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2. Classroom Segregation without Tracking: Chance, Legitimacy, and Myth in 'Racial Paradise.' CEPA Working Paper No. 21-04
- Author
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Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis (CEPA) and Gagné, Josh
- Abstract
Though schools do not track in Brazil, I find that black/white classroom segregation in Brazil is greater than recent estimates from North Carolina high schools (Clotfelter et al., 2020). How does race-based classroom segregation occur without tracking, and in a supposed "racial paradise," no less? Using national, student-level data spanning from 2011 to 2017, I describe racial classroom segregation among Brazilian 5th and 9th graders and assess potential mechanisms identified in the literature. The findings are consistent with a segregation by chance regime in which (1) schools typically assign students to classrooms arbitrarily, producing initial assignments that are sometimes segregated by chance, and (2) schools choose to move forward with the racially segregated "draws" rather than make race-conscious adjustments.
- Published
- 2021
3. The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 225
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Hanushek, Eric A., and Woessmann, Ludger
- Abstract
The worldwide school closures in early 2020 led to losses in learning that will not easily be made up for even if schools quickly return to their prior performance levels. These losses will have lasting economic impacts both on the affected students and on each nation unless they are effectively remediated. While the precise learning losses are not yet known, existing research suggests that the students in grades 1-12 affected by the closures might expect some 3 percent lower income over their entire lifetimes. For nations, the lower long-term growth related to such losses might yield an average of 1.5 percent lower annual GDP for the remainder of the century. These economic losses would grow if schools are unable to re-start quickly. The economic losses will be more deeply felt by disadvantaged students. All indications are that students whose families are less able to support out-of-school learning will face larger learning losses than their more advantaged peers, which in turn will translate into deeper losses of lifetime earnings. The present value of the economic losses to nations reach huge proportions. Just returning schools to where they were in 2019 will not avoid such losses. Only making them better can. While a variety of approaches might be attempted, existing research indicates that close attention to the modified re-opening of schools offers strategies that could ameliorate the losses. Specifically, with the expected increase in video-based instruction, matching the skills of the teaching force to the new range of tasks and activities could quickly move schools to heightened performance. Additionally, because the prior disruptions are likely to increase the variations in learning levels within individual classrooms, pivoting to more individualised instruction could leave all students better off as schools resume. As schools move to re-establish their programmes even as the pandemic continues, it is natural to focus considerable attention on the mechanics and logistics of safe re-opening. But the long-term economic impacts also require serious attention, because the losses already suffered demand more than the best of currently considered re-opening approaches.
- Published
- 2020
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4. Examining a Congruency-Typology Model of Leadership for Learning Using Two-Level Latent Class Analysis with TALIS 2018. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 219
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Bowers, Alex J.
- Abstract
Are teachers and principals aligned in their perceptions of the core components of the theory of Leadership for Learning across countries, or are there subgroups of schools in which there is misalignment? The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which a congruency-typology model of leadership for learning is distributed across countries/economies using the TALIS 2018 dataset through examining the interaction of significantly different subgroups of teacher and principal responders through using multilevel latent class analysis (LCA) with a cross-level interaction. I analyse data from lower secondary schools of n=152 635 teachers in 9 079 schools and their principals across 47 countries/economies. Currently in the research literature on school leadership, leadership for learning has emerged as a framework to bring together managerial, transformational, distributed, and instructional leadership. Yet little is known about leadership for learning across national contexts. This study 1) maps the TALIS 2018 survey items to the current literature and surveys for leadership for learning, 2) then details the methods and analysis framework to examine if there are multiple significantly different types of teachers, principals, and schools from a leadership for learning theory framework. The final model 3) identifies a three-group teacher typology and a three-group principal typology, linking these types to school context, covariates, as well as teacher and principal training and experience. Results relate directly to the intersection of research, policy, and practice for training and capacity of school leaders across 47 countries/economies globally.
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- 2020
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5. Science Teachers' Satisfaction: Evidence from the PISA 2015 Teacher Survey. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 168
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Mostafa, Tarek, and Pál, Judit
- Abstract
In 2015, for the first time in its history, PISA (the Programme for International Student Assessment) asked teachers to describe the various aspects of their working environment and teaching practices. This paper examines how teacher, student, and school characteristics are related to science teachers' satisfaction in 19 PISA-participating countries and economies. The findings show that the most satisfied science teachers tend to be those who are initially motivated to become teachers. The results also highlight the positive relationship between science teachers' satisfaction and teacher collaboration, good disciplinary climate in science classes, availability of school resources, and the opportunity to participate in professional-development activities.
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- 2018
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6. Assessment of Learning Outcomes in Higher Education: A Comparative Review of Selected Practices. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 15
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Nusche, Deborah
- Abstract
Higher education institutions (HEIs) have experienced increasing pressures to provide accountability data and consumer information on the quality of teaching and learning. Existing ratings and rankings of HEIs tend to neglect information on student learning outcomes. Instead, they focus on inputs, activities and research outputs, such as resources used, classes taught, and articles published. Such indicators provide no indication of the degree to which HEIs actually develop the knowledge and skills of their students. In most countries, hardly any comparable information is available on the educational quality of different programmes and institutions. In some countries, approaches to assess higher education learning outcomes have been developed, but little cross-country information is available on the characteristics of the instruments used. This paper provides an overview of experience gained in this domain across OECD and partner countries. Based on illustrative evidence collected for 18 assessment instruments, it examines conceptual, organizational and methodological aspects of existing assessments. It proposes a typology of higher education learning outcomes and reviews the ways in which these have been assessed across countries. Examples are drawn from Australia, Brazil, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States. (Contains 2 footnotes and 7 tables.)
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- 2008
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7. Classifying papers into subfields using Abstracts, Titles, Keywords and KeyWords Plus through pattern detection and optimization procedures: An application in Physics.
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Pech, Gerson, Delgado, Catarina, and Sorella, Silvio Paolo
- Subjects
ABSTRACTING ,DATABASES ,PHYSICS ,ELECTRONIC journals ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ,ACADEMIC achievement ,INTELLECT ,RESEARCH funding ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,INFORMATION science ,DATA analysis software ,POLICY sciences ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
Classifying papers according to the fields of knowledge is critical to clearly understand the dynamics of scientific (sub)fields, their leading questions, and trends. Most studies rely on journal categories defined by popular databases such as WoS or Scopus, but some experts find that those categories may not correctly map the existing subfields nor identify the subfield of a specific article. This study addresses the classification problem using data from each paper (Abstract, Title, Keywords, and the KeyWords Plus) and the help of experts to identify the existing subfields and journals exclusive of each subfield. These "exclusive journals" are critical to obtain, through a pattern detection procedure that uses machine learning techniques (from software NVivo), a list of the frequent terms that are specific to each subfield. With that list of terms and with the help of optimization procedures, we can identify to which subfield each paper most likely belongs. This study can contribute to support scientific policy‐makers, funding, and research institutions—via more accurate academic performance evaluations—, to support editors in their tasks to redefine the scopes of journals, and to support popular databases in their processes of refining categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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8. Tooth Bleaching: A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited papers.
