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Demand-side decarbonization and electrification promote a strong coupling between electric vehicles (EVs) and buildings. From a building-centric perspective, this paper established a survey-based simulation platform for charging system design, which supports annual simulations with a 15-min interval. Field survey data of private vehicles in two office buildings located in Beijing (a metropolis) and Ruicheng (a county in China) were used as inputs and for validation. The platform was applied to analyze workplace charging and give suggestions for charging system design. First, the city size greatly influences vehicle behavior and charging demands. This study indicates an unusual double-peak charging demand on weekdays in the county case due to different vehicle behavior from the urban cases. Second, slow charging at workplaces can almost meet the intra-urban travel demand of private EVs. Specifically, chargers with a rated power of 3–4 kW can achieve a guarantee level of EV use of SOC 0.999 = 20%. Third, the low solar self-consumption rate of current PV charging systems (generally 18%∼42%) mainly results from significant PV surpluses on weekends and in summer. These findings emphasize building-centric planning of EV-related infrastructures and proper charging strategies for energy interaction between EVs and buildings. [Display omitted] • Electric vehicle (EV) behavior is investigated from a building-centric perspective. • A simulation platform is developed for charging system design (τ = 1 yr, Δ τ = 15 min). • City size greatly influences vehicle behavior and charging demands. • Slow charging at workplace can meet the intra-urban travel demand of private EVs. • PV surpluses on weekends and in summer result in low solar power self-consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The seasonal mismatch becomes prominent as photovoltaic penetration nears one. • Buildings with primary daytime electricity use show similar matching performance. • Latitude and longitude affect seasonal and diurnal mismatch in China, respectively. • Batteries are only economically favored under low feed-in tariff conditions. • Partial abandonment of photovoltaic power proves cost-effective in some cases. The widespread adoption of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial for achieving a decarbonized future, and distributed energy storages play a vital role in promoting PV energy consumption and easing the grid burden. This study uses actual building electricity consumption data to examine the temporal and dimensional matching performance and economic feasibility of photovoltaic-battery (PVB) systems. When prioritizing nearly self-consumption, there is a knee point in the growth trend where the energy storage demand increases with the ratio of annual PV generation to annual electricity demand (R pv). Before this point, energy storage primarily serves intraday energy transfers. However, once R pv surpasses this point, there is a rapid surge in energy storage demand due to the requirement for cross-season energy transfer. When nearly self-sufficiency is desired, the energy storage demand experiences a rapid decrease to converge to a non-zero value as R pv increases. Comparative analyses reveal that public buildings with concentrated daytime electricity consumption and shopping malls in different climate zones with similar intraday usage patterns show comparable matching performance when equipped with short-term energy storage. However, as high self-consumption or self-sufficiency rates are pursued, variances in their seasonal consumption characteristics lead to significant differences in energy storage demand. From an economic perspective, integrating batteries into a shopping mall in Beijing increases the equivalent electricity price under the prevailing feed-in tariff. In addition, when surplus PV generation export is prohibited or unremunerated, the battery does not enhance the economic feasibility until R pv exceeds 51%, and partial curtailment of PV generation is economical when R pv exceeds 26%. Furthermore, to achieve a high self-sufficiency level, slightly expanding R pv beyond the required self-sufficiency rate can efficiently reduce energy storage demand and improve economic feasibility at the expense of partial curtailment of PV generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]