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The article examines changes in daily mobility in two municipalities that illustrate the diversity of the popular suburb of Bogotá: Soacha is integrated into the residential market in Bogota and its labor pool, while Madrid has some autonomy. Both municipalities are now entering a phase of "urban maturation", resulting in a diversification of their demographic composition, consolidation of buildings, some residential anchor of their residents and improving the supply of local jobs and services, including education. The analysis of census data from 1993 and 2005, and surveys on mobility in 1993 and 2009, shows that there is a relative homogeneity of the social composition in the two municipalities, which contrasts with a widening of inequality of daily mobility, especially in Soacha. These disparities are not only a reflection of the social stratification, because gender or age are also available, with important differences between individuals within a same household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows some preliminary results and reflections generated in the research that is carry out in the Master in Urban Management at Piloto University of Colombia, it is about the metropolitan relationships between Bogotá and Soacha, under the residential segregation phenomenon and daily population mobility; specifically it discusses the implications generated by the macro-project 'Ciudad Verde' (Green City), in this sense, it studies if the project execution has repercussions and implications for their inhabitants. The discussion leads to the next question: Whether the development of a housing macro-project as Green City would generate residential segregation? In that sense, the results describe some relevant findings and suggest that in terms of mobility conditions, there is a serious deterioration due to the impact in the reduced family budget, which implies an over cost due to the need of using more than one transportation mean, as well as higher travel time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pensamiento, Palabra y Obra is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the most important aspects for the regulation of a water distribution system in a city is the accurate projection of the population to be supplied. Accordingly, it is necessary to know the social, cultural, and economic characteristics of the inhabitants, as well as the industrial, commercial, tourist and migratory dynamics to understand a city's future development. Generally, population growth is continuous and usually follows a trend that makes it possible to extrapolate the future population, thus predicting the demand for drinking water based on per capita supply. However, forced migrations challenge this assumption. The present work aims to collect and analyze information related to Venezuelan migration, in the southern zone of Bogotá, Colombia. First of all, in this project, the demographic characteristics of the migrant population are defined, and the different sources of information collected during the study are used to estimate the total number of migrants in Bogotá. Then, new methodologies for tracking people using social media data connections, geolocation from active connections, and emerging platforms are shown. This is followed by an explanation of two approaches used to estimate the number of migrants from 2014 to 2020 in the boroughs of: Kennedy, Bosa, Tunjuelito, Usme, Ciudad Bolivar and the municipality of Soacha. Finally, using mathematical and statistical approximations, the study shows that the increases in water consumption in the city coincides with the flow rates needed to supply the migrant population. The results indicate that during the first half of 2021 the flow demanded by the migrant population in the studied localities was around 8 Mgal/d (350 L/s), which is 35.1% of the total flow demanded by the entire migrant population in Bogotá. The migrant water consumption was between 4.8% and 6.1% of the total demand for the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Territorios: Revista de Estudios Regionales y Urbanos is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil mesostigmatid mites include predator species with potential as biological control agents. Their use for that purpose in rose crops in Colombia is highly desirable, to complement pest management strategies. The first step for their use in a program is to know their identity. The objectives of this study were: to determine the species of non-Uropodina Mesostigmata present in rose fields and the surrounding secondary vegetation of fields in the Bogotá plateau, relating their occurrence to soil characteristics; and to determine the fluctuation of the density of those mites and of thrips in selected areas of that plateau. The study was conducted between August 2015 and December 2016 in four rose fields in greenhouses at Nemocon, Tocancipa, Cogua and Guasca, and patches of secondary vegetation next to the latter two localities. Twenty soil samples were taken every two months from each area. Complementary samplings were conducted at irregular frequencies in a rose field and a patch of secondary vegetation of other region (Facatativa) and in two patches of high Andean vegetation (La Calera, Soacha). Ninety-six species were found. In both rose cultivation and natural vegetation, Parasitidae and Laelapidae were the dominant families throughout the study, but high proportions of Veigaiidae and Blattisociidae were also observed in secondary vegetation. Twenty-five thrips species were found, distributed in six genera (Thripidae). Mite species composition was compatible with that of temperate areas of other parts of the world, given the high elevation of study sites (2460–2777 m), despite its location close to the equator. Three of the species