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Abstract: The typing of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is important for the control and prevention of hospital outbreaks. This study aimed to analyze the molecular epidemiology of 46 OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains and compare them to previously described local and international clones (ICs). Isolates were recovered during May 2009–August 2011, from 8 different hospitals in the state of Parana (Brazil). The molecular profiles were determined by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR. Seven different clusters were identified (A to G). Thirty-two isolates were clustered in the same pattern (clone A), which belong to IC 4. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Allelic frequencies for 18 DNA STR autosomal markers (D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA, F13A01, FESFPS, F13B, LPL, Penta E, D18S51, D21S11, D3S1358, FGA and D8S1179) were obtained from a sample of unrelated individuals from the Federal District, in the Center-West of Brazil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Genetic population data for 10 X-STR (DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS7133, GATA31E08, GATA172D05, DXS7423, DXS6809, DXS7132, DXS9902 and DXS6789) were obtained from Vitória population (Espírito Santo State, Brazil). No deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were observed. The combined powers of discrimination in males and females were 0.9999995 and 0.99999999996, respectively. These high values show the potential of this system in human identification in Vitória population, Brazil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Genetic differentiation can exist not only between populations but also between different groups within a population, which must have to be taken into account in forensic databasing. The analysis of Y chromosome SNPs has shown to be a powerful tool to detect population substructure, critical in admixed populations as it is the case of Brazilian as well as most American populations. With this work, we aimed to study the origin of paternal lineages (Y-SNPs) in a sample of Sub-Saharan Africa descendents living in Rio de Janeiro. A low proportion of YAP+ chromosomes were found (≈42%), a mutation usually represented in almost 80% of the male lineages in Bantu populations. Concerning the YAP− chromosomes, all of them carried the M89 mutation, and the most common lineages were those belonging to the European R1b1-P25 haplogroup, with a frequency of 37.12%. As expected, a much higher proportion of YAP+ chromosomes were found in this sample than in Rio de Janeiro general population (19%). Nevertheless, in accordance with other studies on African ancestry groups in America, our results revealed a high proportion of European Y lineages in Afro-Brazilians from Rio de Janeiro. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: DNA typing was performed on 155 unrelated volunteers from Parana (South Brazil) using 9 non-CODIS mini-short tandem repeat (miniSTR) markers (D10S1248, D14S1434, D22S1045, D1S1677, D2S441, D4S2364, D20S482, D3S3053 and D6S474), comprising three different multiplex systems. The allele frequencies, heterozygosity, power of discrimination, mean exclusion chance, polymorphism information content and typical paternity index of all loci were calculated by statistical analysis. The combined matching probability and the combined mean exclusion chance was 1 in 9,09×107 and 0.995856, respectively. The typical paternity index varied from 1077 (D4S2364) to 2588 (D3S3053). No evidence of deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed for any loci, except for D10S1248 (p value=0.00101). There was also no evidence for correlation of alleles between loci. Five of the six loci showed good levels of polymorphisms, with heterozygosities greater than 0.65. This study demonstrates that these multiplex systems are useful and convenient tools for forensic identification and parentage testing in the Brazilian population of Parana. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This work relates the identification of the 13 carbonized corpses in a car crash in which DNA analysis was necessary. The corpses and relatives samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and short tandem repeat (STR and Y-STR) typing. Amplification products were analyzed by an automated sequencer and statistical analyses were performed using Familias 1.7 software. Full profiles were obtained for all samples. All victim samples had relationship to the reference samples, with agreement for all autosomal markers and the Y chromosome haplotype. Human identification through DNA analysis is an extremely efficient tool in forensic casework when other methods are not successful, even in cases of carbonized bodies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two women were found dead inside a residence. Choke causes death in one that had been naked in a bed and contusion injury in another that was found on a sofa. Were received samples of vaginal and anal swabs of the two victims of homicide with suspected of having suffered sexual violence. References also received samples of two victims and a suspect. We performed genetic analysis for identification of samples from the meeting of any possibility of