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The present study aimed to evaluate bioactive potential and activities of the methanolic extracts of four selected Dianthus species growing in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dianthus sylvestris, Dianthus giganteus, Dianthus deltoides, Dianthus petraeus). Aerial parts of investigated Dianthus species were collected at the full flowering stage and used for the analysis. The total phenolic contents and total flavonoid of plant extracts were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent and aluminum chloride calorimetric assay, respectively. DPPH methods was employed to determine the antioxidant potential. The flower methanolic Dianthus deltoides extract showed the highest values of total phenolic content (65,78 mgGAE/gDW) followed by flower methanolic Diantus sylvestris extract (61,76 mgGAE/gDW). A similar trend was observed with the content of total flavonoids, where the methanol extracts of the flower had a higher content compared to the vegetative part (stem and leaf). All examined extracts of all four species of the genus Dianthus showed strong antioxidant properties with a statistically lower antioxidant capacity of the extract of the vegetative part of the species D. deltoides. However, for the same species, the lowest IC50 value was recorded for the flower extract (0.18 mg/ml), i.e. the strongest antioxidant effect. D. deltoides and D. sylvestris extracts showed significant differences between the IC50 values of the flower extract and the extract of the vegetative part of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic role of this paper is the representation of the new emerging subculture among the Bosnian youth population, and that is hookah bars. This paper presents some theoretical depictions of hookahs in popular culture, definitions of subcultural trends and the connections formulated between hookahs and subcultures, but this paper also relied on a descriptive research, a survey which analyzed the notion of whether or not hookah bars are the new subculture in Bosnia. The paper concludes that hookahs can be perceived as a phenomenon heading towards a subculture, as well as the idea that hookah bars remain a fashionable part of young people's lives in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anali Pravnog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici is the property of Anali Pravnog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is the first report on the mtDNA profile of human settlements of the Konjuh and Majevica mountains of northeastern Bosnia. The aims of this study were: a) determination of mitochondrial genetic structure of populations of the Konjuh and Majevica mountains of northeastern Bosnia; b) detection of trace of ancient of mtDNA variations; and c) assessment of genetic relations with other Bosnian and Herzegovina populations and neighboring populations from the Balkan region. The genetic structure of populations of Konjuh and Majevica is shaped by western Eurasian maternal signals, which may trace their ancestry to the Paleolithic, pre-Neolithic and Neolithic. Especially interesting is the feature of the Neolithic expansion in this area. This applies especially to the presence of the pre-Neolithic lineages HV*and N1a in northeastern Bosnia, which can indicate an early settlement of this region of Bosnia by pre-Neolithic populations from the Middle East. This region abounds with resources of salt sites, which might suggest in favor of the thesis that the early-Neolithic colonists needed a safe source of salts so as to settle in the Balkan area. The populations of mountains of northeastern Bosnia indicate elements of the local population history, but they do not show strict genetic closure in relation to the neighboring populations of the Balkans. This may be a consequence of the population size, degree of geographic isolation and events of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Studies indicate the complex nature of the genetic structure of the European Roma which has been shaped by different effects of their demographic history, while preserving their ancestral Indian origin. The primary aims of this study were to present for the first time the paternal profiles of the Roma from Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the data from Y‐chromosome STR loci, identify the components of non‐Roma paternal gene flow into the Roma, and evaluate the genetic relationships with other European Roma populations. Materials and methods: In this study, 110 DNA samples of unrelated males from Roma populations residing in different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were genotyped using the 23 Y‐STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y23 system. Results: The analysis of the genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma revealed intra‐country population substructuring and indicated differing genetic affinities between the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma and other European Roma populations. The paternal genetic structure of the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma has two components: an ancestral component represented by haplogroup H1a1a‐M82, and European component presented by haplogroups I1‐M253, I2a1a2b‐L621, J2a1a‐L26, J2a1a1a2b2a3~Z7671, J2b2a‐M241, G2a2b2a1a1b‐L497, and E1b1b‐M215. Conclusion: Genetic relations between the Bosnian‐Herzegovinian Roma and other European Roma are shaped by different influences on their demographic history. The data suggest that the paternal gene pool of the Roma from Bosnia and Herzegovina might be a consequence of an early separation of the proto‐Roma population and the later gene flow as well as