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Historical architecture is of great significance to the continuation of urban historical context, and it is an important part of cultural heritage. The general survey and identification of historical buildings is the basis and support of the protection and utilization of historical buildings. However, the existing working methods and technical means are relatively backward, it can not reflect and record the value characteristics and basic information of historical buildings truly and completely. These backward means have led to the inefficiency of the general survey and identification of historical buildings, which has also led to the fact that the results of the general survey can not be digitized and difficult to refer to. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the traditional methods of general survey and identification of historical buildings, and constructs the basic technical support of the general survey and identification of historical buildings from the aspects of general survey and identification standard system, investigation and data processing tool system, operation guidance system and so on, which is based on the technical requirements and the secondary development of GIS, taking the general survey and identification of historical buildings in Beijing as an example. It is hoped that this paper can convey our thinking and research results to our professional colleagues. In addition, we look forward to the promotion and application of this method, so as to promote the protection and management of cultural heritage towards comprehensive data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbes in urban ecosystems are affected by a variety of abiotic and biotic factors resulting from changes in land use. However, the influence of different types of land use on soil microbial properties and soil quality in urban areas remains largely unknown. Here, by comparing five types of land use: natural forest, park, agriculture, street green and roadside trees, we examined the effects of different land uses on soil microbial biomass and microbial functional diversity in Beijing, China. We found that soil properties varied with land uses in urban environments. Compared to natural forest, soil nutrients under the other four types of urban land use were markedly depleted, and accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd was apparent. Importantly, under these four types of land use, there was less microbial biomass, but it had greater functional diversity, particularly in the roadside-tree soils. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the microbial characteristics and physicochemical properties, such as organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus ( P < 0.05), suggesting that lack of nutrients was the major reason for the decrease in microbial biomass. In addition, the larger C/ N ratio, Ni concentration and pool of organic matter together with a higher p H contributed to the increase in microbial functional diversity in urban soils. We concluded that different land uses have indirect effects on soil microbial biomass and microbial community functional diversity through their influence on soil physicochemical properties, especially nutrient availability and heavy metal content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]