overlap between patterns and profiles of sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based on genetic relationship between those involved. The reference samples were subjected to the procedure of extraction of nuclear DNA by Chelex method and the swabs samples by differential extraction. For all the samples were performed for amplification of STRs loci and autosomal STRs of chromosome Y. The profiles of DNA sequences were obtained by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), using sequences starting with marked substances emitting fluorescence detected by reading the optical laser in 3100 Avant automatic sequencer from Applied Biosystems. The information of consecutive loci of Short Repeats or STRs of autosomal chromosomes and the Y chromosome was obtained using the systems or products sold in multilocus, methodologies recommended by the supplier and valid for analysis of DNA. We used the multilocus Identifiler and YFiler system of Applied Biosystems to the amplification of samples. The validation of results has shown a genetic profile in male anal secretion of the victims with a complete coincidence with the suspect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Brazil has one of the highest homicides rates in the world. In this context, many cases of post mortem human bones that have been exposed to adverse environmental conditions and contaminants are the only materials available for analysis. Humid tropical climate with high rainfall and temperature has a direct influence on bone material that has been exposed to those conditions resulting in cell loss and DNA degradation. This study aimed to extract DNA using a commercial kit and organic extraction to evaluate their success in amplifying 15 STR markers from human skeletal remains exposed to tropical conditions. Compact bone fragments were used from the femoral diaphysis of 20 skeletonized corpses, found in the period 1998–2007 in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Fragments were sanded and pulverized and DNA was extracted from 150mg of bone powder using commercial kit and phenol chloroform with alcohol precipitation. Samples were quantified with Duo DNA Quantifiler kit (Applied Biosystems) and amplified by PowerPlex® 16 HS System (Promega). DNA could be quantified in 60% of samples by employing the commercial kit extraction. Nevertheless, a complete profile was not obtained in any case, using organic or commercial extraction methods. Partial profiles were obtained in 60% of cases and markers with up to 264 base pairs were amplified. Our results show that is possible to obtain short amplicons, demonstrating DNA degradation and that there is a need of mini STR analysis in these types of sample. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Allele frequencies of CODIS STR loci CSF1PO, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, FGA, TPOX, TH01 and vWA together with STR loci D2S1339, D19S433, Penta D and Penta E were calculated in a sample of 187 healthy unrelated Brazilian immigrants, living in Lisbon. Some statistical parameters of forensic interest such as Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, matching probability, power of discrimination, polymorphic information content, power of exclusion and typical paternity index are also presented. All the analysed loci meet Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations. Our data is the first announcement of population genetic data of Brazilian immigrants living in Lisbon up to date. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Allele frequencies for 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci were obtained from a sample of 12,030 individuals undergoing paternity testing. This sample includes individuals from all States in Brazil, combined according to the current country division into five regions (North, Northeast, Central West, Southeast, and South). The most polymorphic loci were D2S1338 and D18S51. All the analysed loci meet Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations. Combined power of discrimination and combined power of exclusion for the 15 tested STR loci were 0.999999999999990 and 0.9999992, respectively. Comparative analysis between populations from different Brazilian macroregions as well as between Brazil and other relevant populations are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the last years, several works have been published on the variability of X-markers; however, few were on Asian populations. In this work, we present the genetic data of 12 X-STRs (DXS9895, DXS7132, DXS6800, DXS9898, DXS6789, DXS7133, GATA172D05, DXS7130, HPRTB, GATA31E08, DXS7423, DXS10011) obtained from a sample of 232 individuals of Japanese origin residing in Brazil. Most markers investigated present a high genetic diversity, with the exception of DXS6800. No deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed, with the exception of DXS7133 locus. Linkage disequilibrium analysis did not reveal consistent evidence of association between the X-STRs used. The comparison of the Japanese immigrant population with other Asian populations (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean) demonstrates the inexistence of significant allelic frequency differences between these populations in most systems investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]