary from one culture to another, we sought to: (1) investigate the psychometric properties of a Brazilian TAS-20; and (2) examine the degree to which Brazilian non-clinical TAS-20 scores differ from the scores of non-clinical samples from other cultures. A sample of 850 non-clinical Brazilian adults were administered a number of questionnaires and performance-based measures via online data collection. Data analyses inspected internal consistency and factor structure of the TAS-20, and tested the association of TAS-20 scores to emotional functioning and psychopathology. In line with previous international research, the Brazilian TAS-20 showed acceptable to adequate psychometric properties. Furthermore, TAS-20 scores associated negatively with empathy and emotional perception, and positively with emotion dysregulation and personality traits like dependency, abrupt changes in mood, and avoidance of criticism. Also noteworthy, our non-clinical Brazilian TAS-20 scores were very similar to those observed in other previously published non-clinical TAS-20 scores from seven non-Brazilian cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies have investigated the existence of discrete groups comprising the clinical concept of depression. Nevertheless, identifying true latent depression groups might require the inclusion of indicators of severe manifestations of depression, such as suicidal thoughts, in the analysis. Another issue is that relatively few studies have addressed the latent structure of depression in children and adolescents from Latin American cultures.Methods: In the present study, we combined latent profile and taxometric analysis to investigate the latent structure underlying depression symptoms (negative emotionality and low positive emotionality indicators) and suicidal thoughts in four aggregated Brazilian youth samples (total N = 2587; mean age = 12.86 years; SD = 2.60; 50.8% females).Results: Latent profile analysis indicated five classes that clearly represented distinct levels on a continuum of depression. However, taxometric results were ambiguous with regard to highlighting depression as a purely dimensional or categorical latent entity (mean CCFI = 0.497).Limitations: The use of few indicators from a single instrument, the potential heterogeneity in the clinical group, and the non-random nature of the samples included in the study.Conclusion: The mixed findings support the existence of a dimension of depression, as well as latent classes of individuals. Factor mixture models are discussed as a strategy for further exploring the nature of depression among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While under-use of mental health services by adults with anxiety and/or depression is well established, use in a violence-prone area, and as a function of diagnosis and personality characteristics such resilience, is little known. We examine the sociodemographic and personality characteristics (specifically resilience), associated with use of mental health services in a violence-prone city by those with anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity.Methods: The structured Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify 12-month DSM-IV- and ICD-10-defined anxiety and depression in a cross-sectional, representative, community-resident sample age 15-75y (N = 2536) in São Paulo, Brazil, and their use of mental health services. Resilience was determined by the Wagnild and Young scale. Analyses, using weighted, design-corrected statistical tests, included frequency measures and multivariable logistic regression.Results: Mental health services were used by 10% with only anxiety, 22% with only depression, and 34% with comorbidity, with odds of use in controlled analyses doubling from anxiety to depression to comorbidity. Use was significantly higher among those who were white, older (age >30 years, with substantial social support, low resilience, living in low homicide rate areas; use was not affected by experience of traumatic events. Psychiatrists, general practitioners, and psychologists were the primary providers.Limitations: Cross-sectional design CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to expectation, use was greater among residents of lower homicide areas, and was not associated with personal traumatic experience. This may reflect increased immunity to violence in higher homicidal rate areas, lower resilience, and poorer access to services. Increased access to mental health services is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study describes the effects of common health conditions associated with absenteeism and presenteeism in a population-based sample of workers in Brazil. Methods: Data were analyzed from the cross-sectional Sao Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey on 1737 employed residents aged more than IS years old conducted from 2005 to 2007. Results: Physical diseases and mental disorders are highly prevalent among Brazilian workers. The prevalence of absenteeism was 12.8%, and the prevalence of presenteeism was 14.3%. The condition most commonly associated with work impairment was mood disorder. Conclusions: Improving access to care and increasing detection and management of mental disorders should be a priority in Brazil. Occupational health programs and services can play a key role in increasing the productivity of the Brazilian workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to test if the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5) is an adequate instrument to evaluate psychiatric inpatients' pathological personality traits. Methods: Inpatients (n = 130; mean age: 38.5 years; 62.3% female; 63.9% single) answered the PID‐5 after clinical improvement of their psychiatric symptoms. The mean scores of the DSM‐5 personality domains, facets and profiles, and ICD‐11 domain traits were compared with the mean scores of a Brazilian normative sample (n = 656). We investigated the diagnostic performance of the scales to identify individuals with and without psychopathology. Results: The final sample included mainly diagnoses of mood disorders. Except for Antagonism and Disinhibition, all DSM‐5 personality domains and most facets as well as almost all DSM‐5 personality disorder profiles (except Narcissist) and ICD‐11 trait domains (except Detachment and Dissociality) of the inpatients presented high differences compared with the normative sample. In general, the PID‐5 scales presented a high negative predictive value and a low positive predictive value to identify individuals with severe psychopathology. Discussion: This study found high scores of pathological personality traits in a sample of Brazilian psychiatric inpatients. The PID‐5 may be a promising instrument to measure pathological personality traits among psychiatric inpatients. Methodological and sample size limitations may have influenced the results. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of emotional disorders among students in the health sector. Methods: This was a comprehensive, inferential, cross-sectional case control study, with random samples. The prevalence of emotional disorders was assessed in 426 students (male and female) who were enrolled in Physiotherapy and Nursing courses in the ASCES College of Caruaru-PE (Brazil). The median, standard deviation and probability distribution were used in the descriptive analysis. For the inferential statistics, the normality of distribution (Shapiro Wilks) and the homogeneity of variances (Bartlett) were determined, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests. Results: Among the students assessed, there was a predominance of young female individuals with significant levels of anxiety (55.3% - Physiotherapy and 64.3% - Nursing) and depression (56.56% Physiotherapy and 45.6% Nursing). We used the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) when correlating the courses to the periods and found a significance value of p=0.01 in the 5th semester and of p=0.016 in the 7th semester. The BDI recorded a significant difference of p=0.01 in the 9th semester, during which time the students in the Physiotherapy course had notably high scores. Conclusion: The results indicate the presence of emotional disorders among health students. Significant indices for anxiety and depression were recorded for both courses, although anxiety was more significant. These findings contribute to the debate about the mental health of students and the need to adopt preventive measures and to carry out interventions when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychiatric disorders in young adults in southern Brazil. Methods: This population based cross-sectional study involved a total of 1,023 young adults between the ages of 21 and 32 years. Current episodes of psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - Plus version. MetS was evaluated using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III). Results: Of the 1,023 participants, 24.3% were identified with MetS, 13.5% were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, 7.5% with current depression, 3.9% with bipolar disorders and 10.1% were at risk of suicide. MetS was associated with ethnicity (p = 0.022), excess weight (p < 0.001), current anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), current mood disorders (bipolar disorder in mood episode and current depression) (p < 0.001), and suicide risk (p < 0.001). Conclusions: MetS was associated with psychiatric disorders. Awareness of factors associated with MetS can help identify high-risk individuals and stimulate disease prevention and control programs, as well as lifestyle changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Family Health Care's field of  Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo, Brazil to identify the prevalence of substance-related disorders and mental distress among patients with mental disorders. We also aimed to identify sociodemographic and social support risk factors. The data collection was done using medical records, the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ-6), Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and home visits. Of the 272 families studied, 211 contained individuals with mental disorders, and 61 included individuals who had substance-related disorders, or both. The mental disorders recorded in these families were most frequently mood disorders, followed by neurotic disorders, stress-related disorders and somatoform disorders. Women received twice as many psychotropic prescriptions associated with non-psychiatric medication. A significant relationship was established between education and mental distress as measured using the SRQ-20 (p = 0.024). The SSQ-6 revealed a family presence of social support in all of the conditions established by the six questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the potential impact of taking care of a child with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS) on the mental health of parents. Specifically, three objectives were formulated: (a) to assess the level of mental health of the parents; (b) to examine the influence of subjective well-being and fatigue as predictors of parents’ mental health; and (c) to identify the impact of sociodemographic variables on parents’ mental health. Sixty-nine mothers (Mage = 26.38; SD = 6.23) and 17 fathers (Mage = 31.41; SD = 7.57) of children diagnosed with CZS took part in this study. They answered a questionnaire containing measures of positive and negative affects, life satisfaction, fatigue, mental health, as well as sociodemographic questions. The results indicated that approximately 7% of the participants had low levels of mental health and probable emotional disorder. In addition, higher levels of fatigue and negative affects and lower levels of life satisfaction significantly predict a lower level of mental health. Finally, comparative analysis showed significant differences between fathers and mothers: mothers reported experiencing fewer positive and more negative affects, a lower level of satisfaction with life, a higher level of fatigue and worse mental health. In summary, this article