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This article provides an overview of beef production and carcass evaluation in Brazil. It highlights Brazil's significant role in the global beef market and its record-breaking export revenues. However, Brazil lacks a national carcass grading system, with slaughterhouses using their own metrics to meet market demands. The current standard for carcass classification in Brazil is based on dentition, gender, carcass weight, and subcutaneous/external fat scores. The article also discusses beef cattle production systems, market statistics, and the need for a new Brazilian classification and grading system that incorporates eating quality parameters and technological advancements. [Extracted from the article]

Down syndrome or trisomy 21 can be caused by three types of chromosomal abnormalities: free trisomy 21, translocation or mosaicism. The cytogenetic diagnosis, made through karyotypic examination, is important mainly to determine recurrence risks to assist genetic counselling. The object of this work was to carry out a cytogenetic profile of confirmed cases of Down syndrome seen in the General Genetics Outpatient Service in a teaching hospital--Hospital de Base in Sao Jose do Rio Preto--from the implementation of the service in 1973 to November 2005, with the purpose of establishing the nature of the cytogenetic abnormalities of these patients. A retrospective study was performed, in which the karyotypes of patients with Down syndrome consulted at the General Genetics Outpatient Service of HB-FAMERP from 1973 to November 2005 were investigated. The results of cytogenetic analysis were obtained from the consultation register and patients' hospital records. The results show 387 Down syndrome cases confirmed by karyotypic examinations. Of these, 357 (92.2%) patients had free trisomy of chromosome 21, 24 (6.2%) had translocation involving chromosome 21 and 6 (1.5%) had mosaicism. Nondisjunction was the main cause of Down syndrome, as the majority of the patients have free trisomy of chromosome 21. The cytogenetic pattern of Down syndrome is variable among different studies. (Contains 1 figure.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1. Utilizing an observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter approach, participants will self-report the ability to evaluate major differences in south America public and private hospital service, as an opportunity for improvement and considerations for future practices applications. 2. Utilizing quality control, data visualization and comparation, participants will self-report the ability to identify key elements in the emergency service to support the decision-making of implement palliative care. In our observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study, four emergency services in the city of Campinas, SP, Brazil participated. A total of 293 interviews were conducted with one third of the patients eligible for palliative care (PC). Thus, there is an extreme need for PC services and hospice in Brazil. Currently, it is estimated that only 14% of patients who need palliative care (PC) receive it1,2. In Brazil, this movement is still incipient, there are only 123 doctors specialized in PC, 340 services, but none with a hospice model. Therefore, the emergency room is the main access for these patients2. Objectives: To identify and characterize the demand of patients eligible for PC through the eligibility scales: Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT-BR) and the functionality scale "Palliative Performance Scale" (PPS), in emergency services in a city of 1 million inhabitants in the state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. This is an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study involving four emergency services in this metropolis of SP, Brazil. Being two public service and school hospital, and two private service. Interviews were conducted with patients admitted to the emergency rooms, and the following eligibility scales were applied: SPICT-BR and PPS, determining the incidence of eligible patients, comparisons between public and private services, and associations with the main comorbidities and symptoms. Results: A total of 293 interviews were conducted, of which 23 were excluded, leaving 270 patients for analysis. Of this population sample, 101 (37.4%) patients were eligible for PC, 82 (53.2%) were in the public service and 19 (16.4%) in the private service. Neoplasia was the most prevalent disease, affecting 37 (36.6%) patients, and pain was the main symptom affecting 28 (27.7%) patients. There was a high number of patients eligible for PC who come to emergency departments with uncontrolled symptoms, leading to congestion of the emergency departments and avoidable suffering. This fact stems from the lack of PC Services and Model Hospice in the country. Thus, there is a need for efficient public policies related to PC and Hospice Quality Improvement; Models of Palliative Care Delivery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the association between participation in four domains of physical activity, social activities, and global life satisfaction among 2344 community-dwelling older adults (72.3 ± 5.5 years; 65.6% female) in Brazil. Comparison analyses were performed on the frequencies, and statistical analysis also included univariate and hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Of all the physical activity domains analyzed, only leisure-time physical activity was found to be associated with global life satisfaction. There was also a positive association between global life satisfaction and social activity participation. We conclude that the specific domain in which activity is performed interferes with one's perception of his or her life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The karst area of the northeastern state of Goiás comprises two main municipalities: São Domingos and Posse. São Domingos is inside the limits of a Full Protection Conservation Unit known as Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca (PETeR), where a high number of caves occurs, some of them surpassing 10 km in length. Despite their protection by law, uncontrolled tourism has been threatening the integrity of the unique and fragile cave systems of São Domingos. On the other hand, the caves of