factors of the isolation that accompany the Roma populations in some Bosnian‐Herzegovinian regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, when operating in an unstable market, organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) are also facing a continuous outflow of qualified employees to the countries of the European Union. In order to properly respond to the challenges from the environment, the organizations in BiH are forced to take adequate measures so as to become competitive in the market, which may prove to be difficult if they do not retain skilled workforce. This paper attempts to show that by implementing appropriate human resource management (HRM) practices and policies, organizations in BiH can affect employee organizational commitment, which will result not only in market survival but also in increased competitiveness, as the experience of the organizations in the surrounding countries shows that human resources is what gives these companies a competitive advantage. The paper aimed at examining the impact of characteristics, organizational characteristics, and HRM practices focused on performance appraisal, job security, employee participation, and career planning on employee organizational commitment in BiH companies with more than 50 employees in four sectors. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 128 companies. The results show that when it comes to employee organizational commitment, HRM practices and policies bear more importance than demographic and organizational characteristics and that there is a statistically significant positive impact of HRM practices and policies on employee organizational commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper named Early Byzantine armored lamellae from the Gradina in Biograci near Široki Brijeg, the subject of determination and identification are the remains of lamellar armor found in 1969/1970 at the Late Antique site of Gradina in Biograci. A part of the armored lamellae from Biograci was published in the work of Irma Čremošnik in 1989, where they were identified as part of a military belt, respectively a fitting for a belt. Identification of materials as armor lamellae was performed on the basis of analogies of lamellae or whole lamella armor from geographically nearest localities such as Kranj v Lajh in Slovenia and Svetinja in Serbia, but there are also some typological similarities of these lamellae with the same material found at Gradac on Ilinjača near Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to the basic issue of identification, special accent is placed on the issue of dating lamellae from Biograci. So far, about a hundred parts or whole lamellar armor has been found throughout Europe from the Caucasus in the east to Spain in the west. All are mostly dated to the second half of the 6th and the7th century, when lamellae armor was introduced into Byzantine military equipment and among the Germans and Avars because of a change in war tactics. Due to its convenient position, Gradina on Biograci was constantly inhabited from prehistoric times to the developed Middle Ages which influenced the mixing of Roman and late antique materials and made it difficult to identify and date this material during excavations. According to some authors, lamellar armor of the second half of the 6th century is considered an elite military equipment and thus a status symbol. Their appearance on Biograci is a rare and unique find in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s early byzantine site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Works of the Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo is the property of Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, knowing load profiles of different customers in electricity market-oriented operation of power system is very important. Smart metering system provides more than enough information about it. However, even if there is a load measurement on each customer in the system, it is economically unjustified and it is time consuming to conduct a detailed analysis each of them. In this study, unlike literature approaches, the different industrial load profiles are observed. The fuzzy c-means clustering is applied to get typical load curves representing different type of industry. For that purpose, the detailed statistical analysis and calculations of load shape factors of the industrial customers for different period of the year have been carried out. Customer's 15-min load was collected by developing Advanced Metering Infrastructure in the power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to available data, statistical analysis and applied fuzzy c-means clustering, three typical load profiles for different industrial customers are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study offers the first report on variation sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (MT-CYTB) gene in populations from Bosnia (northeastern Bosnia). This study was designed on the analysis of the genetic diversity of two populations of different cultural-anthropological and genetic origin, Roma population and native/non-Roma population. The main aim of our study was to estimate the usefulness of the CYTB sequence in the analysis of genetic categorization of different populations and intergroup diversity, as well as to provide some additional information on haplogroup-associated polymorphisms within the CYTB region in defining haplogroup status. Estimation of the genetic diversity was done using intra and intergroup genetic indices. The population-specific polymorphisms have been found in both categories of the populations. The results of the analysis of genetic differentiation show significant