presents an overview of the mental health of mothers and fathers of children with CZS and points the way to devising strategies for psychological intervention that promote the adaptation of parents to this kind of developmental disability in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We assessed comorbid associations of 12-month DSM-IV mood/any anxiety disorders with chronic physical conditions within the São Paulo (SP) Megacity Mental Health cross-sectional survey of 5037 participants and explored whether strength of comorbid associations were modified when controlling for demographics.Methods: Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to examine comorbid associations of DSM-IV mood/anxiety disorders as measured by the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), and self-reported chronic physical conditions among adults from the SP Megacity Mental Health Survey.Results: Among those with any mood or anxiety disorder, chronic pain disorder was the most common physical condition (48.9% and 44.9%, respectively). Significant unadjusted odds ratios (OR) of comorbidity were found between diagnosis of two or more physical conditions and any mood disorders (3.08, 95% CI: 2.27-4.17), and any anxiety disorders (2.49, 95% CI: 1.95-3.17). Comorbidities remained significant when stratified by gender and controlling for marital status, household income, and education (latter two only included within anxiety models).Limitations: These results cannot be generalized to other cities or rural populations. Homeless and institutionalized populations were not surveyed. Due to cross-sectional study design, the direction of association between chronic disease/chronic disease risk factors and mood disorders is unclear.Conclusions: Dual burden of chronic physical conditions and mood/anxiety disorders is a notable problem among the São Paulo Megacity Survey population, with enhanced comorbidity experienced by community members with multiple physical conditions. Clinicians should consider these findings in understanding healthcare delivery for individuals suffering from both psychiatric disorders and chronic physical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Jealousy is a heterogenous emotion on a spectrum from normality to psychopathology. The relationship between different jealousy subtypes/dimensions and affective temperaments remain unknown. In addition, few large surveys have investigated the associations between jealousy subtypes and psychopathological dimensions.Methods: A Brazilian Portuguese version of the "Questionario della Gelosia" (QUEGE) was developed. We obtained data from an anonymous web-based research platform. Socio-demographic data was obtained and participants answered the QUEGE, the TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).Results: 2042 participants (29% men, 71% female, mean age+SD: 28.9±8.8 years), took part in this survey. Confirmatory factor analysis provided a five-factor model for the QUEGE with self-esteem, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, fear of being abandoned, and obsessive dimensions. The anxious, irritable, cyclothymic, and depressive temperaments were independently associated with jealousy dimensions, whereas the hyperthymic temperament was associated with lower scores on the self-esteem jealousy dimension (N=2042, P<0.001). Jealousy subtypes were dissimilarly associated with SCL-90R psychopathological dimensions, whereas the 'obsessive' jealousy dimension was not significantly associated with SCL-90R dimension scores. We found no independent influence of gender across any jealousy dimension.Limitations: A convenience web-based sample was employed. Cross-sectional design precludes the establishment of causal inferences.Conclusions: Our data indicate that a five-factor solution may provide the best-fit model for the QUEGE. Different jealousy subtypes were independently associated with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions. These associations reported herein should be confirmed in prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety and mood disorders have been shown to be the most relevant psychiatric comorbidities associated with migraine, influencing its clinical course, treatment response, and clinical outcomes. Limited information is available on how specific anxiety and depression symptoms are related to migraine. Symptoms-based approach, a current trend in mental health research, may improve our understanding in migraine comorbidity. The purpose of this study was to analyze how anxiety and depression aspects are related to migraine through a symptom-based approach. Methods: We studied 782 patients from the general population who completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics, headache features, anxiety and depression symptoms. A binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between all four ratings in GAD-7 (anxiety) and PHQ-9 (depression) scales subitems as covariates, and migraine vs no headache as the outcome. Results: The leading Odd Ratios (OR) observed in individuals with migraine relative to those without migraine were anxiety related, 'Not being able to stop or control worrying' on a daily basis [OR (CI 95%)] 49.2 (13.6-178.2), 'trouble relaxing' 25.7 (7.1-92.6), 'Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge' on a daily basis 25.4 (6.9-93.8), and 'worrying too much about different things' 24.4 (7.7-77.6). Although the hallmark symptoms of depression are emotional (hopelessness and sadness), the highest scores found were physical: apetite, fatigue, and poor sleep. Irritability had a significant increase in migraine risk [OR 3.8 (1.9-7.8) if experienced some days, 7.5 (2.7-20.7) more than half the days, and 22.0 (5.7-84.9) when experienced nearly every day]. Conclusions: Anxiety was more robustly associated with increase in migraine risk than depression. Lack of ability to properly control worrying and to relax are the most prominent issues in migraine psychiatric comorbidity. Physical symptoms in depression are more linked to migraine than emotional symptoms. A