Posse are much less visited, with its subterranean fauna poorly unknown and are strongly threatened by the urban areas and mining activities in the vicinity. We conducted six systematic surveys of invertebrates in 12 caves, seven of which are located in São Domingos and five in Posse, between 2010 and 2012. Immediately outside the caves, we sampled several microhabitats for comparison. We estimated richness, abundance, and taxonomic distinctness of the communities. We recorded 1,941 individuals of 344 morphospecies. Caves from São Domingos showed a higher species richness and were more taxonomic distinct than caves from Posse. Most morphospecies were considered troglophiles (188). We also found one trogloxene and one troglobite, as well as nine troglomorphic taxa that possibly are troglobitic as well. Both regions have markedly singular caves regarding its subterranean fauna, with high values of taxonomic distinctness. However, the richer caves were not necessarily the most taxonomic distinct. Conservation measures are especially necessary in the region of Posse, where caves are not legally protected and are within an area of significant urbanization. Cave entrances of Posse are near deforested vicinities, in some cases with domestic wastes and cement plants nearby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian artist Rosângela Rennó refuses to take "new" photographs, preferring instead to rework existing images. Her use of appropriation and her attitude toward this method are remarkably similar to international postmodern appropriation practices. However, Rennó reached a parallel position to these North American precedents through her exposure to different theories and influences. Due to Brazil's late modernization and the years of repression, the postmodern theories that were being discussed internationally arrived in Brazil much later than other countries like Australia and the United States. During the years of repression, German artist and theorist Andreas Müller-Pohle made substantial contributions to Brazilian art debates. In contact with international trends, he contributed to fledgling postmodern ideas in Brazil. This article examines how the theory of an "Ecology of Information"by Müller-Pohle has influenced Rennó's renouncement of the act of photography to create artworks with appropriated images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health inequalities are the measures by which equity in oral health is tracked. Despite widespread improvement in children's dental health globally, substantial socio-economic disparities persist and may be worsening. Objectives Quantify 10-year changes in child caries occurrence by socio-economic position in a Southern Brazilian city and compare oral health inequalities over time. Methods Representative surveys of dental caries in children (age <6 years) in Canoas, Brazil, were conducted in 2000 and 2010 following standardized methods. For each survey year, we calculated disparities by socio-economic position (maternal education and family income) in age- and sex-standardized caries occurrence (prevalence: dmft > 0; severity: mean dmft) using absolute measures (difference and Slope Index of Inequality) and relative measures (ratio and Relative Index of Inequality). Results Comparing 2010 to 2000, caries occurrence was lower in all socio-economic strata. However, reductions were more pronounced among socio-economically advantaged groups, yielding no improvement in children's oral health disparities. Some disparity indicators were consistent with increasing inequality. Conclusions Overall, dental caries levels among children in Canoas improved, but inequalities in disease distribution endured. Concerted public health efforts targeting socio-economically disadvantaged groups are needed to achieve greater equity in children's oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Although several studies have demonstrated deleterious consequences of chronic right ventricular (RV) pacing on ventricular function and synchronicity, its effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional exercise capacity remain uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the effect of RV pacing on HRQoL and functional capacity of children and young adults with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB). Methods We included 66 consecutive subjects with RV cardiac pacemaker due to CCAVB and under clinical follow-up for more than 1 year. Multidimensional HRQoL scores were evaluated by Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50). Functional capacity was tested by a 6-minute walk distance test (6MWDT). Association analysis was performed to examine if any demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with lower HRQoL scores and shorter distances at the 6MWDT. Results Domains presenting lower HRQoL scores were vitality (64.0 ± 17.3), mental health (67.3 ± 8.0), role emotional (69.7 ± 35.8) in the SF-36 questionnaire; general health perceptions (61.3 ± 8.3), general behavior (61.9 ± 15.6), parental impact-emotional (67.7 ± 28.7) in the CHQ-PF50. Female gender (P = 0.009), left ventricular ejection fraction lower than 55% (P = 0.013), cardiovascular drugs (P = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower HRQoL scores. Average distance traveled during the 6MWDT was 539.8 ± 82.9 m. The 6MWDT showed significant association with age (P = 0.006) and cardiovascular drugs (P = 0.024). Conclusions Chronic RV pacing did not affect the HRQoL and physical capacity of pediatrics and young subjects. Female gender, ventricular function, and cardiovascular drugs were associated with lower HRQoL scores. Older subjects walked shorter distances in the 6MWDT, as well as subjects who were taking cardiovascular drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of postural drainage (PD) and manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) techniques on edema in the lower limbs of women with morbid obesity submitted to bariatric surgery. Design: A total of 47 women between 20 and 40 yrs old with a body mass index of 40 kg/m2 or higher were randomly placed in three groups: control group (n = 15), PD group (PDG, n = 16), and MLD group (n = 16). Lower limb perimetry was carried out in the first and third days of the postoperative period. All patients underwent six sessions of conventional physical