- Author
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Rocha AO, Anjos LMD, Vitali FC, Santos PS, Bolan M, Santana CM, and Cardoso M
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- Humans, United States, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Tooth Bleaching
- Abstract
This study analyzes the characteristics of the top 100 most-cited papers related to tooth bleaching. A literature search was performed on the Web of Science up to March 2022. The number of citations was cross-matched with the citation count on Scopus and Google Scholar. The following data were collected: number and density of citations; authorship; year and journal of publication; study design and thematic; keywords; institution and country of origin. Spearman's correlation and Poisson regression were used to determine associations between the number of citations and study characteristics. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative network maps for the authors and keywords. The number of citations ranged from 66 to 450. Papers were published between 1981 and 2020. The most frequent study design and topic were laboratory-based studies and 'interaction of the bleaching agent with dental tissues', respectively. Cochran M, Loguercio AD, Matis B, Reis A, and Suliman M were the authors with the highest number of papers. The countries with the most papers were the United States of America (USA) (28%) and Brazil (20%). Indiana University and State University of Ponta Grossa were the institutions with the most papers (6% each). There was a very strong correlation among the number of citations of the three databases. The 100 most-cited papers related to tooth bleaching were mainly published by the USA and Brazil, with laboratory-based studies addressing topics related to the effects of bleaching agents on tooth structure being the most prevalent.
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- 2023
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9. Assessment and Innovation in Education. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 24
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Looney, Janet W.
- Abstract
Do some forms of student (and school) assessment hinder the introduction of innovative educational practices and the development of innovation skills in education systems? This report focuses on the impact of high-stake summative assessment on innovation and argues that it is possible to reconcile high-stakes assessments and examinations through innovative approaches to testing. While necessary, assessment based on high-stake examinations often acts as an incentive to teach or study "to the test". It may thus limit risk-taking by teachers, students and parents, for instance. The problem may be amplified if a system of accountability and incentives uses the results of these examinations and tests to assess teachers and schools. What should be done to ensure that the systems used to assess education systems do not stifle the risk-taking inherent to innovation--and that they foster innovation skills in students? This study proposes three main ways of combining assessment and innovation: 1) developing a wide range of performance measurements for both students and schools; 2) rethinking the alignment of standards and assessment; 3) measuring the impact of assessments on teaching and learning. One way of influencing teaching and learning might be to modify high-stake testing. Systems will adapt to this, and both teaching and learning will focus on acquiring the right skills. Rather than testing the content of learning, standards could relate to cognitive skills such as problem-solving, communicating and reasoning--with test/examination developers adapting those skills to subjects such as mathematics, science or literary analysis. Similarly, more use might be made of innovative assessment methods based on information and communication technologies, inasmuch as these may feature simulation or interactivity, for instance, at a reasonable cost. Focusing the assessment on cognitive processes rather than content would leave more scope for teachers to put in place innovative teaching/learning strategies. This does, however, assume a high standard of professionalism in teachers and an adequate system of continuing training and knowledge management. As a single type of assessment cannot fully capture student learning, one effective strategy might also be to multiply the number of measurements and thus relieve the pressure on students and teachers to perform well in a single, high-visibility, high-stake test. At the same time, this larger number of measurements could provide the necessary input for systems based on accountability, diagnosis and assessment of the effectiveness of innovative practice. Finally, assessing the technical standard of tests and examinations is an integral part of their development, but it is less common to address the impact they have on teaching/learning or the validity of how their results are used. Since assessment is an integral part of the education process, it is just as important to assess tests and examinations as it is other educational practices in order to achieve improvements and innovation in educational assessment, but also in educational practice. (Contains 12 notes.)
- Published
- 2009
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10. An Approach to Comparative Adult Education. Papers by Members of a Graduate Seminar.
- Author
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Hull Univ. (England). Dept. of Adult Education.
- Abstract
These papers, produced for a graduate seminar at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, represent an attempt to devise a methodology for the comparative study of adult education. "Introduction," by G.S. Bains, provides a justification for the study of comparative adult education. "Comparative Philosophies of Adult Education," by Donald Verwayen, and "An Exploration of the 'Developmental/Rationalistic' Dichotomy for Comparative Adult Education Studies," by Michael J. Heus, examine basic philosophies. "The National Establishment of Adult Education," by Barbara D'Onofrio, concerns the status of adult education. "The Organization of Adult Education," by A. Brian Calhoun, "A Comparative Adult Education Inventory," by Marianne Maynard, and "The Arrangement of Study Activities," by Thomas C. Smrcka, present different forms of arrangement. "Cultural Differences and Evaluation," by D. Merrill Ewert, explores cultural influences creating differences between countries. (KM)
- Published
- 1972
11. The top 100 most-cited papers in Paediatric Dentistry journals: A bibliometric analysis.
- Author
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Perazzo MF, Otoni ALC, Costa MS, Granville-Granville AF, Paiva SM, and Martins-Júnior PA
- Subjects
- Australia, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, United States, Pediatric Dentistry, Periodicals as Topic
- Abstract
Background: The most-cited papers help to better understand important characteristics of this specific science field., Objective: To analyse the 100 most-cited papers in the field of Paediatric Dentistry., Design: A search of the most-cited papers in Paediatric Dentistry journals was performed using journals included in the category of 'Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine' in the Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing database up to December 2018. Two researchers performed the data extraction, which included: number of citations, title, authors, country, year, journals, study design, and thematic area., Results: The number of citations of each paper included in the top 100 most-cited ranged from 42 to 182 (mean: 64.51). Seven papers were cited more than 100 times. Most of the papers were published in the International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry (36%), between 2006 and 2015 (55%), with a cross-sectional design (39%). Twenty-six authors participated in two or more papers. The countries with the highest number of most-cited papers were the United States (25%), Australia (11%), and Brazil (9%). Cariology was the most studied thematic area., Conclusion: The evaluation of the top 100 most-cited papers in Paediatric Dentistry journals allowed for a better understanding of the world scenario regarding this research field., (© 2019 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
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12. Statistics Section. Management and Technology Division. Papers.
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International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).
- Abstract
Papers on the application of statistics to library research and library administration which were presented at the 1982 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Price Indexes for Library Materials: Steps toward International Standardization" by Frederick C. Lynden (United States); (2) "Australian Census of Library Services: A Pragmatic Approach" by Nick Mayman and G. G. Allen (Australia); (3) "Statistical Model for Data Analysis and Networks" by Daniel O. O'Connor (United States), which presents an evaluation model based on the probability of satisfying a request for services, and the average waiting time and average cost of satisfying a request; (4) "Viewpoint of a Network Administrator and a University Library Administrator," a review by Glyn T. Evans (United States) of the availability of statistical reports from bibliographic utilities and the use of OCLC distribution tapes as a source of management data; (5) "Aspects of Library Statistics in Brazil" by Maria Beatriz Pontes de Carvalho; (6) "Standardization of Statistics: The Experience of the Quebec University Libraries" by Claude Bonnelly (Canada) and other members of a statistics task force; and (7) "Library Management Information Systems: Concept, Potential, and Plan of Action" by Neal K. Kaske (United States), which discusses library management information systems at local, state, regional, national, and international levels. (ESR)
- Published
- 1982
13. IFLA General Conference, 1986. Management and Technology Division. Section: Statistics. Papers.
- Author
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, The Hague (Netherlands).
