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The Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) is one of the most confiscated and rescued primate species in China. These animals are often subject to physical issues due to poor husbandry practices in captivity. Many individuals rescued from the illegal wildlife trade are confined to captivity, leading to decreased locomotion ability and increased abnormal behavior. Recognizing the potential benefits of rehabilitation exercises, we conducted outdoor rehabilitation activities in forest environments to improve the locomotion performance of rescued Bengal slow lorises, and evaluated how individual characteristics and conditions in captivity influenced their locomotion recovery. The results of the rehabilitation exercises were promising, showing that the animals exhibited more elaborate route selection, improved action scores, longer distances traveled, and reduced periods of inactivity. Bengal slow lorises housed in larger cages and those in short-term captivity demonstrated better overall performance. Additionally, animals displaying stereotypical behavior achieved higher action scores, while male lorises had longer periods of motionlessness compared to females. These findings highlight the positive impact of rehabilitation exercises on the locomotion abilities of captive Bengal slow lorises, emphasizing the importance of enhancing animal welfare and implementing scientifically informed strategies for the successful reintroduction of pre-released animals. • Long-term confined slow lorises suffered from locomotion ability degradation. • Rehabilitation exercise plays a critical role for the pre-released animals. • The individuals displaying stereotypical behavior have better action performance. • Rehabilitation criteria are needed for the nocturnal primates in captivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]