therapy, plus additional six sessions of PD for the PDG or six sessions of MLD for the MLD group. Results: Intragroup analysis showed volume reductions in the PDG and the MLD group after the treatment protocol. Comparison of the pretreatment and posttreatment deltas among the groups showed a larger change in volume for the PDG compared with the control group and a larger change in volume for the MLD group compared with the control group or the PDG. Conclusions: The treatment protocols promoted reductions in volume values, suggesting that both techniques could be used to help reduce lower limb edema among this population. Nevertheless, the best results were obtained with MLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the historical context and poetic procedures of Oswald de Andrade's Anthropophagy and its relations with nationalism from São Paulo during the First Republic. It explores the relationship between the social, the subjective, and the literary, passing through the aspects of distinctive theoretical formulae that, far from being enforced to a synthesis that would be incoherent as a result, are operated as input of reflection with regard to the possibility of thinking about the relationships between esthetics and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the epidemiology, treatment, and complications of zygomatico-orbital complex (ZOC) and/or zygomatic arch (ZA) fractures either associated with other facial fractures or not over a 71-month period. Material and methods: This survey was performed in three hospitals of Ribeirao Preto in Sao Paulo, Brazil, from August 2002 to July 2008. The records of 1575 patients with facial trauma were reviewed. There were 140 cases of ZOC and ZA fractures either associated with other facial fractures or not. Data regarding gender, age, race, addictions, day of trauma, etiology, signs and symptoms, oral hygiene condition, day of initial evaluation, hospital admission, day of surgery, surgery approach, pattern of fractures, treatment performed, post-operative antibiotic therapy, day of hospital discharge, and post-operative complications were collected. The data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses. Results: The most frequent fractures affected Caucasian men and occurred during the fourth decade of life. The most frequent etiology was traffic accident, and symptoms and signs included pain and edema. Type I fractures were the main injury observed, and the treatment of choice was always rigid internal fixation. Post-operative antibiotic therapy was solely employed when there was an indication. Complications were observed in 13.1% of the cases. Conclusions: The treatment protocol yielded suitable post-operative results and also showed success rates comparable to published data around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: This study analyzed oncological and functional results of supracricoid horizontal partial laryngectomy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx who underwent SCPL between 1996 and 2005 in Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa Hospital of Sao Paulo, Brazil. There were 18 male and 2 female patients with ages ranging from 39 to 74 years (median=58 years), of whom 19 were smokers and 14 alcoholics. The tumors were present in the glottis in 16 cases and supraglottis in 4; 5 were stage I or II and 15 were stage III or IV. We analyzed treatment given when rehabilitation was unsuccessful, oncological results of SCPL, including local and regional recurrences, time to recurrence and treatment given, distal metastases, global survival, survival free of disease, and appearance of second primary tumors. We also calculated the index of functional preservation of the larynx. Results: Rehabilitation of swallowing capabilities and speech was achieved in 18 patients. Removal of the tracheostomy varied between 1 and 9 months. Rehabilitation was unsuccessful in two patients. Three patients required a total laryngectomy, two for unsuccessful rehabilitation and one for recurrence. The preservation of a functional larynx was 85%, with 10% of patients requiring a total laryngectomy after failed rehabilitation. Conclusions: Supracricoid horizontal partial laryngectomy is an efficient surgical oncology technique that yields good functional results for the treatment of laryngeal cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In Brazil beef cattle production is one of the most important activities in the agricultural sector and has an important impact on environmental and resources consumption. In this study assessed greenhouses gases (GHG) impacts from on farms representative productive system and the possible improvements of the production chain. Primary data from animal production index and feeding were collected from 17 farms, which covers 300.000 animals and 220.000 hectares. Emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide were made using intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) guidelines for national inventories. The GHG inventory included emissions from animals, feeds and operations for animal operation from "cradle to farm gate". Emissions of each farm were converted to carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) and divided by carcass production. Regression analysis between carbon dioxide equivalent and productive index was run to identify possible hotspot of GHG emissions. A large variation between farms were observed. The GHG yield ranged from 8.63 kg to 50.88 CO2eq kg carcass-1. The productive index age of slaughtering (P < 0.0001), average daily gain (P < 0.0001) and productivity (P = 0.058) per area were positive correlated to GHG yield. While no correlation was found with stocking rate (P = 0.21). Improvements of the production chain could be realized by accurate animal management strategies that reduce the age of slaughtering (feeding and genetic improvements) and gain individual or per area using strategic animal supplementation and pasture management, in order to obtains reduction of GHG emissions of beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No information is currently available on the profile of producers and production process of dry-aged beef in Brazil, to the best of the authors' knowledge. We surveyed 37 Brazilian companies that were producing dry-aged beef in 2020 to investigate this market. The