- Abstract
Papers on statistics which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Library Data Collection in Brazil (Nice Menezes de Figueiredo, Brazil); (2) "Fact-Finding on Statistics and Reference Tools in Japan" (Yuriko Sugimoto, Chihomi Oka, Ikuko Mayumi, and Keiko Kurata, Japan); (3) "Public Library Statistics in Libya" (Abubaker M. El-Hush, Libya); (4) "Preparing Librarians for the 21st Century--Study Abroad" (Maxine K. Rochester, Australia); and (5) "Library Statistics and Institutional Decision-Making" (Glyn T. Evans, United States). (KM)
- Published
- 1986
14. A Comparative Analysis of Recovery Strategies And Their Impact On The USA And Brazil During The Great Depression.
- Author
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Usmani, Muhammed Azhar
- Subjects
GREAT Depression, 1929-1939 ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GROSS domestic product ,ECONOMIC recovery - Abstract
This empirical research paper conducts a comparative analysis of the recovery strategies implemented and their significance on countries with different economic affluence such as the US and Brazil, during the Great Depression. The most significant measures included the New Deal for the US and coffee valorization for Brazil. This study focuses on examining the recovery strategies adopted by these countries and comparing them which is scarce. The hypothesis for this research is: "The more affluent country (US) has more effective recovery strategies than the less affluent country (Brazil)." By shedding light on the differing experiences of 'rich' and 'poor' nations during the Great Depression, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by countries with varying economic statuses. Prior research papers and Figures were used to calculate the rise in GDP of both countries during the 1929-1939 period, which resulted in Brazil having a 44% increase in GDP and the US 40%, proving the hypothesis incorrect. However, this can be attributed to the importance of tailored recovery approaches based on a nation's development level and specific circumstances exhibiting Brazil's massive economic success. However, The US's more general strategies might have broader applicability than Brazil's specific measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. [Between the European past and the American future: two papers about Brazil in the 1930s].
- Author
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Lisboa KM
- Subjects
- Brazil, Europe ethnology, History, 20th Century, Humans, United States, Race Relations history
- Abstract
The article examines the idea of Europe conceived by Stefan Zweig and Hermann Ullmann in the similarly titled books about Brazil written in the late 1930s and early 1940s. In the political context between the great wars marked by the rise of Nazism, the question is posed regarding to what extent Europe continues to serve as a model of civilization and what the critical dimension is that is expressed in concepts reversing the roles of Europe and Brazil. One detects a partial rupture with dichotomous and hierarchical viewpoints about the relationship between the Old World and the New World, and new forms of relationship between these regions within the worldwide context are suggested.
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- 2014
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16. Sustainable Development Policies as Indicators and Pre-Conditions for Sustainability Efforts at Universities: Fact or Fiction?
- Author
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Leal Filho, Walter, Brandli, Luciana Londero, Becker, Deisi, Skanavis, Constantina, Kounani, Aristea, Sardi, Chrysoula, Papaioannidou, Dimitra, Paço, Arminda, Azeiteiro, Ulisses, de Sousa, Luiza Olim, Raath, Schalk, Pretorius, Rudi Wessel, Shiel, Christine, Vargas, Valeria, Trencher, Gregory, and Marans, Robert W.
- Abstract
Purpose: There is a widely held belief that sustainable development (SD) policies are essential for universities to successfully engage in matters related to sustainability, and are an indicator of the extent to which they are active in this field. This paper aims to examine the evidence which currently exists to support this assumption. It surveys a sample of universities in Brazil, Germany, Greece, Portugal, South Africa and the UK and the USA to ascertain the extent to which universities that are active in the field of sustainable development have formal policies on sustainable development, and whether such policies are a pre-condition for successful sustainability efforts. Design/methodology/approach: The study involved 35 universities in seven countries (five universities respectively). A mixed-methods approach has been used, ranging from document analysis, website analysis, questionnaires and interviewing. Findings: Although only 60 per cent of the sampled universities had a policy that specifically addressed SD, this cannot be regarded as an indicator that the remaining 40 per cent are not engaged with substantial actions that address SD. Indeed, all of the universities in the sample, regardless of the existence of a SD formal policy, demonstrated engagement with environmental sustainability policies or procedures in some form or another. This research has been limited by the availability and ability to procure information from the sampled universities. Despite this, it is one of the largest research efforts of this kind ever performed. Research limitations/implications: This research has been limited by the availability and ability to procure information from the sampled universities. Practical implications: The findings provide some valuable insights into the connections between SD policies on the one hand and the practice of sustainable development in higher education institutions on the other. Social implications: Universities with SD policies can contribute to models of economic growth consistent with sustainable development. Originality/value: The study is the one of the largest research efforts of this kind ever performed.
- Published
- 2018
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17. Debate on the paper by Christopher Peterson. The social construction of medical metaphor.
- Author
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Pollock D
- Subjects
- Brazil, Humans, Sociology, United States, Metaphor, Terminology as Topic, Verbal Behavior
- Published
- 1998
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18. Debate on the paper by Christopher Peterson. 'Medical slang'.
- Author
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Flowers NM
- Subjects
- Brazil, Humans, Sociology, United States, Terminology as Topic, Verbal Behavior
- Published
- 1998
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19. Focus: Plant sciences in Korea.
- Author
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Hyung-Taeg Cho
- Subjects
PERIODICALS ,RESEARCH ,PAPER ,SCIENCE - Abstract
The article reflects on the issue on plant science in Korea. It reveals that the theory on country's scientific focus was not transparent to the people involved in the research. It presents an analysis with the participation of top ten countries including Northern America, Europe, Japan, and Australia. It succumbs that the countries in Asia are smaller than those mentioned above with respect to research publication other than Japan. It explains that Korea and China have increased the number of papers being published annually which out put is equaled with Brazil.
- Published
- 2006
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20. Industry News
- Published
- 2006
21. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and related risk factors among bakers: A systematic review.