collected have been commercialized as biological control agents in other countries. A significant and positive correlation was found between mite density and organic matter content and pH level. The study showed a great diversity of Mesostigmata in the Bogota plateau (altogether, 96 species), at least eight of which new to science and several in need of better taxonomic characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Informal land and building occupations form a significant part of Southern urbanism, emerging as central features of city--making in places defined by colonial histories and dispossession. They transgress normalised property and legal regimes and thereby open the possibility for alternative relations connected to shared practices of use and being in common. Drawing on long-term engaged research in Bogotá, Colombia and Cape Town, South Africa, this paper traces the origins and dynamic trajectories of two occupations, paying particular attention to the ways occupiers engage state logics transversally to assemble material infrastructures and advance citizenship claims. In comparing these situated practices relationally, we identify three modalities of transversal engagement that shape their presents and futures: 1) direct co-design; 2) aspirational co-design, and 3) anticipatory counter-design. Whilst the potentiality and outcomes of these are uncertain, we argue they are important contributors to contesting racialised regimes of dispossession and reimagining more just and equitable urban futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study examines planners' views of transit sexual assault in two transit systems where sexual assault is widespread, but little action has been taken: TransMilenio Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Bogotá and Soacha, Colombia and informal transit in El Alto, Bolivia. In both cases, many planners lack information about transit sexual assault in their city, and the agencies do not systematically measure its frequency. Additionally, planners' views of transit sexual assault are shaped by five widespread deproblematizing beliefs : (1) victims of sexual assault on transit are often mistaken or lying; (2) groping and sexual rubbing do not seriously harm victims; (3) victims brought the attack on themselves; (4) assault is natural and unchangeable; and (5) planners should not be responsible for addressing sexual assault because they did not create the problem. These beliefs, which were more common among male planners, pose a significant barrier to action because they support an attitude that sexual assault on transit is not a problem to which planners should devote resources; either there is no problem to solve or attempting to solve it is so difficult as to be futile. Additionally, deproblematizing beliefs reduce openness to new data about transit sexual assault. The belief that women are likely to mistake innocent actions for sexual assault renders some planners dismissive of survey data based on the self reports of (ostensibly) unreliable narrators. The results indicate that in the long term, a gender mainstreaming approach that includes training for planners is needed. In the short term, one critical task is to convince reluctant reformers that transit sexual assault is a problem on which planners can and should take action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ciudad Verde is a large-scale development south of Bogota organized under the Macro Project Law with government financial backing. While impressive for its size, more impressive is the scope of the social and economic challenges this development hopes to address for its residents – more than just a roof over their heads. Ciudad Verde provides an aspirational model for public/private partnerships in Colombia and developing countries. Background on Colombia and information about the development is followed by a description of the challenges facing this community. The applicability of this development for other contexts is provided through a macro development framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Landslide occurrence in Colombia is very frequent due to its geographical location in the Andean mountain range, with a very pronounced orography, a significant geological complexity and an outstanding climatic variability. More specifically, the study area around the Bogotá-Villavicencio road in the central sector of the Eastern Cordillera is one of the regions with the highest concentration of phenomena, which makes its study a priority. An inventory and detailed analysis of 2506 landslides has been carried out, in which five basic typologies have been differentiated: avalanches, debris flows, slides, earth flows and creeping areas. Debris avalanches and debris flows occur mainly in metamorphic materials (phyllites, schists and quartz-sandstones), areas with sparse vegetation, steep slopes and lower sections of hillslopes; meanwhile, slides, earth flows and creep occur in Cretaceous lutites, crop/grass lands, medium and low slopes and lower-middle sections of the hillslopes. Based on this analysis, landslide susceptibility models have been made for the different typologies and with different methods (matrix, discriminant analysis, random forest and neural networks) and input factors. The results are generally quite good, with average AUC-ROC values above 0.7–0.8, and the machine learning methods are the most appropriate, especially random forest, with a selected number of factors (between 6 and 8). The degree of fit (DF) usually shows relative errors lower than 5% and success higher than 90%. Finally, an integrated landslide susceptibility map (LSM) has been made for shallower and deeper types of movements. All the LSM show a clear zonation as a consequence of the geological control of the susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most