pairwise Fst differences between the Romani and native populations. Also, registered significant genetic differentiation is illustrated on the level of genetic variation between subpopulations of the Roma and non-Roma origin. The important result in our study is the confirmation of the significance of the triad of polymorphisms T14783C-G15043A-G15301A, indicating the influence of Asian component of the maternal gene pool on the genetic structure of the studied population of the Roma. Our data show that the haplogroup polymorphisms exist in the CYTB region and can provide useful information on the haplogroups that were defined only by the control region of the mtDNA. The results of this study indicate the region of CYTB gene can be a benefit in providing some additional information in the analysis of genetic structure of human populations and can be additionally applied in population studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous development of information technologies has changed the way in which education is organized. Students are now more likely to choose e-learning in order to achieve better results during their studies. To examine the influence of e-learning application on academic success, the study inspected multidimensional relationships in e-learning. The research is directed towards improvement of students' academic success. The research was conducted on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), and for that purpose a random sample was used. Data from students were collected through a questionnaire while hypotheses were proven with the help of the structural equation model (SEM). Results have shown that metacognitive strategies and computer self-efficacy have a direct significant influence on academic success, while the set goals do not directly influence academic success. In addition to that, this research has proved that online environment and social interactions with other participants play a significant role in the achievement of academic success. The results obtained in this research will help higher education institutions improve their e-learning strategies and implementation efforts. Furthermore, the used research model contributes to the improvement of understanding of e-learning, both in practice and in theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic archeological excavations of Gradina in Biograci near Lištica, which were carried out during 1969 and 1971 under the leadership of Irma Čremošnik, put a very valuable archeological site on the archeological map of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the research of that time, Biograci was primarily interpreted as a Roman fortification and a high-altitude settlement with an Avar-Slavic phase. Only a recent revision of the material in the Classical Antiquity collection of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina noticed material that was redefined and dated to the early Byzantine period and the Migration period. From the extremely diverse material from this site with a very wide dating, and thus a long continuity of settlement, the finding of a fragmented cheek flaps-paragnatids from the Baldeinheim type helmet stands out.2 The paper is exclusively dedicated to the professional and scientific processing of the bronze sheet metal plate with traces of gilding, which, in comparison with the complete findings of helmets of this type, was identified as part of the paragnatide helmet of the Baldeinheim type. Geographically, the closest sites to Biograci with complete or almost complete helmets of this type are Vid-Bedemi in Narona near Metković, Batajnica in Srijem, Heraclea Lyncestis near Bitola, Zidani Gaber nad Mihovim i Rifnik pri Šetjurju. The appearance of the so-called western group of helmets known as Baldeinheim-type helmets during the Migration period is an extremely rare find at archeological sites, while no helmet of this type has been found at archeological sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka / Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was based on the analysis of mtDNA polymorphisms in three ethnic groups of Tuzla Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs). The main aim of this study was to analyze the influences of the maternal gene flow on the genetic profile of ethnic groups. The analysis of mtDNA variation based on relevant restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in combination with HVSI variations of the control region enabled the identification of the Western-Eurasian haplogroups (H, I, J, T, W, U, HV, HVO, K, V, X), African/Near East lineages N1a and Asian haplogroup M. Our data indicate a close gene similarity among maternal gene pools of the ethnic groups of Tuzla Canton as well as similar influence of the maternal gene flow on genetic structure of those populations. The presence of important maternal determinants of the Late Glacial expansion (U5a), postglacial re-colonisation of Europe from refugia of southwestern Europe (H, V, U5b1), central-eastern European Plain (U4), Italian Peninsula (U5b3) and Neolithic expansion (U3, N1a, J, T) was noted in the genetic structure of the ethnic groups in Tuzla Canton. Conclusions in our study are consistent with the results of previous studies based on the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome haplogroups in three main ethnic groups of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, suggesting similar effects of the paternal and maternal gene flows on genetic structure of the three main ethnic groups of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to continuous and radical changes in the contemporary business environment, companies now need to search for new modalities for a strategic positioning in the global market. New ways are sought to build and preserve competitive advantages, thus recognising that knowledge and learning are the key factors of success in the new economy. As a consequence, there is a need to give an ever-growing importance to human resource management in modern companies. Employees and their knowledge are the cornerstone of building competitive advantages only if their performance is at a desired level, which indicates that job performance management is one of the important managerial tasks. Employee performance is influenced by a multitude of factors, most of which are related to job design. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the dimensions of organisational structure as an important determinant of job design in the companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The research covered 120 BiH companies, taking into account territorial and business dispersion. The main results of the research are reflected in the understanding of the relationship between the number of employees and the size of company, as well as in the fact that the increase in the number of employees in the company results in the decrease of the number of employees with a university degree compared to employees with high school degree. It should be emphasised in particular that the results of this paper show that within the analysed companies in BiH, the most frequent is the functional organisational structure and that BiH companies are dominated by a bureaucratic/mechanical job design approach that has a negative effect on the achievement of employees' work performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents linear and goal programming optimization models for determining and analyzing the food basket in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in terms of adequate nutritional needs according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards and World Bank (WB) recommendations. A linear programming (LP) model and goal linear programming model (GLP) are adequate since price and nutrient contents are linearly related to food weight. The LP model provides information about the minimal value and the structure of the food basket for an average person in BiH based on nutrient needs. GLP models are designed to give us information on minimal deviations from nutrient needs if the budget is fixed. Based on these results, poverty analysis can be performed. The data used for the models consisted of 158 food items from the general consumption of the population of BiH according to COICOP classifications, with average prices in 2015 for these products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper estimates Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate (ERER) using co-integration methodology to observe relationship between Real Exchange Rate (RER) and selected economic fundamental variables over two different sample periods. Time period of observation influences results and we observe change in signs and direction of relationship between fundamentals and RER suggesting that fundamentals and RER do not have a stable relationship and direction of influence. The findings suggest that RER is not a significant transmission mechanism for real economy towards achieving external balance as RER depreciation is not associated with an improvement in resource balance. Therefore, RER does not have a postulated relationship with resource balance variable. More appreciated RER is associated with an improvement in the external balance of the BH economy which is opposite of an expected role of RER depreciation in brining economy towards external equilibrium. However, pressures on RER sustainability exist due to negative resource balance. Potential disequilibria therefore could not be caught with the existing data which cover the post-war period only, and were marked by continuous negative resource balances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a perfectly integrated market local demand has no impact on the formation of market price, since changes in local demand cause price equalization in the market through efficient allocation of resources (Pareto efficiency). Information is crucial to market performance and integration as market agents cannot explore arbitrage opportunities in its absence. This paper tests the impact of introduction of agricultural market information system (via SMS service which provides information on prices of agricultural items in different markets) on observed degree of market integration in agro-food market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), pre and post the service. Degree of market integration is measured as the extent that local demand has on formation of prices in the market pre and post introduction of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) service. The methodology assumed tests the Law of One Price, while taking into account transportation costs and concludes that introduction of the ICT service in agro-food market in Bosnia &Herzegovina has increased the level of market integration. It is shown that the impact of the local demand onto formation of the local market price has decreased after the introduction of the ICT service. The results suggest that ICT may have a significant role in tackling information asymmetry and consequently promote market integration. This is a pilot assessment that covered only 16 months of daily price, so for the purpose of drawing conclusions with additional precision, it must be noted that there exists a need to broaden the study further to cover larger period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the influence of macroeconomic indicators, namely GDP growth, the Consumer Price Index and