- Author
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Roveshti, Mehran Maleki, Pouya, Amin Babaei, Pirposhteh, Elham Akhlaghi, Khedri, Behzad, Khajehnasiri, Farahnaz, and Poursadeqiyan, Mohsen
- Subjects
MUSCULOSKELETAL system diseases ,ONLINE information services ,WORK environment ,WORK-related injuries ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,POPULATION geography ,ERGONOMICS ,RISK assessment ,DISEASE prevalence ,MEDLINE ,BIOMECHANICS - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and ergonomic risk factors are very common in bakery workers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to (1) assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among bakers because they use automated machines or traditional baking, and (2) to determine the strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in bakers. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from the beginning to February 4, 2022, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mesh keywords and phrases were used to execute the search strategy. Information on MSDs and ergonomic risk factors in bakery workers was collected. Two reviewers worked independently on study selection, data extraction, and paper quality ranking. RESULTS: This study identified 14 papers from seven countries. Although the prevalence of MSDs in bakery workers has been studied, only a handful of them have been studied ergonomic risk factors, and the findings have been very limited. The association between different risk factors and MSDs seemed significant compared to many other occupational diseases. The traditional bread-baking system and lack of mechanization may increase the risk of MSDs in bakery workers. CONCLUSION: WRMSDs for bakery workers have been less studied than other occupational diseases. Our systematic review found several significant relations between the factors influencing the prevalence of MSDs. This study also showed the comparison of traditional and modern cooking systems with diseases of the upper limbs, shoulders, and back pain as possible fields for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. The Impact of Emerging Technology in Physics over the Past Three Decades
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Binar Kurnia Prahani, Hanandita Veda Saphira, Budi Jatmiko, Suryanti, and Tan Amelia
- Abstract
As humanity reaches the 5.0 industrial revolution, education plays a critical role in boosting the quality of human resources. This paper reports bibliometric research on emerging TiP during 1993-2022 in the educational field to analyse its development on any level of education during the last three decades. This study employed a Scopus database. The findings are that the trend of TiP publication in educational fields has tended to increase every year during the past three decades and conference paper became the most published document type, the USA is the country which produces the most publications; "Students" being the most occurrences keyword and total link strength. The publication of the TiP is ranked to the Quartile 1, which implies that a publication with the cited performance is a publication with credibility because the publisher has a good reputation. Researchers can find the topics most relevant to other metadata sources such as Web of Science, Publish, and Perish.
- Published
- 2024
23. U.S. Timberland Gets Pricey As Big Money Seeks Shelter.
- Author
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Browning, E. S.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *FORESTS & forestry & the environment - Abstract
The article looks at how private partnerships, real-estate investment trusts and other financial investors are snapping up millions of acres of forest land in the United States, New Zealand, Uruguay and Brazil. Such groups are buying giant paper companies such as International Paper Co. According to the author, large paper companies are under pressure to cash in on unused forest land. The author discusses who the selling of unused forest land has both economic and environmental ramifications.
- Published
- 2005
24. Phenotypic Proximity: Colorism and Intraracial Discrimination among Blacks in the United States and Brazil, 1928 to 1988.
- Author
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Dupree-Wilson, Teisha
- Subjects
- *
RACE discrimination , *SOCIAL mobility , *BLACK people , *PHENOTYPES , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *FORM perception , *WHITE supremacy , *WHITE privilege - Abstract
The level of colorism that developed among blacks in the United States (U.S.) and Brazil, during the 20th century, gave rise to intense altitudes of intraracial discrimination. This distinct form of discrimination was based on proximity to whiteness and white privilege. This essay will illustrate how attitudes toward complexion, within the black community, are a direct consequence and perpetual remnant of the white supremacy and racial hierarchy that developed in colonized societies. Colorism manifested itself in different forms in Brazil and in the U.S. However, the level of black-on-black discrimination that it spawned was grounded in the belief that one's immediacy to whiteness created a vehicle for upward mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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25. Delays in Multilateral Trade Negotiations: An Experimental Study.
- Author
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Hankyoung Sung
- Subjects
TRADE negotiation ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
This paper aims to derive policy implications for real trade negotiations from experiments on multilateral legislative bargaining games. The experiment results reveal that the existence of a strong player with veto power could delay the games. Considering the similarity between the games with the veto player and multilateral trade negotiations such as the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), this paper argues that strong countries such as the G-4 (the United States, the European Community, Brazil, and India) may cause delays in the negotiations. Based on experimental findings, this paper suggests group negotiations as a policy option for the DDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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26. Green Buildings, Paper Competition, World Standards Week and More.
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE buildings ,STANDARDS ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
The article offers green buildings industry news briefs. Codes and standards developers are collaborating to align green building documents. Submissions for World Standards Day paper competition are open from July 24, 2015. The American National Standards Institute with Brazil's national standards organization will be developing a portal to support trade between the U.S. and Brazil.
- Published
- 2015
27. Research status and hotspots of social frailty in older adults: a bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2022.
- Author
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Hengxu Wang, Xi Chen, MingXiang Zheng, Ying Wu, and Lihua Liu
- Subjects
DISEASE clusters ,SERIAL publications ,CROSS-sectional method ,COMPUTER software ,HUMAN services programs ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,RESEARCH funding ,FRAIL elderly ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CITATION analysis ,SURVEYS ,MEDICAL research ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SOCIAL networks ,GERIATRIC assessment ,SOCIAL support ,AUTHORS ,PUBLIC health ,DISEASE susceptibility ,DEMENTIA ,PUBLICATION bias ,COOPERATIVENESS ,COVID-19 ,EVALUATION ,OLD age - Abstract
Background: Social Frailty is a significant public health concern affecting the elderly, particularly with the global population aging rapidly. Older adults with social frailty are at significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes such as disability, cognitive impairment, depression, and even death. In recent years, there have been more and more studies on social frailty, but no bibliometrics has been used to analyze and understand the general situation in this field. Therefore, by using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bilioshiny software programs, this study aims to analyze the general situation of the research on social frailties of the older adults and determine the research trends and hot spots. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted by searching relevant literature on the social frailty of the older adults from 2003 to 2022 in the Web of Science core database, using visualization software to map publication volume, country and author cooperation networks, keyword co-occurrences, and word emergence. Results: We analyzed 415 articles from 2003 to 2022. Brazil has the highest number of articles in the field of social frailty of the older adults, and the United States has the highest number of cooperative publications. Andrew MK, from Canada, is the most published and co-cited author, with primary research interests in geriatric assessment, epidemiology, and public health. "Social Vulnerability," "Health," "Frailty," "Mortality," and "Older Adult" are among the research hotspots in this field. "Dementia," "Alzheimer's disease," "Population," and "Covid-19" are emerging research trends in social frailty among the older adults. Conclusion: This scientometric study maps the research hotspots and trends for the past 20 years in social frailty among the older adults. Our findings will enable researchers to better understand trends in this field and find suitable directions and partners for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. Constructing a Learning Curve to Discuss the Medical Treatments and the Effect of Vaccination of COVID-19.
- Author
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Chen, Yi-Tui, Su, Emily Chia-Yu, Hung, Fang Ming, Hiramatsu, Tomoru, Hung, Tzu-Jen, and Kuo, Chao-Yang
- Subjects
PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,INTENSIVE care units ,IMMUNIZATION ,COVID-19 ,CRITICALLY ill ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,REGRESSION analysis ,VACCINATION coverage ,LEARNING ,VACCINE effectiveness ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Acknowledging the extreme risk COVID-19 poses to humans, this paper attempted to analyze and compare case fatality rates, identify the existence of learning curves for COVID-19 medical treatments, and examine the impact of vaccination on fatality rate reduction. Confirmed cases and deaths were extracted from the "Daily Situation Report" provided by the World Health Organization. The results showed that low registration and low viral test rates resulted in low fatality rates, and the learning curve was significant for all countries except China. Treatment for COVID-19 can be improved through repeated experience. Vaccinations in the U.K. and U.S.A. are highly effective in reducing fatality rates, but not in other countries. The positive impact of vaccines may be attributed to higher vaccination rates. In addition to China, this study identified the existence of learning curves for the medical treatment of COVID-19 that can explain the effect of vaccination rates on fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The theory of inertial inflation: a brief history.
