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A recent report discusses research conducted at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) on the immune-enhancing effects of low-dose endotoxin in cancer treatment. The study found that neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, can be reprogrammed by super-low dose endotoxin to adopt a potent immune-enhancing phenotype. These reprogrammed neutrophils were able to reduce tumor burden when transfused into tumor-bearing mice. The findings shed light on the mechanisms behind the immune-enhancing efficacy of low-dose endotoxin and provide a potential avenue for developing neutrophil-based anti-tumor therapeutics. [Extracted from the article]