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Simple Summary: Citizen science contributes to our scientific knowledge when non−researcher citizens collect information, usually, under the supervision of academics. It has revolutionized how traditional science is developed since it accumulates a great quantity of data over larger areas and within shorter periods of time than single researchers would be able to achieve. Both traditional and citizen science data were used to compare how caprimulgid species have been recorded in southern Brazil. Researchers mentioned 13 species from 1820–2020, and citizen scientists (from 1989–2022) detected one more species never mentioned in the literature. There have been no dialogues between traditional and citizen scientists to come together and develop an integrated approach to investigate common hypotheses. It remains unclear whether traditional and citizen scientists will realize that communicating about mutual interests can help organize and solve questions based on empirical observations. This type of joint effort could improve knowledge of caprimulgids in Paraná and other Brazilian regions. Although the ornithological history of southern Brazil has been amassed over the last 200 years, few attempts have been made to describe how species have accumulated. Furthermore, the collaboration of citizen scientists has considerably changed the way researchers analyze empirical data. Caprimulgidae (Nightjars and Nighthawks) species were used to illustrate how species have been recorded since the 1800s in Paraná State by comparing traditional and citizen science data. In addition, reports from both researchers and citizen scientists on the breeding biology of these caprimulgids have been verified. A literature review was conducted searching for the Caprimulgid species within the territory of Paraná. Regarding citizen science, records were obtained from four ornithological platforms. Overall, 14 species were detected within the state, 13 of which have been described in the literature, including 1 endemic to the Atlantic Forest and 3 threatened species. Citizen scientists detected all 13 taxa, in addition to one undocumented species that has never been recorded by researchers. There were 12 times more records on ornithological platforms in half of the sampling effort accumulated in studies, but most of them date from the last five years. Citizen scientists also visited 4.5 times more locations than researchers. Citizen scientists accumulated more records around September and November, and most (59%) records were from 2020–2022. Researchers mentioned species as early as 1820, while continuous studies only began during the 1980s; they concentrated their fieldwork mostly in September. Only one (2%) study sought to describe the breeding biology of a caprimulgid species, but there were 84 observations on ornithological platforms between 2004–2022 on their reproduction. Because of the evident mismatch between traditional and citizen science data due to a lack of congruence between their actions, it is suggested that ornithology in Paraná, as well as other Brazilian regions, would benefit the most if traditional and citizen scientists improved their networking communication to focus on common purposes instead of acting independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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