- Author
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BRESSER-PEREIRA, LUIZ CARLOS
- Subjects
- *
PRICE inflation , *EFFECT of inflation on unemployment , *SUCCESS - Abstract
This paper is the history of how the theory of inertial inflation was developed in Brazil in the early 1980s, when inflation was very high, much higher than the stagflation that happened in the United States in the previous decade. Perhaps this fact explains why the theory was formulated in Brazil and not in the United States. The main papers and the book that defined the new theory are duly referred. And the author, that in the 1980s and 1990s was a political actor, also tells the history of the application of the theory, the failures and successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A bibliometric analysis of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology: Fifty years of publications.
- Author
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Nath, Sonia, Thomson, William Murray, Baker, Sarah R., and Jamieson, Lisa M.
- Subjects
- *
DATABASES , *INTELLECT , *DENTAL public health , *COMPUTER software , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *CITATION analysis , *POPULATION geography , *SPECIAL days , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *PUBLISHING , *MEDICAL research , *AUTHORS , *HEALTH equity , *ORAL health - Abstract
Objectives: In celebration of the journal's 50th anniversary, the aim of the study was to review the whole collection of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (CDOE) publications from 1973 to 2022 and provide a complete overview of the main publication characteristics. Methods: The study used bibliometric techniques such as performance and science mapping analysis of 3428 articles extracted from the Scopus database. The data were analysed using the 'Bibliometrix' package in R. The journal's scientific production was examined, along with the yearly citation count, the distribution of publications based on authors, the corresponding author's country and affiliation and citation count, citing source and keywords. Bibliometric network maps were constructed to determine the conceptual, intellectual and social collaborative structure over the past 50 years. The trending research topics and themes were identified. Results: The total number of articles and average citations has increased over the years. D Locker, AJ Spencer, A Sheiham and WM Thomson were the most frequently published authors, and PE Petersen, GD Slade and AI Ismail published papers with the highest citations. The most published countries were the United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Canada, frequently engaging in collaborative efforts. The most common keywords used were 'dental caries', 'oral epidemiology' and 'oral health'. The trending topics were healthcare and health disparities, social determinants of health, systematic review and health inequalities. Epidemiology, oral health and disparities were highly researched areas. Conclusion: This bibliometric study reviews CDOE's significant contribution to dental public health by identifying key research trends, themes, influential authors and collaborations. The findings provide insights into the need to increase publications from developing countries, improve gender diversity in authorship and broaden the scope of research themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Quality assurance in health professions education: Role of accreditation and licensure.
- Author
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Amaral, Eliana and Norcini, John
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL standards ,ACCREDITATION ,PROFESSIONAL licenses ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,QUALITY assurance ,OUTCOME-based education ,MEDICAL education - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the major quality assurance strategies, accreditation and licensure, in health professions education. It explores the nature of these regulatory processes using Brazil and the United States as examples because these large systems are at different ends of the developmental continuum. For each, it describes the tensions that arise, offers a critical synthesis of the evidence and maps out future directions. Results: Given wide variability among operating medical schools in curricular design, length of study, resources and facilities for clinical training and supervision, the nature of regulatory bodies varies considerably. Nonetheless, they share tensions related purpose and process including quality assurance versus quality improvement, outcomes versus process and continuous versus episodic evaluations and assessments. Clear evidence of effectiveness, especially for accreditation, is scarce and difficult to obtain, particularly as it relates to health outcomes. Conclusions: Regulatory processes need to be built around clear definitions of the goals for each stage of professional development, the current movement towards competency‐based education and the variable durations of medical education. These changes must motivate revisions in the content and process of programmes for accreditation and licensure, complimentary efforts towards quality of care, and stimulate a significant research effort. The authors use Brazil and the US as case studies to provide an overview of procedures and tensions related to accreditation, licensure and certification for quality assurance in health profession education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Public participation in decision-making on the coverage of new antivirals for hepatitis C.
- Author
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Kieslich, Katharina, Ahn, Jeonghoon, Badano, Gabriele, Chalkidou, Kalipso, Cubillos, Leonardo, Hauegen, Renata Curi, Henshall, Chris, Krubiner, Carleigh B., Littlejohns, Peter, Lu, Lanting, Pearson, Steven D., Rid, Annette, Whitty, Jennifer A., and Wilson, James
- Subjects
ANTIVIRAL agents ,DECISION making ,HEALTH care rationing ,HEPATITIS C ,INSURANCE ,HEALTH insurance ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Purpose - New hepatitis C medicines such as sofosbuvir underline the need to balance considerations of innovation, clinical evidence, budget impact and equity in health priority-setting. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of public participation in addressing these considerations. Design/methodology/approach - The paper employs a comparative case study approach. It explores the experience of four countries - Brazil, England, South Korea and the USA - in making coverage decisions about the antiviral sofosbuvir and involving the public and patients in these decision-making processes. Findings - Issues emerging from public participation ac tivities include the role of the universal right to health in Brazil, the balance between innovation and budget impact in England, the effect of unethical medical practices on public perception in South Korea and the legitimacy of priority-setting processes in the USA. Providing policymakers are receptive to these issues, public participation activities may be re-conceptualized as processes that illuminate policy problems relevant to a particular context, thereby promoting an agenda-setting role for the public. Originality/value - The paper offers an empirical analysis of public involvement in the case of sofosbuvir, where the relevant considerations that bear on priority-setting decisions have been particularly stark. The perspectives that emerge suggest that public participation contributes to raising attention to issues that need to be addressed by policymakers. Public participation activities can thus contribute to setting policy agendas, even if that is not their explicit purpose. However, the actualization of this contribution is contingent on the receptiveness of policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Microteaching Networks in Higher Education
- Author
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Sonia Santoveña-Casal, Javier Gil-Quintana, and José Javier Hueso-Romero
- Abstract
Purpose: Microteaching is a teacher training method based on microclasses (groups of four or five students) and microlessons lasting no more than 5-20 min. Since it was first explored in the late 20th century in experiments at Stanford University, microteaching has evolved at the interdisciplinary level. The purpose of this paper is to examine the networks found via an analytical bibliometric study of the scientific output related with microteaching in teacher training, through a study and examination of the Web of Science database. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted with the VOSviewer tool for content analysis through data mining and scientific network structure mapping by means of the normalisation technique. This technique is based on the association strength indicator, which is interpreted as a measurement of the similarity of the units of analysis. Findings: Two hundred and nine articles were thus obtained from the Web of Science database. The networks generated and the connections among the various items, co-authorship and co-citation are presented in the results, which clearly indicates that there are significant authors and institutions in the field of microteaching. The largest cluster is made up of institutions such as Australian Catholic University. The most often-cited document is by Rich and Hannafin. Allen (1968), who defines microteaching as a technique based on microclasses and microlessons, is the author most often cited and has the largest number of connections. Research limitations/implications: This research's limitations concern either aspects that lie beyond the study's possibilities or goals that have proved unattainable. The second perspective, which focuses on skill transfer, contains a lower percentage of documents and therefore has a weaker central documentary structure. Lastly, the authors have also had to bear in mind the fact that the scientific output hinges upon a highly specific realm, the appearance and/or liberalisation of digital technologies and access to those technologies in the late 20th century. Originality/value: This research shows that microteaching is a promising area of research that opens up vast possibilities in higher education teacher training for application in the realm of technologies. This paper could lead to several lines of future research, such as access to and the universal design of learning from the standpoint of different communication and pedagogical models based on microteaching.