consumed vegetables in Colombia and department of Cundinamarca ranks first in terms of production. One of the problems that has been detected in the Bogotá savanna is that, although producers usually apply fertilizers in excess, the average yield obtained is well below the potential, largely because there is no tool to determine the appropriate nutritional status. This research proposed to determine the norms of the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) for lettuce cultivation in the savanna of Bogotá, to balance the plant nutritional status previously selecting, using Monte Carlo analysis techniques, one of eight different methods to divide the population sample into high and low yield. Field data were collected from farms representing 12% of the area planted in 2018 according to Cundinamarca statistics. Plant nutritional status was determined at early vegetative growth using established laboratory techniques, and crop yield was recorded at the end. The splitting methods showed that the maximum difference with the lowest variance was obtained using the Cate and Nelson proposal applied on the predicted values of a regression analysis between yield and plant nutrient concentration, taking care that the size of the subpopulations was greater than or equal to 25% of the sample size. Once the DRIS standards were determined, DRIS indices were calculated for each sampling point and, as a result, potassium and phosphorus were the most frequent deficient elements due to imbalance, while iron and copper were the most frequent elements in excess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-use decision making in densely populated cities is challenged to cover the urban demand for water and food while maintaining the integrity of ecosystems that regulate the supply of these ecosystem services, beyond urban limits. Land-use decision making can be informed using spatial analysis of ecosystem services supply and demand, shedding light on potential mismatches, surpluses, deficits, and unsustainable uses of ecosystems. The integration of such analysis in land-use decision making, however, can be challenged by the complexity of the hierarchical and inflexible planning models used in various countries. We explored how the analysis of potential mismatches, surpluses, and deficits in the supply and demand of water and fertile soil can be spatially assessed for urban areas, and how such information can be used to inform land-use decision making. We used official data and geoprocessing methods to map water -supply, demand, and risk for water scarcity-, and fertile supply –supply, demand, and risk for food insecurity-, for Bogota and Villavicencio. We showed a high risk for water scarcity in Bogota, and an increasing competition for fertile soil between urbanization and agriculture. We recommended a cooperative management strategy of ecosystems and services considering that both cities shared river basins and natural reserves, in addition to their strike differences in population size. Inter-jurisdictional and inter-municipal cooperation, in addition to strong governance, are necessary to handle mismatches of urban ecosystem services supply and demand, and a potential solution to solve conflicts related to access, availability, and jurisdiction of ecosystem services in urban areas.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista CS is the property of Rafael Silva Vega and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Sociologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the development of a methodology for collaborating data gathering carried out remotely in a South American informal settlement for the purpose of a slum upgrading project. It was built in progress considering issues, limitations, and opportunities that arose during data collection. This text describes the creation process of the methodology as well as considerations and advice in retrospect, for those who may be interested in replicating or adapting it to similar contexts and needs.The methodology consists of the collaboration of various subjects, on the field and remotely to facilitate, speed up and expand the mapping possibilities of informal and/or hardly accessible context, taking into account that it has been applied in a period of severe limitations due to the pandemic. The entire workflow was developed having in mind a collaborative and open framework, involving communities at different scales and adopting Free and Open Source Softwares.In the study case, 702 Points of interest in a Bogota's slum were mapped thanks to one field survey, carried out by a local NGO using Mapillary for street-level images collection, and a collaborative mapping that involved volunteers from various nations in the OpenStreetMap environment.It proved to have a further result in the widening of the knowledge of the involved participants and the creation of networks that could lead to new collaborations or facilitate future projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the links between teacher practice and forced displacement based on a theoretical conceptualization and the narratives of the main actors: teachers and students of the first cycle of two schools in the city of Bogota. We analyze the contexts of the schools and the dynamics of the school scenarios. The research enabled us to identify the territories' importance in the construction of identities and people's life histories; to reaffirm the school as a political and social ground; the teacher´s role in mediating and encouraging new experiences and life projects, and finally the importance to generate qualification processes with and for the teachers who enhance their practices with forced displaced children in a "welcoming" community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Abdominal trauma is one of the