symptom-based approach helps clarifying migraine comorbidity and should be replicated in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies suggested that threat biases underlie familial risk for emotional disorders in children. However, major questions remain concerning the moderating role of the offspring gender and the type of parental emotional disorder on this association. This study addresses these questions in a large sample of boys and girls. Participants were 6-12 years old (at screening) typically developing children participating in the High Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders ( n = 1280; 606 girls, 674 boys). Children were stratified according to maternal emotional disorder (none; mood disorder; anxiety disorder; comorbid anxiety/mood disorder) and gender. Attention biases were assessed using a dot-probe paradigm with threat, happy and neutral faces. A significant gender-by-parental emotional disorder interaction predicted threat bias, independent of anxiety and depression symptoms in children. Daughters of mothers with an emotional disorder showed increased attention to threat compared with daughters of disorder-free mothers, irrespective of the type of maternal emotion disorder. In contrast, attention bias to threat in boys only occurred in mothers with a non-comorbid mood disorder. No group differences were found for biases for happy-face cues. Gender and type of maternal emotional disorder predict attention bias in disorder-free children. This highlights the need for longitudinal research to clarify whether this pattern of threat-attention bias in children relates to the risk of developing anxiety and mood disorders later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the frequency and symptoms for detecting minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) in undergraduate nursing students. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 149 undergraduate nursing students from a community university in the south of Brazil. Data were collected in 2015, by means of a self-administered instrument, containing sociodemographic, work-, habit- and health-related variables and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Results: the frequency of MPD in the undergraduates was 67.8%. The questions that were most frequently answered affirmatively were: feeling nervous, tense or worried (81.9%); frequently having headaches (68.5%); having poor sleep (58.4%); easily getting tired (61.7%); and having difficulty thinking clearly (51%). Conclusions: there was a predominance of somatic and depressive-anxious mood symptoms, which suggests the possibility that the undergraduates’ mental health was compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Depression during pregnancy in adolescents is increasing significantly. However, instruments for early depression screening during prenatal care are scarce. Faced this fact, the objective of this research is to identify the best cutoff points for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in a sample of pregnant adolescents. Method 807 pregnant adolescents, with a mean age of 17 years, met in public antenatal services were evaluated. Two screening scales for depression were analyzed, EPDS and the BDI. These scales had their accuracy measured by AUC of their ROC curve, as well as their respective sensitivity and specificity. Results In the analysis, the best cutoff for the EPDS was≥10, in which the sensitivity was 81.1% and specificity 82.7%. For the BDI, it was with recognized the cutoff ≥11, sensitivity 86.7% and specificity 73.8%. In the analysis of the ROC AUC, values of 0.89 (CI 0.87–0.92) for the EPDS and BDI for 0.87 (CI 0.84–0.89) were identified compared to the MINI. Limitations The sample was composed majority by middle and low income adolescent and the study was performed only with pregnant women in the second trimester. Conclusions The results indicate that both scales have good accuracy in screening of depression in adolescent mothers. However, the EPDS scale shows higher AUC ROC and also better sensitivity and specificity values, the latter being more precise and effective for screening for depression in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the profile of insured individuals that filed claims for sickness benefits and compare the results of the administrative and legal investigations. Method: This case series included 114 insured persons that filed lawsuits against the Brazilian National Institute of Social Security (Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social, INSS). They underwent psychiatric examinations required by the Brazilian Federal Social Security Special Court in Florianópolis from August to December 2010. Results: Mean age was 47 years, and participant age ranged from 24 to 64 years. Most insured individuals were women (79%), and most were employed (67.5%) and self-employed (26.5%) workers. Mean contribution time was 99.9 months, ranging from 8 to 352 months. Mean benefit duration was 20.4 months, ranging from 2 to 97 months. The most prevalent category of workers was service workers, store and supermarket salespeople (54.4%), followed by administrative workers (19.3%). Conclusions: Only 17 participants were found to be unable to work after benefit cessation, a 14.9% mismatch between administrative and legal investigations. The most frequent diagnoses were mood disorders (59.6%) and anxiety disorders (17.