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In this study, frequencies of the polymorphic variants of the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CAT, GPX1, NQO1, SOD1, and SOD3 were examined in three ethnic groups of healthy subjects from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russians, Tatars, and Bashkirs). An association of these markers with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was tested. Interethnic differences relative to the distribution of the polymorphic variants of the GSTP1 locus Ile105Val and the NQO1 locus 609C/T were revealed. Relative to the genotype distribution at the Ile 105Val locus of the GSTP1 gene, ethnic group of Bashkirs was found to be statistically significantly different from Tatars (chi2 = 8.819; d.f. = 2; P = 0.012). Relative to the genotype frequency distribution pattern at the NQO1 locus 609C/T, the group of Bashkirs differed from Russians (chi2 = 8.913; df. = 2; P = 0.012). An association of genotype Val/Val of the GSTP1 Ile105Val locus with the risk of COPD in Russians (chi2 = 5.25; P = 0.022; Pcor = 0.044; OR = 4.09), and of the GSTP1 haplotype *D in Tatars, was demonstrated (chi2 = 11.575; P = 0.0014; Pcor = 0.0042; OR = 3.178). Genotype TT of the CAT -262C/T locus marked resistance to the COPD development in Russians (chi2 = 6.82; P = 0.0098; Pcor = = 0.0196; OR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.119 to 0.77). The risk for COPD in the ethnic group of Tatars was associated with the CAT haplotype (-262)C(1167)T (chi2 = 6.038; P = 0.0147; Pcor = 0.044; OR = 1.71). Analysis of the NQO1 haplotypes at the 465C/T and6009C/T loci showed that haplotype 465C/609T was associated with COPD in Russians (chi2 = 4.571; P = 0.0328; Pcor = 0.01; OR = 1.799). It was demonstrated that Gly allele of the Arg213Gly polymorphic locus of the SOD3 gene marked the risk for COPD in the ethnic group of Tatars (OR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.22 to 4.1). Thus, GSTP1, CAT, NQO1, and SOD3 polymorphisms play an important role in the development of COPD among the population of Bashkortostan.

The objective of this study was to consider natural conditions and mechanisms of formation of mineral water sources in the Republic of Baskortostan. A map showing their location within the bounds of the Republic lying at the junction of Europe and Asia is presented. The distribution of mineral water springs is highly non-uniform and dictated by the landscape patterns, climatic, geologic and tectonic history of the territory, its climatic and hydrological conditions. It is concluded that most part of Bshkortostan has very promising prospects for the further development of its spa and resort complex.

To assess the role that polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 genes play in genetic predisposition to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the allele and genotype distributions of CYPIA1 (2455 A/G, 3801T/C) and CYP1A2 (-2464T/delT, -163C/A) genes were studied in Tatar and Russian COPD patients and in cases of healthy individuals (Russian, Tatar and Bashkir), residents of Bashkortostan. It was shown that the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes haplotypes frequency distribution patterns do not differed between Tatars and Russians ethnic groups (chi2 = 0.973, df = 3, p = 1.00 and chi2 = 1.546, df = 3, p = 0.92, respectively). Analysis of the the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes haplotypes revealed statistically significant differences in the haplotypes frequency distributions between Bashkirs versus Russians and Tatars (chi2 = 12.328, df= 3,p = 0.008; chi2 = 9.218, df=3, p = 0.034, respectively for CYP1A1 gene and (chi2 = 18.779, df=3, p = 0.0001, chi = 14.326, df=3, p = 0.003, respectively for CYP1A2 gene). The (-2467)delT allele and CYP1A2*1D haplotype of CYPIA2 gene was associated with higher risk of COPD in Tatar ethnic group (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.24-2.71, chi2 = 9.48, p = 0.003 and chi2 = 9.733, p = 0.0027, Pcor = 0.008; OR = 3.908, 95% CI 1.56-10.19, respectively). On the other hand the CYP1A2*1A haplotype had protective effect (chi2 = 6.319, p = 0.0127, Pcor = 0.038; OR = 0.6012, 95% CI 0.402-0.898). But at the same time we did not find any differences in the genotypes and haplotypes frequency distributions of the CYP1A2 gene within the patients and healthy groups in Russian ethnic group. We also did not find any association of CYP1A1 gene with COPD in ethnic groups of Bashkortostan.

The paper describes the data obtained by Soviet and American physicians who took part in the treatment of patients burnt in the Bashkiria accident (an outburst of petroleum products). It was established that in deep burns bioelectrostimulation combined with early necrectomy and autodermoplasty yielded the best therapeutic results.

The method of daily ration reproduction was used to study the actual nutrition of 25% of male subsampling comprising 674 subjects, during the epidemiological investigation of unorganized male population in a region of Ufa. The results of the study have shown that the caloric value of their nutrition does not exceed the established standards and is diminished with age. Protein consumption meets the physiological requirements, animal proteins prevail in their structure. Carbohydrate consumption is low, mainly at the expense of starch, while the share of sugar is high. Fat consumption exceeds the values recommended, mainly at the expense of saturated fatty acids. Cholesterol consumption is excessive. The established nutrition imbalance of the main food substances has evidenced the atherogenic character of the population nutrition, prevalence of animal food products in its structure, that should be taken into consideration when measures for the prevention of coronary heart disease are elaborated.