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Background: The objective of this study was to assess whether entecavir (ETV) in combination with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) could reduce hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and extrahepatic cancers (EHCs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: The cohort consisted of 4194 patients with CHB treated with ETV combined with IFN‐α or ETV monotherapy at a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China, from January 2009 to December 2017. The risks, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HCC and EHCs were compared in the 2 groups. Results: In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, a significantly lower risk of HCC (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3‐0.9; P =.0310) and a marginally significantly lower risk of EHCs (HR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.02‐1.3; P =.0854) were observed in the group receiving ETV combined with IFN‐α in comparison with the ETV monotherapy group. The annual virological response rates were significantly higher in the combination therapy group versus the monotherapy group (33.8% vs 21.2%; P <.0001), but the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance rates were not (1.2% vs 0.9%; P =.8537). The HRs were consistent with propensity score–based matching, inverse probability weighting adjustments, and adjustments for virological response and HBsAg seroclearance. Conclusions: ETV combined with IFN‐α therapy is superior to ETV monotherapy in reducing the risk of HCC and EHCs for patients with CHB. People who can tolerate and benefit from IFN‐α therapy could consider combination therapy. This study finds a higher residual risk of hepatocellular cancer and extrahepatic cancers in those with entecavir monotherapy versus those with combined therapy. It is suggested that it is necessary to add interferon‐α for patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir to reduce the risk of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few studies investigated the associations between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among Chinese preschool children. Thus, the study aims to explore dietary patterns and their associations with overweight/obesity among preschool children in the Dongcheng District of Beijing.Methods: With a stratified proportionate cluster sampling, the study included 3373 pairs of preschool children and their guardians. Children's weight and height were measured by school nurses, and their food and beverage consumption frequencies were reported by guardians via a food frequency questionnaire. Children's age, gender, physical activity time, and sedentary time, as well as their parents' highest level of educational attainment, occupation, weight, and height were also collected. Dietary patterns were identified through exploratory factor analysis. Among these identified dietary patterns, the one with the largest factor score was defined as the predominant dietary pattern for each child. The associations between predominant dietary patterns and overweight/obesity were tested by two-level random-intercept logistic models with cluster-robust standard errors.Results: Four dietary patterns, i.e., a "Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and snack" pattern, a "Chinese traditional" pattern, a "Health conscious" pattern, and a "Snack" pattern, were identified. Among the children, 21.02% (95% CI: 19.68 to 22.43%) were predominated by the "SSB and snack" pattern, 27.78% (95% CI: 26.29 to 29.32%) by the "Chinese traditional" pattern, 24.90% (95% CI: 23.47 to 26.39%) by the "Health conscious" pattern, and 26.30% (95% CI: 24.84 to 27.81%) by the "Snack" pattern. After controlling for potential confounders, the "SSB and snack" pattern characterized by fresh fruit/vegetable juice, flavored milk drinks, carbonated drinks, flavored fruit/vegetable drinks, tea drinks, plant-protein drinks, puffed foods, fried foods, and Western fast foods was associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity (OR: 1.61, 95% CI:1.09 to 2.38), compared with the "Chinese traditional" pattern.Conclusions: The preference for dietary patterns with high energy density but low nutritional value was prevalent among preschool children in the Dongcheng District of Beijing. Comprehensive measures to simultaneously reduce consumption of SSBs and unhealthy snacks among preschool children should be taken urgently to address the childhood obesity problem in China, particularly in metropolises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]