- Published
- 2024
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34. Language, Communication, and the Covid-19 Pandemic: Criticality of Multi-Lingual Education
- Author
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Papia Sengupta
- Abstract
This paper aims at identifying and explaining the correlation between the Covid-19 and multi-lingualism through cross-country research, drawing on three datasets: WHO data on the expanse of the pandemic, UNESCO data on endangered languages, and the LDI (Linguistic Diversity Index). Results establishing a direct correlation between the pandemic and multi-lingualism vary across the countries, except the USA, India, and Brazil. The three countries experiencing the highest global pandemic caseload occupy the top positions in the number of endangered languages and are among the top ten linguistically diverse countries. Drawing from the research findings, the paper addresses the criticality of investing in multi-lingualism and calls for a shift of perspective among policymakers driven by neoliberal rationale towards greater recognition and higher funding for multi-lingual education.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The expected impact of cultivated and plant-based meats on jobs: the views of experts from Brazil, the United States and Europe.
- Author
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Morais-da-Silva, Rodrigo Luiz, Villar, Eduardo Guedes, Reis, Germano Glufke, Sanctorum, Hermes, and Molento, Carla Forte Maiolino
- Subjects
MEAT ,ANIMAL welfare ,FOOD production ,JOB creation ,INCOME - Abstract
Cultivated and plant-based meats are substitutes for conventional animal meat products. As radical innovations, they may trigger profound social and economic changes. Despite the many benefits of alternative meats, such as environmental sustainability, animal welfare, human health and food safety, some unintended consequences remain unexplored in the literature. In this paper, we studied the potential impact of the meat production system transition on jobs. Using a survey, we compared opinions regarding the impact on jobs in Brazil, the United States and Europe, according to alternative protein experts. Our results showed the potential of plant-based and cultivated meat production to create new and higher-skilled jobs. The data analysis also suggested that the impact of novel food production systems on jobs in conventional meat production may be different for each stage of the value chain. In particular, the results showed a pressure point on animal farmers, who may be most affected in a fast transition scenario. Considering the studied geographical contexts, Brazilian professionals were more optimistic about the potential of plant-based and cultivated meat production to create new jobs. Our findings may provide new insights for the development of policies, measures and strategies that promote job creation, skills and income in view of the ongoing transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Interventions to reduce bruxism in children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review and critical reflection.
- Author
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Chisini, Luiz Alexandre, San Martin, Alissa Schmidt, Cademartori, Mariana Gonzales, Boscato, Noéli, Correa, Marcos Britto, and Goettems, Marília Leão
- Subjects
BRUXISM ,CRITICAL thinking ,META-analysis ,MASTICATORY muscles ,TEENAGERS ,LEMON balm ,TRAZODONE ,FLURAZEPAM ,CLINICAL trials ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,AGE distribution ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PATIENT satisfaction ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,RISK assessment ,SEVERITY of illness index ,SEX distribution - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to perform a critical reflection about intervention options for bruxism reduction in children and adolescents. Search was conducted based on the PICO-structured question: "What are the intervention options to reduce bruxism in children/adolescents?". No language, year, or study design restrictions were imposed. Studies reporting interventions to reduce bruxism in children (< 10) and adolescents (10 to 19 years old) were included. Reviews and letters to editors were not included. From 2723 records, 17 papers were included. Included studies were primarily randomized clinical trials performed in Brazil (35.3%) and using different criteria for the diagnosis of bruxism. Reduction in self-reported bruxism and headaches associated with bruxism were observed in studies that used medications (hydroxyzine/trazodone/flurazepam), occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, and psychological and physical therapy interventions. Reduction in Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity was observed with the use of the occlusal splint and in orthodontic interventions. Alternative treatments (medicinal extracts such as Melissa officinalis-L) have shown inconclusive results.Conclusions: Several intervention options are available to inhibit or reduce bruxism activity. The respective indication, contraindications, and side effects of each treatment option must be assessed individually and carefully, taking into account that bruxism is not considered a disorder in otherwise healthy individuals.What is known• Biological and psychological factors have been strongly correlated to the development of bruxism• Bruxism prevalence ranging from 6 to 50% in childrenWhat is new• Reduction in self-reported bruxism and headaches associated with bruxism were observed in studies that used medication (Hydroxyzine/ Trazodone/ Flurazepam), occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, psychological, and physical therapy interventions• A reduction in Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity was observed with the use of the occlusal splint and orthodontic interventions. Alternative treatments (medicinal extracts such as Melissa officinalis L) show inconclusive results in respect of the reduction in bruxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Brazil, the FTAA Process, and US Hegemony in Latin America.
- Author
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Pfeifer, Alberto
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,BRAZILIAN foreign relations - Abstract
This paper aims at analyzing the recent changes in the US foreign doctrine and Brazil’s strategy of international relations under thenew government that took power in January 2003. The U.S. and Brazil agendas and strategies are discussed in light of the FTAA process. Several questions are addressed in the paper, including: How can the ganeda be reconciled to accommodate national interests and at the same time to keep the momentum of the FTAA process? How can US hegemony be accommodated in a more cooperative hemisphere? How does Mercosur fit in with the FTAA project? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
38. On the Widespread Impact of the Most Prolific Countries in Special Education Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
- Author
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Sezgin, Aslihan, Orbay, Keziban, and Orbay, Metin
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the most prolific countries in the field of special education and to discuss the widespread impact of their papers by taking into account the country's h-index. Through a bibliometric analysis, the data were collected in the Web of Science Core Collection category "Education, Special" in the Social Science Citation Index during 2011-2020. The 25 most prolific countries in the field of special education were determined in terms of paper productivity, and it was seen that the leading country was undisputedly the USA (54.42%). Meanwhile, a strong positive correlation was found between the h-index and the number of papers published by the countries (r=0.864). On the other hand, when the ranking in terms of the number of papers was reconfigured by the h-index, it was relatively changed. The possible reasons for this change for the countries with the most changing rankings were discussed by considering some definitive criteria such as the journal quartiles, the percentage of international and domestic, and the percentage of open access papers. This study reports a positive correlation between the quality and quantity in the field of special education for the publications of countries. It has been shown that where the positive correlation deviates, then especially, the journal quartiles, the percentage of international collaboration and the percentage of open access papers have a significant effect. The bibliometric findings may be useful to enrich the discussion about the widespread impact of papers and debate whether the use of h-index is acceptable for cross-national comparisons.
