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As the capital of China, the Beijing area needs to be paid special attention to its air quality. We used active remote sensing instrument (ground-based lidar), combined with passive remote sensing instrument (VIIRS onboard the NPP spacecraft), to study the serious pollution event over Beijing in spring of 2019. At the same time, the ground-based particulate matter (PM) data and the meteorological element data were analyzed. It is found that the ratio of concentrations of PM2.5 to PM10 is very large during the pollution period. The mean value of ratio is 0.75464, indicated it is fine particulate matter pollution. The Range correction signal (RCS) of lidar is very large in the layer below 0.5 km. But the volume depolarization ratio (VDR) is much less than 0.05. It indicated it is anthropogenic urban aerosols. The change in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) of VIIRS during pollution is consistent with the change in optical properties observed by lidar. The backward trajectory model of HYSPLIT shows that the pollutant came from the Hebei area where industrial pollution is serious, and the local meteorological conditions in Beijing are conducive to the continuous accumulation of pollutants. This work can deepen the understanding of the mechanism of haze formation and can help and support pollution prevention work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2002, the Beijing Committee for Disease Prevention launched guidelines based on the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion on health promoting hospitals (HPHs). HPH pilot projects were then initiated, on a voluntary basis, in 44 Beijing hospitals. Evaluations have been undertaken to assess the impacts of the pilot project. This article outlines this HPH project, its development and evaluation and reports on the attitudes and contribution of hospital management as determined by questionnaires and interviews from 281 managerial employees from 106 Beijing hospitals (93 from pilot hospitals and 188 from control). The results of the evaluation indicate that long-term health promotion planning and health promotion specialized funds have been better established in pilot hospitals than in the control group and also that the concept of HPH & better understood by managerial staff in pilot hospitals than by those in control hospitals. The main perceived barriers faced in the development of HPH are shortages of funds, personnel, time management and professional skills. To further develop HPHs in China, effort needs to be made to ensure that hospital leaders and management are considered first. If managerial staff have an appropriate understanding of the concept and principles of HPH, then it is more likely that health promotion activities can be introduced into the daily workings of hospitals, and the necessary funds, personnel and training on health promotion skills be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]