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The pollution caused by nitrogen dioxide is a major environmental problem in China. This study introduces a new type of atmospheric trace gas remote-sensing instrument, an airborne fiber imaging spectrometer. This spectrometer has a spectral range of 300–410 nm and works in push-broom mode with a 30° field of view on a flight path. Flight experiments were conducted on 30 December 2022 and 5 January 2023, covering heavily polluted areas east of Beijing and Tangshan. This equipment obtained the density distribution of NO2 over the flight area. The results showed that pollution was mainly concentrated in the Caofeidian area and at the power station in the north, and the main source of pollution was anthropogenic. Satellite and airborne data near the pollution points were compared, and the two datasets showed a positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.78 and 0.7, on the two days, respectively. This study demonstrates the capability of an airborne fiber imaging spectrometer for NO2 regional emission remote sensing and identifying the pollution points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high mortality and morbidity in the world. Elevated blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) have been identified as independent risk factors, with potential to predict prognosis and recurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Our study aimed to elucidate the association between BP and HR levels and the severity, as well as prognosis, of patients diagnosed with ICH. Methods: The basic characteristics of patients and laboratory examination results, inclusive of BP and HR levels upon admission, were recorded as baseline data. The modified Rankin Scale and living status were taken into account for all patients at a 1-year follow-up. The relationship between various BP and HR levels and clinical outcome was analyzed using logistic regression and the Kaplan-Meier survival method. Results: A total of 1,416 patients with acute ICH from 13 hospitals in Beijing were enrolled in our study. Logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with higher HR and BP (group 4), along with those with higher HR but lower BP (group 2), exhibited a poorer prognosis compared to those with lower BP and HR (group 1). This result was particularly pronounced in younger, male subgroups (OR (95% CI) = 4.379(2.946–6.508), P < 0.0001 for group 4; OR (95% CI) = 1.819 (1.219–2.714), P = 0.0034 for group 2). At the 1-year follow-up, group 4 patients demonstrated a significantly higher rate of fatal incidence compared to other groups (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Higher HR and BP levels, suggestive of an autonomic dysfunction, were independently associated with a poorer 1-year prognosis and reduced survival rate in ICH patients. Our findings underscore the need for early intervention to modulate these physiological parameters in patients with ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have reported the predictive value of liver fibrosis indices for hematoma enlargement in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, little is known about the precise association between fibrosis and ICH prognosis. Thus, our study was designed to investigate the relevance of liver fibrosis, as evaluated by fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and poor outcomes after ICH. Methods: We used data from a prospective, multi-center and registry-based database. In this study, patients were stratified by the higher cut-off value of a FIB-4 score ≥ 2.67. The two groups of patients were then compared with regard to baseline characteristics, ICH severity and follow-up outcomes. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the prognostic value of a FIB-4 score ≥ 2.67 for major disability or death. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to analyze the association between different FIB-4 scores and survival rate. Results: Our present study included 839 patients from 13 hospitals in Beijing. Participants with FIB-4 scores ≥ 2.67 had a larger baseline hematoma volume and a higher score on the modified Rankin Scale at follow-up (all p values < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, liver fibrosis defined by a FIB-4 score ≥ 2.67 was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes at discharge and at 1 year (at discharge: adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.894 [1.120– 3.202], p = 0.0172; at 1 year: adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.694 [1.021– 2.809], p = 0.0412). However, this association was not observed at 3 months. During the follow-up period, patients with a FIB-4 score ≥ 2.67 also had a significantly lower survival rate according to Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Conclusion: Our study suggests that liver fibrosis defined by a FIB-4 score ≥ 2.67 is associated with poor clinical outcomes and lower survival rates in patients with mild to moderate ICH. These data provide reliable evidence for detecting fibrosis and managing related risk factors to improve prognosis after ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Urban greenspace can significantly decrease the land surface temperature (LST). The spatial characteristics and vegetation composition of urban greenspace have a great influence on its cooling capacity. Objectives: We sought to distinguish the cooling effect by different spatial pattern factors of greenspace and by the interaction of these factors, which may be useful in understanding cooling effect and designing urban greenspace. Methods: Both the greenspace derived from SPOT6 and LST retrieved from Landsat-8 images are employed to identify the dominant factors influencing LST and investigate the interaction between any two dominant factors in the Beijing metropolitan area. Results: The results indicate that the dominant spatial factors affecting LST vary by greenspace type, i.e., for grass, the number of patches (NP) and patch density (PD) have a significant effect on LST while for coniferous forest, the landscape shape index (LSI) is the dominant spatial factor. And the NP and percentage of landscape are the dominant spatial factors for broad-leaved forest and mixed forest, respectively. The interaction of any two dominant factors is larger than their individual effects, and the interaction between the NP and LSI of greenspace is not as strong as the interaction between the NP and PD. Conclusions: Urban greenspace design and planning need to consider the spatial pattern of different types of greenspace. On this basis, we proposed a pattern effective in cooling LST in cities climatically similar to Beijing, which could provide theoretical reference for the design and planning of urban greenspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]