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Indonesia is a country with high rice consumption and also potential to develop local rice plants with adaptation to tidal swamp. This study aimed to analyze physiological characters of local Kalimantan swamp rice cultivars in low pH condition. To achieve this purpose, plants were grown hydroponically with two pH variation, 4 (low pH) and 6.8 (normal). This study used 6 cultivars namely 'Amas', 'Pandan Ungu', 'Kambang', 'Sikin Merah', 'Argo Pawan', 'Suatek Merah', and 2 comparative cultivars 'Inpara 5' and 'Ciherang'. Growth characters were observed by measuring plant height, leaf length and width, and leaf number up to 21 DAT (Day After Treatment). Physiological characters observed including chlorophyll, carotenoid and proline content of leaves as measured on 21 DAT. Under low pH condition, the physiological characters of some swamp rice cultivars were better than that under pH 6.8. This can be seen from plant performance showing higher plant, longer and wider leaves, and more of leaf number in 'Amas', 'Pandan Ungu', and 'Kambang'. In addition, at pH 4 treatment, there was a higher in total chlorophyll content in 'Pandan Ungu' and 'Kambang' and higher carotenoid content in 'Kambang'. Meanwhile, proline levels of swamp rice cultivars increased at pH 6.8 indicated that these cultivars are more tolerant to low pH. Based on the results it can be concluded that pH 4 treatment provides high stability in growth (plant height, leaf length, and width, leaf number), chlorophyll, carotenoid and proline content in 'Amas', 'Pandan Ungu', and 'Kambang'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Striped snakehead, Channa striata (Bloch, 1793), is one of freshwater fish commonly consumed due to soft texture of meat and high protein and albumin content. In order to utilize the fish species for market demands, conservation and breeding program have to be implemented. Therefore, providing genetic information of the striped snakehead in Indonesia has to be conducted. Composition of mitochondrial DNA COI nucleotide is one of the striped snakehead genetic information that can be examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify composition of mitochondrial DNA COI nucleotide of striped snakehead collected from Arut River (West Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan), Batanghari River (Jambi, Sumatra), and Ogan River (Banyuasin, South Sumatra). Method used in this study was a PCR method with universal primer FishF2 and FishR2. This research exhibited COI nucleotide composition divergences among the striped snakehead samples collected from the three rivers. This result indicated interpopulation genetic variation of the striped snakehead investigated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micromorphological and anatomical data were needed for identification and classification of Dioscorea spp. The objective of this research was to find out the specific anatomical characters of stem, leave and tuber of five species of Dioscorea. Samples were collected by survey method from Java, Borneo and Sulawesi Islands. Anatomical slides of leaves and tuber were prepared using free hand section methods (semi-permanent), and stems and leaves anatomical slides were prepared using paraffin methods. Data were analyzed descriptively to find out anatomical variation of 5 species of Dioscorea and 14 local cultivars of Dioscorea alata, cluster analysis was made to find out the phenetic similarity. Cluster analysis was conducted with UPGMA algorithm using soft ware NTSYSpc.1. The result showed that micromorphological characters of stem, leaf, and tuber can be used for interspecies identification and classification of Dioscorea, but is not significant for intraspecies classification and identification of D. alata cultivars. On D. alata 'green kultivar group' and 'purplish-red cultivar group' and each sub-group can not be identified and classified based on micromorphological or anatomical characters of stems, leaves and tubers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]