- Published
- 2022
39. Over Three Decades of Data Envelopment Analysis Applied to the Measurement of Efficiency in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
- Author
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Pham Van, Thuan, Tran, Trung, Trinh Thi Phuong, Thao, Hoang Ngoc, Anh, Nghiem Thi, Thanh, and La Phuong, Thuy
- Abstract
The higher education efficiency evaluation model using the data envelopment analysis method has interested many researchers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis on publications extracted from the Scopus database to provide a comprehensive overview of research publications on the measurement of higher education efficiency based on data envelopment analysis: its growth rate, major collaboration networks, the most important and popular research topic. A total of 169 related publications were collected and analyzed from 1988 to 2021. The analysis results show that: Publications published every year have increased sharply in the last six years; The quality of publications is relatively high as publications tend to be published in journals with high-ranking indexes; Countries with the most influence in studies on this topic are: Italy, China, Spain, the USA, and the United Kingdom; Authors with the most influence in this research direction are Agasisti T., Abbott M., Doucouliagos C., Avkiran N.K., and Johnes J.; The research cooperation among countries and among affiliations is not strong. Finally, the paper has provided recommendations for future studies based on the findings.
- Published
- 2022
40. Investigating the value of immersive virtual reality tools for organizational training: An applied international study in the biotech industry.
- Author
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Baceviciute, Sarune, Cordoba, Ainara Lopez, Wismer, Philip, Jensen, Tine Vitved, Klausen, Mikkel, and Makransky, Guido
- Subjects
VIRTUAL reality ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,INDUSTRIES ,LEARNING ,SELF-efficacy ,INTELLECT ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,CORPORATE culture ,BIOTECHNOLOGY ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,VIDEO recording - Abstract
Background: Immersive virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in organizational training interventions. However, few studies have systematically investigated VR compared to standard training methods in actual organizational contexts. Objectives: The focus of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a VR simulation for training professionals in the biotech industry. Aligning training needs to unique media affordances, the study designed an immersive story‐based VR simulation for training customer‐facing employees on a new product and tested it in an international biotech company. Methods: The system was evaluated by comparing its effectiveness to a traditional video presentation with the same content in a randomized between subjects experiment. The sample consisted of 95 employees across three locations: Brazil, Denmark, and USA. Results: The VR simulation group performed better than the video presentation group on the outcomes of conceptual knowledge (d = 0.41) spatial knowledge (d = 0.61), transfer intentions (d = 0.57), enjoyment (d = 1.74), self‐efficacy (d = 0.68), perceived learning (d = 0.89), personal value (d = 0.83), and organizational value (d = 0.82), but no significant difference was found for factual knowledge (d = −0.10). Implications: Results suggest that VR simulations can be effective across cultures in organizational training interventions. VR is specifically effective when the goals of the training are to increase conceptual and spatial understanding as well as enjoyment, and self‐efficacy, but not factual knowledge. Furthermore, employees report higher levels of perceived learning, personal and organizational value and transfer intentions after VR training compared to standard video‐based training. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: Immersive virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in organizational training interventions. This interest has especially surged amid recent global challenges, and the sudden need for companies and employees to adapt to the new remote working conditions.However, few studies have systematically investigated VR compared to standard training methods in actual organizational contexts that include a real‐world scenario and a representative testing sample.Applied research that assesses the outcomes of VR based training in realistic learning and training settings is needed. What their paper adds: We propose and test an interdisciplinary approach that links unique features of VR with training needs and multidimensional outcome measures in an organizational training context within the biotech industry in Brazil, Denmark and USA.The findings suggest that a specifically designed VR tool is superior to a comparable video presentation for the outcomes of spatial and conceptual knowledge acquisition and transfer intentions, but not factual knowledge acquisition.The VR group also reported significantly higher personal value, organizational value, self‐efficacy, perceived learning, and enjoyment compared to the video group. Implications of study findings for practitioners: The results support the value of using VR simulations in organizational training, specifically related to affective outcomes as well as spatial and conceptual knowledge and transfer intentions.The study suggests that it is not the medium of VR, but rather the alignment between the training goals with the instructional methods and the unique affordances of VR that will contribute to better or worse learning outcomes.The article describes how to evaluate the effectiveness of VR tools in applied contexts, suggesting that we have to evaluate the effectiveness of tested content with respect to different outcome variables, which coincide with the training outcomes of a particular organizational context.The project as a whole, can be used as a blueprint for future applied research efforts, exemplifying how to bridge gaps between small‐medium‐enterprises, international corporate companies and academic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. DARK PERSONALITY TRAITS AND THE USE OF SOURCES OF GUIDANCE AT WORK: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND BRAZIL.
- Author
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Mendes Athayde, André Luiz, Torres, Claudio Vaz, and Thomason, Stephanie J.
- Subjects
PERSONALITY ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,UNIVERSITY & college employees ,MULTICULTURAL education ,HUMAN resources departments - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Management / Revista de Administração da UFSM is the property of Brazilian Journal of Management / Revista de Administracao da UFSM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Tobacco growing and tobacco use.
- Author
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Martins-da-Silva, Anderson Sousa, Torales, Julio, Becker, Ruth Francyelle Vieira, Moura, Helena F., Waisman Campos, Marcela, Fidalgo, Thiago M., Ventriglio, Antonio, and Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse ,AGRICULTURE ,INDUSTRIES ,MEDICAL protocols ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SMOKING ,TOBACCO ,AGRICULTURAL laborers - Abstract
Tobacco use is associated with an annual global economic cost of two trillion dollars and mortality of half of its regular users. Tobacco leaf cultivation is the starting point of the tobacco cycle. Tobacco farming employs millions of small-scale tobacco farmers around the globe, most of whom are out growers who rely on the tobacco industry. This paper aims to map the regions of greatest tobacco production globally (i.e., the US, Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, and Zambia) and tobacco use rates in these locations. Smoking rates were higher in those areas, except for India, where important population subgroups reported an upward trend for tobacco smoking. In general, there was a relationship between tobacco farming and tobacco smoking. Tobacco farming may lead to a higher risk of tobacco use and lower adherence to tobacco control policies. Therefore, promoting viable alternative livelihoods for tobacco farmers must have dual benefits. Additionally, specific health prevention policies might be necessary for those populations reporting higher tobacco use and lower perception of tobacco-related health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Exploring lean construction practice, research, and education.
- Author
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Alves, Thaís da C.L., Milberg, Colin, and Walsh, Kenneth D.
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION industry ,LEAN management ,ORGANIZATIONAL learning ,CONSTRUCTION management - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the history of dissemination and use of lean concepts in construction and potential challenges for continued use, as application of lean concepts transitions from a small group of first adopters to an industry-wide community. Design/methodology/approach – Using insights obtained from a meeting with industry practitioners, literature review, and published cases in which different approaches were used to disseminate lean production/construction, evidence is presented that supports these challenges. Findings – The authors identify three challenges facing lean construction (LC) practitioners, researchers, and educators. One challenge is lean has many meanings (whether denoted or connoted) when applied to construction. Another challenge is to have academics constantly working with industry practitioners to keep working on the adaptation of concepts/systems and not only tools. The third challenge is that without a sustained effort to engage people in meaningful learning experiences, LC may be viewed as a fad in the construction industry. Research limitations/implications – The discussion presents the authors' interpretation of facts and existing literature reviewed to support the arguments made. Moreover, while the literature reviewed addresses sources from different parts of the world, the preponderance of the authors' research activities and experience are limited to two countries, Brazil and the USA. Practical implications – In the face of overwhelming interest in lean by the construction industry, research on effective methods for disseminating lean concepts is overdue. Social implications – By partnering with industry practitioners who are already implementing LC or want to start the journey, academics have access to projects (labs in the real world) and can bring back to the classroom examples to educate future generations of professionals who can push for changes in the industry. This partnership also helps the validation of experiments regarding LC implementation, as data can be collected and analyzed in a scientific way, and can be documented for dissemination within the industry. Originality/value – The paper discusses challenges related to the evolution of LC in the industry, with the aim of forming a basis for an informed discussion on how to promote sustained and informed learning in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Valuing switching options in international grain marketing.