the unemployment rate on the quality of loan repayments by households in the banking market of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Potential influence is observed over a period of fourteen years at the level of nonperforming household loans using regression analysis. The authors aim to determine whether macroeconomic forces actually influence loan repayment, and if so how and what can be done by banks to utilize this information in order to reduce future credit losses, and by the government to maintain the stability of the banking sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study is the first report on the mtDNA diversity in the Roma population from Bosnia. The main aim of this study was to analyse the mtDNA diversity in the studied population, evaluate the genetic relations with other European Roma populations, and analyse the influences of the Roma gene flow on the mitochondrial profile of the Roma from northeastern Bosnia. MtDNA variability in the analysed population has been studied by means of hypervariable segment I and II (HVSI/II) of the control region sequencing and analysis of restriction fragment-length polymorphisms of the coding region. Our results show that genetic structure of the Roma from northeastern Bosnia has a combination of lineages of three main layers: specific founder of Indian origin (M5a1 and M35b) and founder non-M lineages of Indian/European origin (H7a, X2b and X2d) and lineages of European/Middle East origin (H, H1, H11a, V, T2b, K1b and W). The distribution of the haplogroups in the gene pool of the comparative European Roma populations indicates the separate origin of the Bosnian Roma and the Bulgarian Vlax and Croatian Vlax Roma. The data suggest that mitochondrial gene pool of the Roma population from northeastern Bosnia might be a consequence of early parting and the later different migration routes that are part of their demographic history. Our data confirm the high genetic heterogeneity of the Roma populations that can be shaped by effects of genetic drift, isolation and low effective population size, and this correlates with the migratory history of the Roma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates current and planned investments in new power plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina and impact of these investments on the energy sector, CO2 emission, and internationally committed targets for electricity from renewable sources up to year 2020. Bosnia and Herzegovina possesses strong renewable energy potential, in particular hydro and biomass. However, the majority of energy production is conducted in outdated power plants and based on fossil fuels, resulting in environment pollution. The new major investments - Stanari Thermal plant (300 MW) and Block 7 (450 MW) at the Thermal Plant Tuzla are again focused on fossil fuels. The power sector is also highly dependent on the hydrology as 54% of current capacities are based on large hydro power. In order to investigate how the energy system of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be affected by these investments and hydrology, the EnergyPLAN model was used. Based on the foreseen demand for the year 2020, several power plants construction and hydrology scenarios have been modelled to cover a range of possibilities that may occur. This includes export orientation of Stanari plant, impact of wet, dry and average year, delayed construction of Tuzla Block 7, constrained construction of hydro power plants, and retirement of thermal units. It can be concluded that energy system can be significantly affected by delayed investments but in order to comply with renewables targets Bosnia and Herzegovina will need to explore the power production from other renewable energy sources as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will examine the process of state-building in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with particular focus on exploring the domestic and international constraints to sovereignty. The main purpose is to demonstrate the prevailing issues and obstacles to state-consolidation that continue to shape Bosnia's political reality. I argue that despite extensive executive powers of the High Representative and the intrusive nature of his mandate, main constraints to sovereignty in BiH are self-inflicted. Competing ethno-nationalist narratives and ambitions that dominate the political scene are examined in the context of the EU conditionality and reveal that the lack of reconciliation and consensus among citizens pose the greatest risk to the success of the whole state-building project in BiH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological revolution (especially in the field of information and communications technology) and globalization are the key factors in shaping the new competitive landscape which is characterized by hypercompetition, increasing consumer demands and increasing demands for innovation, knowledge and learning. Modern enterprises along with the emerging business environment must appropriately adjust, and one of the preconditions for their successful adaptation is also the choice of an appropriate organizational design. Organizational structure, as the most important element of organizational design, is there today to provide companies with propulsion of internal and external borders. Consequently, the analysis of recent trends in the design of the organization in the context of adapting the enterprise global dynamic environment is one of the goals of this paper. In addition, this study will also include the results of the empirical study whose purpose was, among other things, the identification and analysis of the dominant type of organizational structure