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The taxonomic position of one soil isolate 13-12(50)(T) was clarified by a polyphasic study. The organism showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of the genus Actinomadura. It formed a distinct phyletic line in the Actinomadura 16S rRNA gene tree and was closely associated with Actinomadura mexicana (sequence similarity 99.5%), Actinomadura glauciflava, Actinomadura citrea (sequence similarity 99.4%) and Actinomadura madurae (sequence similarity 99.2%). The result of DNA-DNA hybridizations between 13-12(50)(T) and Actinomadura mexicana was 49.9%. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, the isolate was differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. It is proposed that the organism be classified as a novel species of the genus Actinomadura. The name proposed for the new taxa are Actinomadura maheshkhaliensis sp. nov. [(13-12(50)(T)=JCM 13934(T) =MTCC 8055(T)].

The taxonomic position of two soil isolates, 3-46-b(3)(T) and 3-45-a(11)(T), was clarified based on data from a polyphasic study. The organisms showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of the genus Actinomadura. They formed distinct phyletic lines in the Actinomadura 16S rRNA gene tree and were closely associated with the type strains of Actinomadura meyerae (sequence similarity of 98.3-98.5 %), Actinomadura napierensis (98.1-98.3 %) and Actinomadura latina (96.4-96.8 %). The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the new isolates was 99.1 %. The level of DNA-DNA hybridization between strains 3-46-b(3)(T) and 3-45-a(11)(T) was 43.6 % and levels of relatedness between the two new isolates and the type strains of A. meyerae and A. napierensis were 21.0-27.3 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties, the new isolates could be differentiated from each other and from their closest phylogenetic relatives. It is proposed that the organisms be classified as representing two novel species of the genus Actinomadura. The names proposed for these taxa are Actinomadura bangladeshensis sp. nov. [type strain 3-46-b(3)(T) =JCM 13933(T) =MTCC8057(T)] and Actinomadura chokoriensis sp. nov. [type strain 3-45-a(11)(T) =JCM 13932(T) =MTCC8056(T)].

An actinomycete strain 3-44-a(19)(T) was isolated from sandy soil collected in Bangladesh. The strain formed irregular pseudosporangia directly from aggregated spore chains above the rudimentary aerial mycelium. The pseudosporangia developed singly. Each pseudosporangium contained many small, non-motile, spherical, smooth-surfaced spores in chains. Strain 3-44-a(19)(T) contained meso- and 3-hydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and MK-9(H(6)) as the major menaquinone and arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose and xylose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine and iso-C(15 : 0) (24.6 %), C(18 : 1)omega9c (15.5 %), C(16 : 0) (10.6 %), C(18 : 0) (9.4 %), iso-C(16 : 0) (8.6 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (6.0 %) were detected as the major cellular fatty acids. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 73.6 mol%. The chemotaxonomic data indicated that the strain belonged to the family Micromonosporaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data also suggested that strain 3-44-a(19)(T) fell within the family Micromonosporaceae. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides as well as morphological and chemotaxonomic data, this strain should be classified as a member of a new genus and species, Pseudosporangium ferrugineum gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family Micromonosporaceae. The type strain of Pseudosporangium ferrugineum is 3-44-a(19)(T) (=JCM 14710(T) =MTCC9007(T)).

Two novel bacterial strains were isolated from sandy soil from Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Strains 5-10-10(T) and 5-38-42(T) were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycetes that form branched substrate and aerial mycelium. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, the novel strains were shown to belong to the genus Nonomuraea, being most closely related to Nonomuraea fastidiosa. Chemotaxonomic data supported the assignment of the novel strains as members of the genus Nonomuraea. Strain 5-10-10(T) contained MK-9(H(4)) and strain 5-38-42(T) contained MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(4)) as the major menaquinones. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acid for strain 5-10-10(T) was iso-C(16 : 0) (26.4 %); C(16 : 0) (17.4 %) was the major cellular fatty acid for strain 5-38-42(T). The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological tests enabled strains 5-10-10(T) and 5-38-42(T) to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from each other and from the closely related species, N. fastidiosa. On the basis of these results, strains 5-10-10(T) and 5-38-42(T) represent two novel species of the genus Nonomuraea. Following an evaluation of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the new isolates are proposed as two novel species, Nonomuraea bangladeshensis sp. nov. [type strain, 5-10-10(T) (=MTCC 8089(T)=JCM 13930(T))] and Nonomuraea coxensis sp. nov. [type strain, 5-38-42(T) (=MTCC 8090(T)=JCM 13931(T))].

Three Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, mesophilic strains, designated 2-25(1)T, 2-29(17)T and 2-70(23)T, were isolated from sandy soil from Chokoria, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The organisms produce short chains of non-motile spores that emerge singly or in tufts from vegetative hyphae on the surface of agar media. A comparative phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates formed a distinct clade within the evolutionary radiation of the family Micromonosporaceae and clustered with members of the genus Catellatospora. The nearest neighbours were Catellatospora citrea subsp. citrea and C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica. Chemotaxonomic data, such as the presence of meso- and 3-hydroxy-diaminopimelic acids, N-glycolyl type muramic acid, arabinose and xylose and glucose in whole-cell hydrolysates, phosphatidylethanolamine as a diagnostic phospholipid, a tetrahydrogenated menaquinone with 9 isoprene units as a major menaquinone and fatty acid profiles predominated by iso-branched hexadecanoic acid and iso-branched pentadecanoic acid, supported the affiliation of the novel isolates to the genus Catellatospora. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed the novel isolates to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the three recognized Catellatospora species. The three isolates therefore represent novel species for which the names Catellatospora chokoriensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-25(1)T=JCM 12950T=DSM 44900T], Catellatospora coxensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-29(17)T=JCM 12951T=DSM 44901T] and Catellatospora bangladeshensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-70(23)T=JCM 12949T=DSM 44899T], are proposed. DNA-DNA hybridization tests with C. citrea subsp. citrea and C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica, in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, demonstrated that C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica should be elevated to a separate species for which the name Catellatospora methionotrophica sp. nov., comb. nov. is proposed (type strain JCM 7543T=DSM 44098T).