absolute and relative frequency of responses was calculated to obtain the sum, average, minimum, and maximum values. From the respondents, dry-aged beef was first produced in 2009, and most producers are located in big cities. Most respondents control and monitor chamber temperature; however, humidity and air velocity only are monitored. The aging period (mostly between 22 to 60 days) was the main indicator of product readiness. The process losses (water loss and crust trimming) can reach 65%. Some producers perform microbiological analyses to ensure product safety and others use tools such as GMP and SOP. The results of this survey may help governmental institutions to develop a standardized industrial protocol for producing dry-aged beef in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global meat market growing and intensive livestock farming systems increasing, the impacts of livestock are a growing concern among consumers, further influencing their meat consumption. Understanding consumer perceptions of livestock production is therefore a key issue. This study surveyed 16,803 respondents in France, Brazil, China, Cameroon and South Africa to investigate the different perceptions of the ethical and environmental impacts of livestock production among consumer segments in different countries based on their sociodemographic characteristics. On average, the current respondents in Brazil and China and/or who consume little meat, are female, not in the meat sector and/or more educated, are more likely to think that livestock meat production causes serious ethical and environmental problems; while those in China, France and Cameroon and/or who consume little meat and/or are women, younger, not in the meat sector, and/or more educated, are more likely to agree that reducing meat consumption could be a good solution to these problems. Additionally, an affordable price and sensory quality are the main drivers of food purchases for the current respondents. In conclusion, sociodemographic factors have significant effects on consumer perception of livestock meat production and meat consumption habits. Perceptions of the challenges facing livestock meat production differ between countries in different geographic regions based on social, economic, cultural contexts and dietary habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of prenatal care offered in 12 Basic Health Units (BHU) in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, through a review of medical and nurse charts, before and after the municipalization of the public health system. The indicator used considered excellence in care as: starting prenatal care in the first quarter of pregnancy; at least six medical visits; at least two results of blood screening for syphilis and one for HIV; returning to BHU up to 42 days after delivery, This indicator was not present in any care delivered in 2000, and only 7.7% of the care delivered in 2004 obtained it (1.1% to 30% of the care per unit assessed). Although there was an evident improvement in care during the period, the low proportion of excellent prenatal care shows an urgent need to improve this care in the BHU of São Paulo city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown the efficacy of videos used in isolation to retain knowledge, acquire skills, and establish students' self-confidence. A few studies have investigated the efficacy of videos associated with simulations, while none of these studies have addressed bed bathing, one of the first procedures learned by nursing students. To test the efficacy of a video-assisted bed bath simulation on improving the performance of psychomotor skills of undergraduate nursing students. A randomized clinical trial. A Teaching Skills and Simulation Center at a Federal University in Brazil. All students regularly enrolled in the second year of the nursing undergraduate program at a Federal University, aged 18 years old, who had never performed a bed bath and had attended a theoretical class addressing the procedure (n = 56). The students were randomized into two groups: the Control group (n = 28) simulated a bed bath with the instructions of a tutor, while the Intervention group (n = 28) watched a video during the bed bathing simulation, under the supervision of a tutor. The performance of students concerning bed bathing was assessed twice (before and after the simulation) using a previously validated instrument. The psychomotor skills of both groups significantly improved in the second assessment, and the Intervention group scored higher (p = 0.003). The use of a video during bed bath simulations was efficacious for improving the performance of psychomotor skills of undergraduate nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Head and neck surgeons are among the highest risk for COVID-19 exposure, which also brings great risk to their mental wellbeing. In this study, we aim to evaluate mental health symptoms among head and neck surgeons in Brazil surrounding the time it was declared the epicenter of the virus., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, survey-based study evaluating burnout, anxiety, distress, and depression among head and neck surgeons in Brazil, assessed through the single-item Mini-Z burnout assessment, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively., Results: 163 physicians completed the survey (74.2% males). Anxiety, distress, burnout, and depression symptoms were reported in 74 (45.5%), 43 (26.3%), 24 (14.7%), and 26 (16.0%) physicians, respectively. On multivariable analysis, female physicians were more likely to report a positive screening for burnout compared to males (OR 2.88, CI [1.07-7.74]). Physicians 45 years or older were less likely to experience anxiety symptoms than those younger than 45 years (OR 0.40, CI [0.20-0.81]). Physicians with no self-reported prior psychiatric conditions were less likely to have symptoms of distress compared to those with such history (OR 0.11, CI [0.33-0.38])., Conclusion: Head and neck surgeons in Brazil reported symptoms of burnout, anxiety, distress and depression during our study period within the COVID-19 pandemic. Institutions should monitor these symptoms throughout the pandemic. Further study is required to assess the long-term implications for physician wellness., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)