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The present three-wave panel study (N = 973, X-bar[subscript age] = 11.14) sought to advance the current literature on media internalization in preadolescence by examining triggers and consequences related to preadolescents' media internalization and use of media for appearance information. We sought to examine whether (a) media internalization and use of media for appearance information could be explained by pubertal timing and peer appearance criticism, and (b) such media internalization and use of media for information could foster dysfunctional body image investment. Structural equation analyses showed that early maturation relative to peers and peer appearance criticism predicted preadolescents' use of media for appearance information and media internalization, 6 months later. Such media use, in turn, predicted preadolescents' development of dysfunctional appearance beliefs, 6 months later. These results highlight the importance for future studies to examine whether preadolescents' reliance on appearance media stems from their need to cope with current body concerns.

• Life cycle assessment was performed for two decentralized potable water production systems. • PET bottled water and public water supply were used as conventional alternatives. • Decentralized systems showed less than 30% of potential environmental impacts compared to conventional alternatives. Decentralized (waste) water treatment technologies (DWTS) are suitable for rural areas that are not connected to conventional (municipal) treatment systems due to the longer transport distances. However, the sustainability of DWTS is still debatable. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to use the Life Cycle Assessment tool to perform the life cycle impact assessment of two different decentralized water treatment systems operated in Belgium. The first one was a mobile constructed wetland treating grey water (Scenario 1) at music festivals, coupled to a membrane based drinking water production system (100 m3 of potable water production out of 400 m3 of wastewater generation per festival). The second one was a vertical flow constructed wetland treating black water (Scenario 2) at a restaurant (135 visitors/day), also coupled to a membrane system. Comparison was performed with conventional alternatives (PET bottled water supply and a public drinking water supply, respectively). In most impact categories, Scenarios 1 and 2 had roughly an order of magnitude lower impact than their conventional alternatives. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. In scenario 1, the distance travelled for both the mobile constructed wetland and the PET bottles was varied. In Scenario 2 the distance of the restaurant from a drinking water supply and a sewerage system was varied. These results were also encouraging, showing that the DWTS are still environmentally feasible compared to their conventional alternatives at the shortest distance studied (Scenario 1: 175 km and Scenario 2:75 m). Therefore, DWTS can be considered environmentally beneficial under certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of restricted budgets, it is worthwhile to explore whether domestic and non-domestic users would be willing to contribute to the cost of managing natural areas. Specifically, we investigate preferences of Dutch and Belgian divers for a trip to the Oosterschelde, an estuary in the Netherlands close to Belgium. The travel cost estimates based on day trips reveal a consumer surplus of 108 and 197 euro per diving trip for Dutch and Belgian divers respectively. This leads to an estimated total access value of 21.7 million euro per year for recreational diving in the Oosterschelde. The choice experiment reveals little difference between preferences for dive characteristics of Dutch and Belgian respondents, with the exception of the presence of having a pub nearby and the difficulty of the dive. Yet, overall Belgian respondents have a higher willingness for diving in the Oosterschelde than Dutch respondents. While payment schemes, such as diving tags, can be interesting options for the agency to finance management of natural areas, limited public support and high administrative costs may be important obstacles. • Divers' nationality influences diving preferences and support for payment schemes. • Total access value for scuba diving in the Oosterschelde is estimated at 21.7 million euro per year. • Biodiversity improvements are valued more than infrastructure improvements by recreational scuba divers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]