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the relationship between mood/anxiety disorders and migraine headaches emphasizing the frequency of episodes based in a cross-sectional analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Background It has been suggested that frequency of migraine headaches can be directly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders. Methods Migraine headaches ( International Headache Society criteria) was classified as <1×/month, 1×/month-1×/week, 2-6×/week, and daily. Psychiatric disorders using the Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised were classified in 6 categories: common mental ( CMD), major depressive ( MDD), generalized anxiety ( GAD), panic, obsessive-compulsive ( OCD), and mixed anxiety and depressive ( MADD) disorders. We performed multivariate logistic models adjusted for age, race, education, marital status, income, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Results In our sample, 1261 presented definite migraine and 10,531 without migraine headaches (reference). Our main result was an increase in the strength of association between migraine and MDD as frequency of migraine increased for all sample: odds ratio of 2.14 (95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.33-3.43) for <1 episode of migraine/month to 6.94 (95% CI 4.20-11.49) for daily headaches for all sample. Significant associations with migraine were also found for GAD, OCD, MADD, and CMD for total sample: MDD, GAD, OCD, MADD, and CMD for women, and MADD and CMD for men. Among men with daily migraine complaint, we found a significant association between migraine and OCD after correction for multiple comparisons (odds ratio 29.86 [95% CI 4.66-191.43]). Analyzing probable and definite migraine cases together, we replicated the findings in a lower magnitude. Conclusions The increase in migraine frequency was associated with progressively higher frequencies of having mood/anxiety disorders in all samples suggesting for some psychiatric disorders a likely dose-response effect especially for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objective: Examine prevalence and level of suicide risk, and its associations with sociodemographic factors and mood disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 530 individuals aged 60 years or more from Family Health Strategy of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Diagnosis was made by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview plus (MINIplus). Results: Suicide risk was found in 15.7% of the sample. Female gender, elderly with no income or with no paid activity and those who have lost one or more of his sons presented association with suicide risk. Bipolar disorder shows association with suicide risk for those with or without current episode. For unipolar depression only elderly with a current episode shows association with suicide risk. Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits the examination of causative relationships. The MINIplus questions are not broad enough to assess other important self-destructive behaviors. Conclusions: A high rate of suicide risk was found. As expected an increased rate of mood disorders were related to the risk of suicide. The loss of sons may partly explain a subtype of late-life risk of suicide or mood disorders especially in the oldest-old. These findings can be a useful to generate other research hypothesis and for health professionals who care older persons. Detecting characteristics linked to suicide, therefore opening up the possibility of preventing tragic outcomes providing a proper treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To compare adolescents with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with regard to quality of life and to investigate the association between quality of life and clinical characteristics. Methods: Participants were recruited from an epidemiological study conducted at high schools in the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The sample comprised 75 adolescents with OCD and 150 without the disorder, aged between 14 and 18 years. Participants were assessed using the following instruments: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment - Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depressive Inventory - II (BDI-II). Results: The two groups showed significant differences in relation to depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life (all domains), with a poorer performance among adolescents with OCD when compared to those without the disorder. Stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant association between BDI-II scores and quality of life, in all domains. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that adolescents with OCD, especially those with depression symptoms, have a poorer quality of life when compared with adolescents without OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rev Rene is the property of Rev Rene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Background: Two recent studies conducted in the US and in France found an unexpectedly high prevalence of a positive screen for bipolar disorder (BD) in primary care (PC). There are few studies of the prevalence of BD in PC and no information exists on the epidemiology of BD in Brazilian PC services. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of a positive screen for BD among patients attending three Brazilian PC centers. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited a systematic sample of 720 patients between 18 and 70 years of age who were seeking primary care treatment. Study measures included the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version, the Functional Comorbidity Index, the Functioning Assessment Short Test, data on past mental health care, service utilization and a review of medical records for coded diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of receiving positive screen for BD was 7.6% (n=55; 95% CI: 5.6–9.5%), but only 2 (3.6%) were recognized by general practitioners. A positive screen for BD was associated with significant depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥16; 70.9%) and more general medical conditions, along with higher primary care utilization. Patients who screened positive for BD reported worse health-related quality of life as well as impaired functioning, compared to those who screened negative. Limitations: Co-morbid mental disorders were not assessed. The cross-sectional design prevents firm cause-effect inferences. Conclusions: The prevalence of a positive screening for BD is high, clinically significant and under-recognized in Brazilian PC settings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]