leading causes of death. In Colombia, few studies have evaluated the results on related factors and outcomes when comparing laparotomy versus laparoscopy in the management of penetrating abdominal trauma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy in the treatment of stable penetrating abdominal trauma in a limited resources environment in a middle‐income country. Methods: Retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted in Bogota, Colombia from January 2018 to October 2020. Patients over 18 years old, hemodynamically stable with penetrating abdominal trauma without other body parts injuries, that underwent laparoscopy and/or laparotomy surgical exploration and treatment were included. Frequencies, percentages, correlations, and odds ratio were calculated. Results: A total of 52 patients were analyzed (26 laparoscopy vs. 26 laparotomy). Stabbing injuries were more frequent in both groups (76.9%), as well as involvement of the anterior abdomen. None missed enterotomies were reported in the laparoscopy group. Surgical time and bleeding were significantly lower in the laparoscopic approach group (63 vs. 115 min and 65 vs. 992 cc, respectively). The time to oral intake and length of stay in the intensive care unit was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic management group (2 vs. 3 days and 1 vs. 4 days, respectively). Conclusions: Surgical results found a safe scenario in a limited resources environment for the application of the laparoscopic technique to approach penetrating abdominal trauma in stable patients without missed injuries, low threshold of conversion to open approach, and additionally not presenting a higher percentage of complications compared with the laparotomy group in Colombia. Operative time, oral intake, and length of hospital stay were lower in the fully therapeutic laparoscopy group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minerals extraction processes are the foundation on which industrial societies are sustained. In Bogotá, the park Mochuelo Bajo emerges as an area of clay exploitation for the production of construction materials. This article aims to discover the geo-touristic potential of the area through the Integrated Approach for Assessing the Geotourism method. In addition, the investigation proposes the creation of a possible tourist route and the analysis of opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and threats in the area, in order to implement this proposal and to calculate the cost of the tour. The methodology consisted of a mixed approach with an exploratory scope, using as data sources, interviews, tours of the area, non-participant observation and secondary data, which were collected from the mines as well as from the inhabitants of the study area and in official information sources. The results obtained indicate the mining proposal has a high potential and so, the possible threats and weaknesses could be handled through administrative controls. Additionally, it was possible to locate a route with five areas to be intervened, and where the importance of clay in production processes, the different materials obtained from this, as well as the industrial evolution in the sector is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografía is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pervasive human impact in heavily transformed landscapes may lead disturbance‐adapted species to thrive, resulting in floristic homogenization across forest stands. However, environmental heterogeneity and dispersal limitation may be antagonistic forces to homogenization, maintaining inherent floristic differentiation across sites.We evaluated the extent to which peri‐urban Andean forests are undergoing floristic homogenization in both late‐ and early‐successional stands. We considered seedling assemblages as well, as they provide key insights into forests' future. We then quantified the relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering in determining the observed patterns of floristic similarity across the landscape.We used tree, seedling, soil and climatic data from six sites located in the high plain where Bogotá lies (Colombia). Within each site, we established six 20 × 20 m plots, three in early‐successional stands and three in late‐successional stands, for a total of 36 plots.To evaluate the extent of floristic homogenization, we defined tree floristic similarity among late‐successional stands as a baseline, reflecting our best‐guess of the original species composition that would have once occurred previous to intense anthropogenic intervention. Tree floristic turnover across the landscape was alike in late‐ and in early‐secondary stands, a finding that does not support the homogenization scenario. Seedling species composition, in contrast, was more homogeneous among early‐ than among late‐secondary stands, an outcome suggestive of homogenization.The relative importance of spatial and environmental drivers shifted between life stages. Distance between plots was the best predictor of tree species dissimilarity (29% of variance explained), whereas seedling compositional variation was more sensitive to changes in environmental conditions (41% of the variance explained). Relative humidity and several variables related to soil fertility showed a significant effect on floristic dissimilarity across the landscape, although significant factors were often different between life stages.Synthesis. Despite high anthropogenic transformation, we found little trace of floristic homogenization in these peri‐urban landscapes. Inherent floristic differentiation, promoted both by dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity, suggests that all patches are important to the conservation in these Andean forests, critical centres of endemism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]