of the enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of this research will demonstrate the extent to which the structure of these companies is in accordance with the new trends in the field of organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1995 Dayton peace talks, the status of Brčko, a small town in northeast Bosnia, became a new source of tension which threatened to put the peace agreement on hold. Both entities, Republika Srpska (RS) and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) agreed that the final status should be decided by international arbitration. The tribunal's decision was that Brčko would belong both to the FBiH and the RS simultaneously and at the same time put under international supervision. Years after being considered a remarkably successful example of post-war transformation and peacebuilding Brčko District is now regarded as an anomaly of the already flawed Bosnian political system. It continues to be one of the most disputed zones in the country and the status of this hybrid condominium is challenging the sustainability of the political system as a whole. This paper seeks to summarize the recent developments surrounding the status of Brčko District as well as to explore the wider context of governancein Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper will further focus on defining relations between entities and Brčko District and the way they contribute to already permanent political deadlock in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To report the incidence of endophthalmitis following the use of intravitreal injection of anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF) therapy. Methods In this retrospective study a total of 986 intravitreal bevacizumab injections were applied between January 2008 and April 2015 at the University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Since January 2012, a total of 55 intravitreal ranibizumab injections were applied and since October 2014, 60 intravitreal aflibercept injections were applied to patients. Results Two cases of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of bevaciuzumab occurred and none after ranibizumab or aflibercept. The overall incidence of clinical endophtahlmitis was 0.2%. Conclusion The results suggest that a low rate of endophthalmitis can be achieved by means of a protocol. This is a very important study as it is the first of this kind in B&H that documents the incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal application. Currently, bevacizumab in B&H is most frequently used intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor due to very low price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is focused on the process of evaluating performance of employees. Special emphasis has been put on possible errors that may impair the objectivity of the outcome of this process. The purpose of implementing this process lies in identifying potential employees, providing information that can serve as a basis for human resource planning, forming a basis for assessing the effectiveness of the process of professional selection, establishing training needs and planning employees' training, reinforcing the motivation of employees at work, etc. However, due to inadequate structure of the system of performance evaluation, there appears to be a list of various errors that limit their objectivity. Hence, the purpose of this study is to indicate the possible sources of errors and mistakes in evaluating the performance, with special emphasis put on empirical research conducted in this field in the sector of public administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bosniaca is the property of National & University Library of Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Population genetic studies have shown that the Bosnian-Herzegovinian (B&H) population is a part of the European gene pool, but there has been limited information on the genetic structure of ancient B&H populations. This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups for a medieval Bosnian population. Thirty-four samples, excavated from medieval necropolises located within the borders of medieval Bosnia, were analyzed. Sequencing of the mtDNA hypervariable segment 1 (HVS1) region and RFLP analysis were performed for haplogroup determination. All 32 samples were identified as haplogroup H, with subhaplogroups H2a and H5 in 30 and 2 samples, respectively. The frequency of the H haplogroup was significantly different between the studied samples and previous studies of contemporary B&H populations, where the H haplogroup frequency was approximately half that of the ancient population studied here. A significant difference in H haplogroup frequency compared with other medieval populations outside of Bosnia was also observed: the ancient B&H population is most similar to ancient Italians. These results provide insight into the mitochondrial landscape of populations that inhabited the territory of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages. Our study reveals that inhabitants of medieval Bosnia carried genetic lineages that exist today in B&H populations, suggesting continuity of mtDNA haplogroups over a long period of time, regardless of various historical demographic events that shaped the genetic structure of the modern B&H population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), scholars and practitioners often cite the lack of shared narrative as a primary challenge to long-term peace. A study of the multi-ethnic, collaborative story-telling work of the Post Conflict Research Centre (PCRC), a Bosnian peacebuilding organization, however, tells a different story. Instead of aiming to forge a singular