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Knowledge of how the different types of sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with functional limitations can guide professionals who work with older adults on better recommendations about the amount of daily time that should be encouraged in each type of SB. The objective was to estimate the associations between two SB typologies (SB television [TV] and SB computer/internet) and the presence of handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 1,298 community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). SB was assessed by self-reporting daily time spent watching TV or using computer/internet (categorized into <2, 3–4, and ≥5 hr/day). Outcomes were handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations considering referenced cutoff points. Older adults in SB TV ≥5 hr/day had 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 2.86]) and 1.88 (95% CI [1.02, 3.46]) times more chances of handgrip strength and gait speed limitations, respectively. On the other hand, those who spent 3–4 and ≥5 hr/day in SB computer/internet had 0.45 (95% CI [0.20, 0.99]) and 0.37 (95% CI [0.15, 0.93]) had less chances of lower limb strength and balance limitations, respectively. In conclusion, functional limitations would be associated differently depending on the type of SB in the older adults sampled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: There is a need to monitor physical fitness in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents, and body mass index (BMI) could be an option for this due to its usability for assessing nutritional status and fat mass. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between BMI and physical fitness in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents aged 5–15, with participants from two research protocols (Study I, n = 65; Study II, n = 21). Physical fitness was assessed through body composition (anthropometric measurements and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak]), muscle strength/endurance (handgrip strength, standing broad jump, and abdominal and modified push-up endurance), and flexibility (sit-to reach test). The relationship between BMI and physical fitness components was analyzed through correlation and simple and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Eutrophic participants (mean age 11.44 ± 2.20) presented a normal fat mass percentage and overweight participants (mean age 11.50 ± 2.54) presented adequate handgrip strength. The adjusted models could explain 71% of fat-free mass, 57% of fat mass percentage, 70% of bone mineral content, 72% of bone mineral density, and 52% of handgrip strength. Conclusions: Increases in BMI were associated with increases in fat-free mass, fat mass percentage, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and handgrip strength. BMI was capable of distinguishing those presenting a normal fat mass percentage and those presenting adequate handgrip strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyse secular trend in handgrip strength (HGS) in adolescents using an allometric approach and identify the factors associated. The sample comprised 657 and 1004 adolescents (14 to 19 years) in 2007 and 2017/2018, respectively, of public schools in Florianópolis, Brazil. The dependent variable was HGS normalised to body mass and height. Covariance analysis was used to examine secular trends in HGS, and multiple linear regression was used to identify associated factors. The independent variables were sociodemographic, biological, and behavioural factors. Comparison of HGS between surveys indicated a negative secular trend in both sexes (p < 0.001). In boys, there was a positive association of HGS with age and FFM in both surveys. In 2017/18, there was a positive association with sexual maturation and a negative association with sitting time and fat percentage. In girls, FFM was positively associated with HGS in both surveys. In 2007, there were positive associations of HGS with age and vigorous physical activity, whereas, in 2017/18, negative associations were observed with economic level and sitting time. The findings of the present study show a decline in adolescent HGS. And behavioural changes appear to be contributing to declines in HGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aging process is associated with changes in hemodynamic control, such as reduced sensitivity of baroreceptors. Advanced evidence that some manual therapies, expanded physiotherapy specialty in the treatment of basic musculoskeletal disorders, be complementary to physical exercises performed in cardiovascular rehabilitation, studies that are very scarce in this area in Brazil. Objective: to evaluate the effect of a pomping protocol on hemodynamic behavior during isometric exercise in the elderly. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled interventional study was carried out. 503 elderly people were initially screened, of which 70 elderly were selected to participate in two randomized sessions held on different days: one with a pomping protocol based on Bienfait (1999) and another with a placebo protocol, totaling 140 transactions. Results: The elderly had a mean age of 69 ± 1.0 years. Regarding BP values (SBP,131±1.4 mmHg; DBP=83±1.6 mmHg), it is possible to observe that most of the elderly were classified as pre-hypertensive, according to the Brazilian Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension. (2020). We emphasize that there was a reduction in SBP only in the pompage group (p < 0.001), a reduction in DBP only in the pompage group in the first minute (p=0.03) and in the third minute (p=0.04) and a reduction in HR in both groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02). Conclusion: The pompagens protocol reduced the SBP of the elderly during isometric exercise with the handgrip and the DBP in the recovery from isometric exercise, while there was no change in SBP in the placebo group during isometrics and no change in DBP in the placebo group during recovery from isometric exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The frequency of sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus was 9.4% and 22.72% respectively. • Sex, age, BMI and funcional scales were correlated with sarcopenia. • There was a Strong correlation between DM and sarcopenia in the studied population. • Sarcopenic elderly had a significant increase in DM risk. Studies indicate the intrinsic relationship between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus (DM) pathophysiological mechanisms. Changes in insulin and muscular metabolism are features of diabetic patients and can interact as sarcopenic accelerators. Conversely, sarcopenic patients feature lower glucose tolerance and higher serum insulin levels, predisposing them to DM. To study the association between sarcopenia and DM in a community-dwelling elderly population of the Amazon region. Cross-sectional study, performed in Belém, Brazil, with 1078 patients aged above 60 years old from the Viver Mais Project (VMP). The definition of sarcopenia was based in the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Calf circumference >31 cm was considered normal, muscle strength was discriminated by BMI and measured with the hand grip test, and gait speed <0.8 m/s configured low performance. DM was diagnosed when reported by the patient or medical form, use of hypoglycemic medications/insulin and in the presence of fasting glucose >126 mg/dl or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >6.5% on two occasions. Other medical and socio-demographic data were extracted from medical forms. The frequency of sarcopenia was 9.4%, while DM was present in 36.87% of the patients, and had an increased occurrence in the sarcopenic group. Female sex, advanced age, DM, coronary insufficiency, osteoporosis, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides and functionality were associated with sarcopenia. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia remained strongly associated with DM (OR: 3.208, 95%CI: 1.784–5.769). This study describes strong and independent association between sarcopenia and DM. To further clarify these findings, broader prospective cohorts are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are very few observational methods for analysis of biomechanical exposure available in Brazilian-Portuguese. Objective This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and test the measurement properties of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Strain Index (SI). Methods The cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties test were established according to Beaton et al. and COSMIN guidelines, respectively. Several tasks that required static posture and/or repetitive motion of upper limbs were evaluated ( n > 100). Results The intra-raters’ reliability for the RULA ranged from poor to almost perfect ( k : 0.00–0.93), and SI from poor to excellent (ICC 2.1 : 0.05–0.99). The inter-raters’ reliability was very poor for RULA ( k : −0.12 to 0.13) and ranged from very poor to moderate for SI (ICC 2.1 : 0.00–0.53). The agreement was good for RULA (75–100% intra-raters, and 42.24–100% inter-raters) and to SI (EPM: −1.03% to 1.97%; intra-raters, and −0.17% to 1.51% inter-raters). The internal consistency was appropriate for RULA ( α = 0.88), and low for SI ( α = 0.65). Moderate construct validity were observed between RULA and SI, in wrist/hand-wrist posture (rho: 0.61) and strength/intensity of exertion (rho: 0.39). Conclusion The adapted versions of the RULA and SI presented semantic and cultural equivalence for the Brazilian Portuguese. The RULA and SI had reliability estimates ranged from very poor to almost perfect. The internal consistency for RULA was better than the SI. The correlation between methods was moderate only of muscle request/movement repetition. Previous training is mandatory to use of observations methods for biomechanical exposure assessment, although it does not guarantee good reproducibility of these measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whether Sanders' model is suitable for estimating accurately the propulsive force generated by the hands' motion in swimming comparing the calculated force obtained using the model and the measured force during an actual propulsive action. The measured and calculated forces were obtained from 13 swimmers who, while tethered, performed a sculling motion in a prone position for the purpose of displacing the body by moving it forward. Kinematic analyses were conducted to obtain the calculated force, while the measured force was obtained via the use of a load cell. The calculated force was lower than the measured force and accounted for only a small part of the variation in the measured force. The forces could not be used interchangeably, and there were fixed and proportional differences between them. Consequently, this study indicates that Sanders' model is not suitable for estimating accurately the propulsive force generated by the swimmer's hands during sculling motion. However, research that integrates analyses from different approaches could result in improvements to the model that would render it applicable for estimating the propulsive forces during movements that are characterised by directional changes of the hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE. We evaluated factors contributing to activity limitations in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. METHOD. In a cross-sectional study, we measured five activity constructs in 81 people with RA. RESULTS. Multiple regression analysis revealed the following results for the five constructs: (1) RA Activities (R² = .512) included handgrip strength, range of motion deficit, deformity, and mental health; (2) Upper-Limb Activities (R² = .473) included time since diagnosis, dexterity, handgrip strength, and range of motion deficit; (3) Timed Activities (R² = .320) included dexterity and work activities; (4) Physical Autonomy Activities (R² = .562) included range of motion deficit, vitality, pain, and functional classification; and (5) Physical Conditions for Activities (R² = .416) included functional classification and vitality. CONCLUSION. Factors most associated with activity limitations were handgrip strength and hand range of motion deficits. Activity limitations in people with RA are multifactorial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to understand the physical, attitudinal, and assistive characteristics of the home and the therapeutic settings that enable and/or hinder hand use by children with spastic hemiparesis CP. A qualitative study with 7 children with CP, their caregivers, and therapists was conducted. Children were observed at home and in their therapeutic settings to understand the supports and barriers from these environments regarding their use of the affected hand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers and therapists. The transcribed interviews and field diaries were used for content analysis. The following thematic categories were drawn from the data analyses: (1) use when needed: from consistent to nonuse of the affected extremity; (2) making decisions: choosing to use or not use the affected extremity; and (3) responsibilities with activities: from complete dependence to independent performance. Discrepancies between caregivers and therapists' attitudes and actions towards children's hands use highlight the specific features from each context that facilitated or hindered children with CP's engagement in functional activities. Recommendations for future studies include investigating the relationship between the identified facilitators and improvements in children's effective hand use in home and clinical settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To design an instrument to check the perception of minimal contrasts by through pairs of signs, which differ in one the following parameters: handshape, hand location, hand movement and hand orientation., Methods: An inventory of minimal pairs was made and some pictures were drawn by a visual artist. These pictures were organized into three columns, which could be equal or different from each other in the pair. A video file with an interpreter making two signs at a time was played to the individual taking the test and this was expected to watch the signs and point to the pictures that corresponded to them. Raters analyzed the pairs and decided whether or not they were accurate. They could modify the pairs or ask for particular pairs to be removed; they also checked if the pictures were clear and if they were part of the children's vocabulary., Results: The analysis of agreement among raters had a significant result for the criterion rated as 'not a minimal pair'. Thus, 13 items were removed from the instrument because they differed as to more than one parameter, and were considered either analogous or not minimal pairs. Additionally, 16 pairs were modified, and seven pairs which differed in orientation, were added. As a consequence, there was a total of 35 minimal pairs in the final version of the instrument., Conclusion: The purpose of designing an instrument for evaluation of the perception of minimal contrasts was achieved. Some adjustments were made during the assessment of the content of the instrument as suggested by raters. The final instrument was composed of 35 pairs which differ from each other in only one parameter.