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Investigating the important role played by agriculture and carbon dioxide emission is crucial from environmentally sustainable agriculture production. The present analysis determined the impact of crops production, fertilizers use, land used for the crops production, and employment in agriculture on CO 2 emission in Bhutan by taking the annual data varies from 1980 to 2020. Study utilized the two unit root testing for the stationarity purpose, while a symmetric (ARDL) technique is employed to check the variables influence on CO 2 emission with the estimation of short-run and long-run. Additionally, the study also utilized the Stepwise and Robust Least Squares to explore the interaction amid variables. The crops productivity and land used for the crops showed a constructive relation to carbon dioxide emission, while fertilizer consumption and employment in agriculture has adverse connection to CO 2 emission in Bhutan via long-run analysis. The results of short-run described that variables crops production and land used for these crops has productive influence to CO 2 emission, while the variables fertilizers usage and employment in agriculture revealed a negative linkage to CO 2 emission. Furthermore, the findings of Stepwise least squares and Robust least squares explore that crops production and land used for crops production has positive, while remaining variables has adversative association to carbonization. The findings suggest that strong strategies and plans are required from the Bhutanese government to decrease the CO 2 emission in directive to upsurge the agricultural productivity. • We determined the impact of crops production, fertilizers use, land used for the crops production, and employment in agriculture on CO 2 emission. • Study used ARDL, Stepwise and Robust Least Squares techniques to encounter the variables influence on CO 2 emission. • Crops productivity and land used for the crops exposed a positive impact on carbon emission. • Fertilizer consumption and employment in agriculture show an adverse connection to carbon emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]