narrative, PCRC weaves together multiple stories that express complex positions while driving narrative frames that show peace is possible. In a context where actors might not be ready for a joint narrative, the organization demonstrates how plural stories can co-exist, and be strategically mobilized and disseminated through diverse formats to actively engage others in peace-building processes. Identifying key narrative principles, tactics and frames employed by PCRC, this article proposes more attention is paid to how narrative can be strategically harnessed to de-stabilize the stories that drive entrenched division and to foster and cultivate a culture of peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates narrative strategies in the prose and poetic works of several female writers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus is on Elma Porobić, Lejla Kalamujić, Adisa Bašić, Tanja Stupar Trifunović, Emina Žuna, Maja Ručević and Dijala Hasanbegović. The works examined include three short story collections, three novels and one book of narrative poems. The paper will highligth the innovative character of the themes and styles which this pleiade of female writers has introduced into contemporary B&H literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anali Pravnog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici is the property of Anali Pravnog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article develops a new conceptual framework to understand silence and silencing with regard to conflict-related sexual violence against men. Based on fieldwork data from Bosnia–Herzegovina, it argues that rather than the silence of victims, the problem is that survivor testimonies are coopted and entextualized, and that male vulnerabilities remain inaudible. This process reinforces ignorance about male-directed sexual violence and helps to maintain the dominant view that masculinity and vulnerability are mutually exclusive. To illustrate the point, it examines two spaces where male survivors have told their stories in Bosnia–Herzegovina: the courts and the detainee associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Militaria Mediaevalia is the property of Historical Museum in Sanok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim To establish the prevalence of refractive errors in preschool and school children between 4 and 15 years of age, living in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods Children from all elementary schools in the city of Tuzla and as well from eight day-care centres were screened for refractive errors in the period 2015-2019. Any child, who failed to pass the screening examination, was referred to an ophthalmologist for complete ophthalmological evaluation. The obtained data were analysed using non-parametric statistics. Results The highest number of children who were tested after the screening process was during 2015. A total of 7415 children (3790 males and 3625 females), in the age range of 4-15 were screened. In the total sample of children who were completely evaluated (n=145; 290 eyes) the most common refractive error was astigmatism, in 152 (52.4%) eyes. In the preschool children (n=18; 36 eyes), the most common refractive error was astigmatism, in 19 (52.8%) eyes, followed by hyperopia, in 9 (25%) eyes. In the school children (n=127) (254 eyes), the most common refractive error was astigmatism, in 133 (52.4%) eyes, followed by myopia, in 92 (36.2%) eyes. The overall prevalence of refractive errors was 1.95% (145 with refractive error out of 7415 screened). Conclusion Prevalence of refractive errors is high enough to justify a school eye screening programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Godisnjak / Yearbook is the property of Academy of Sciences & Arts of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Center for Balkan Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition to a historical overview of development of stećak tombstones, this paper also includes their overview in a catalog form, containing individual descriptions with photographs. Stećak tombstones located in the National Museum were declared a movable property by the Decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, adopted at its 30th session, held on June 26, 2019, entitled: Collection of Ancient and Medieval Stone Monuments at the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The memory of the experience of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) is a phenomenon strongly present in contemporary literature. The subject of my interest is the specificity of women's memory, which is characterized primarily by anti- war and anti- military discourse, which is a fundamental feature of women's writing about the war, breaking the patriarchal code (statement by Swietlana Aleksijewicz). A notable feature of women's creativity in BiH is that the memory of war is revealed in it in two fundamentally different ways: 1. a direct description of war experiences and experiences is usually visible in the texts of the authors of the older generation (Alma Lazarevska; Jasmina Musabegović, Jasna Šamić, Nermina Kurspahić); 2. the indirect presence of the memory of the war in works whose subject matter and time of action is not directly related to the experience of war, but the war, in an unintended way, appears in the background of the story, is typical of the authors of the middle and younger generation (Šejla Šehabović, Lejla Kalamujić, Tanja Stupar-Trifunović). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Faculty of Economics in East Sarajevo / Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Istočnom Sarajevu is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic crisis, which did not leave Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) unaffected, and the increasingly present problems with the collection of accounts receivable made the companies in BiH turn to factoring, a modern financial tool that provides liquidity. Very frequently, slow collection of claims may be a problem, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises that have difficulties in accessing short-term loans and in providing collateral for loans and often face the problems of financing liquid capital. Due to all this, factoring is a high-quality instrument for "extinguishing" illiquidity as by cession of claims the company obtains cash in a very short period. This paper aims to establish the importance of factoring as a modern financing tool in keeping liquidity, competitiveness, and export capacities of small and medium-sized enterprises in BiH and to indicate advantages and disadvantages of factoring as a modern form of financing compared to traditional financing forms. Financing by factoring is directly related to the subjects in factoring activities, factoring item as well as to the costs, elements, and risks of factoring. It is therefore very important to accentuate the differences between financing by factoring and by short-term loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several initiatives to create a national Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) for Bosnia and Herzegovina were launched between 1997 and 2006, but none came to fruition. This article explains the rationale behind the pursuit of a truth-telling mechanism alongside the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), as well as the resistance to such initiatives both internationally and domestically. It argues that, despite the considerable efforts of external actors to create a TRC for Bosnia, the project foundered for three principal reasons: political resistance, institutional rivalry between the ICTY and the TRC project, and the TRC project's lack of legitimacy, notably among Bosnia's victim associations. The history of the failed TRC project in Bosnia holds important lessons for ongoing truth-seeking attempts in the region and beyond, and highlights problems that arise in postconflict societies with a high level of international involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyse the emergence of a Bosnian Muslim community in Malaysia during the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and answer central questions of how and why this community formed in a distant Southeast Asian state. The community that developed there in the early 1990s included professionals, students, and concentration camp survivors and their families — the vast majority of whom arrived during the war, in late 1992 and early 1993. After the war ended, the community gradually began to disperse. Based mostly on interviews, this article pieces together a narrative of the Bosnian Muslim community that existed in Malaysia during the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report documents and compares two cases of pre-service elementary teachers’ beliefs about democracy and education for democracy in the USA and Bosnia and Herzegovina along with contextual factors influencing the similarities and differences among these beliefs. Findings suggest that US pre-service elementary teachers have a self-proclaimed lack of knowledge about democracy and primarily view citizenship education as a means to teach children how to get along. Conversely, Bosnian pre-service teachers hold more nuanced views of democracy and education for democracy, formed while their country transitioned from socialism towards democracy following a devastating civil war. Consequently, they focus on teaching children the skills and dispositions necessary for successful democratic citizenship to preserve their country. These divergent understandings of democracy within the two cases may hold potential benefits to teachers in both emergent and established democracies. Implications of these and other findings are discussed, as well as potential future research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Hydrodistilled volatile oil obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L., cultivated near Sarajevo, Bosnia, was analyzed by GC–MS. More than one hundred compounds were identified, representing 95.5% of the total oil. The major constituents of essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenes, artemisia ketone (30.7%) and camphor (15.8%). Isolated essential oil was tested for radical-scavenging ability using the stable DPPH radical, the ABTS radical, for reducing power ability with a test based on the reduction of ferric cations, for reducing ability of hydroxy radical in ORAC assay, and for metal chelating ability using the ferrozine assay. In all tests oil did not show a prominent antioxidant activity, but still comparable with thymol, an already known antioxidant. The screening of antimicrobial activity of oil was individually evaluated against representatives of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, using the agar diffusion method. All tested microorganisms were inhibited by essential oil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antimicrobial activity of essential oil of A. annua against Haemophilus influenzae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus and Candida krusei microbial strains. The antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oil of A. annua from Bosnia is presented here for the first time and extends our knowledge in the range of valuable biological activities and possible roles in therapy associated with this medicinal herb. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]