- Author
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Johansen, Stephan and Wilson, William
- Subjects
GRAIN marketing ,EXPORT marketing ,COMMODITY futures ,VERTICAL integration ,ELEVATORS - Abstract
An important strategy for commodity trading firms is geographical diversification through acquisitions and greenfield development, often justified with the quest for multiple origins. This strategy can be interpreted as a "switching option" which tend to be undervalued using traditional valuation techniques. This paper develops a stochastic binomial real options model to value networks of export elevators. It is applied to soybean trading for shipments from ports in the United States, Brazil, and Ukraine. The paper estimates the value of the option of being able to switch origins in export trade. This option value is substantial and is determined partly by margin distributions and correlations among these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Authority, Organization, and Societal Context in Multinational Churches.
- Author
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Nelson, Reed E.
- Subjects
AUTHORITY in religion ,INTERNATIONAL organization ,RELIGIOUS institutions ,CHURCH -- Social aspects ,BUREAUCRACY ,INSTITUTIONAL theory (Sociology) ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology research ,PENTECOSTAL churches - Abstract
While most research on authority in organizations has been limited to rational-legal bureaucracies, this paper reviews Weber's three pure types of legitimate authority—rational-legal, traditional, and charismatic—and explores the relationship between authority type, organizational form, societal environment, and organizational outcomes for three multinational churches. The paper compares and contrasts the Christian Congregations, the Assemblies of God, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS or Mormon) in the U.S. and Brazil, each denomination typifying a different Weberian type of authority but coexisting in the same social and institutional environment. Implications of these cases for both Weberian and institutional theory are then developed, and propositions are advanced that might be used in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Pulp giant looks to U.S. market.
- Author
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M.D.
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,ASSET backed financing ,FINANCE - Abstract
Reports on Brazil-based Aracruz Celulose SA's plans for a $200 million export receivables deal to the United States in 1997. Aracruz's private $120 million deal via Merrill Lynch; Strength of the Brazilian wood pulp industry in active asset-backed issue sources; Aracruz's plans for a big expansion in the fourth quarter of 1997.
- Published
- 1997
47. Voice picking: analysis of critical factors through a case study in Brazil and the United States.
- Author
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Azanha, Adrialdo, Vivaldini, Mauro, Pires, Silvio R. I., and Camargo Junior, João Batista de
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC voice alteration ,DISCOURSE analysis ,WAREHOUSE management - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the difficulties encountered in the implementation of a voice picking system at a large multinational company of the tractor industrial segment, outlining a comparison related to the main critical factors concerning the system implementation at a Brazilian and a USA plant. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology utilised was qualitative and exploratory conducted through case studies in the two plants of the multinational company. The main data were collected through interviews with key managers directly involved in the project of voice picking system implementation. Findings – The results indicate that the picking processes in the two plants were similar, since both were designed for the production line and conducted using bar-code readers and paper lists. Nevertheless, the internal warehousing process in the USA was more mature and computerised, whereas the Brazilian process still had opportunity for improvement, such as, the visual storage process, where the operator was responsible for locating an empty position. Research limitations/implications – Since this research is an exploratory case study, its results cannot be generalised. Practical implications – The paper provides relevant practical information and experiences to managers interested in implementing voice picking systems, as well as interested in improving the accuracy and productivity of logistics processes within warehouses. Originality/value – The voice picking systems are more widespread in the USA than in Brazil, and therefore, companies around the world can use this studied case to better understand about the voice picking systems implementation process in both emerging and mature marketplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. MOOC Learner Behaviors by Country and Culture; an Exploratory Analysis
- Author
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Liu, Zhongxiu, Brown, Rebecca, Lynch, Collin F., Barnes, Tiffany, Baker, Ryan, Bergner, Yoav, and McNamara, Danielle
- Abstract
The advent of Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) has led to the availability of large educational datasets collected from diverse international audiences. Little work has been done on the impact of cultural and geographic factors on student performance in MOOCs. In this paper, we analyze national and cultural differences in students' performance in a large-scale MOOC. We situate our analysis in the context of existing theoretical frameworks for cultural analysis. We focus on three dimensions of learner behavior: course activity profiles; quiz activity profiles; and most connected forum peer or "best friends." We conclude that countries or associated cultural clusters are associated with differences in all three dimensions. These findings stress the need for more research on the internationalization in online education and greater intercultural awareness among MOOC designers.
- Published
- 2016
49. LINKING SPIRITUALITY TO WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE BRAZILIAN CANDOMBLE.
- Author
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Miles, Angela K., Sledge, Sally, and Coppage, Samuel
- Subjects
SPIRITUALITY ,CORPORATE culture ,EMPLOYEES ,SPIRITUAL life ,WORK environment - Abstract
Spirituality has long been an influential force in the lives of many people. Although first quietly ignored in western business settings, the influence of spirituality has recently been a topic of heightened interest to managers and scholars in a large number of countries including the United States. However, in Bahia, Brazil, the fundamentals of spirituality have always been clear and an integral part of the community. As a result, most workplaces in the Bahia region exhibit many indications of the underlying spiritual nature of those employed there. A major component of Brazilian spirituality is the Candomble - religious traditions originating in western Africa. This paper examines the influence of the Brazilian Candomble on workers in Bahia. Organizational and managerial reflections are offered for managers around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Bicameralism and the Dynamics of Lawmaking in Brazil.
- Author
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Hiroi, Taeko
- Subjects
- *
BICAMERALISM , *POLITICAL science , *LEGISLATIVE bodies , *DEMOCRACY ,UNITED States politics & government ,BRAZILIAN politics & government - Abstract
What explains the dynamics of lawmaking? Many researchers have argued that bicameralism is a key institution that increases legislative delay and gridlock. However, there is virtually no research to date on the effects of bicameralism in recently democratized countries. The existing work on bicameralism focuses on the U.S. presidential system and European parliamentary systems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, taking Brazil as a case, the determinants of the dynamics of lawmaking in a nascent presidential bicameral democracy. In legislative research, surprisingly little work exists that examines lawmaking itself except when individual pieces of legislation are analyzed as case studies. Instead, much of influential quantitative legislative research both in American and comparative legislative studies have focused either on legislative behavior, usually analyzing patterns of roll call voting or on the propensity for gridlock at the aggregate level. In this paper, I take individual bills as a unit of analysis and examine how various legislative rules, preferences of the two chambers, and environments that shift over time affect legislative timings and outcomes in the Brazilian Congress. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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