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Delta neutrophil index (DNI), representing an elevated fraction of circulating immature granulocyte in acute infection, has been reported as a useful, predictable marker for mortality in patients with sepsis. We have hypothesized that an increased recipient DNI is associated with poor prognosis in cadaver donor kidney transplantation. We investigated patients undergoing kidney transplantation from cadaver donors from March 2013 to January 2018. Rejection was diagnosed by kidney biopsy with Banff classification and excluded subclinical rejection. In a total of 73 patients undergoing cadaver kidney transplantation, 25 (34.2%) patients were diagnosed with rejection based on the Banff classification. Among them, 11 patients were diagnosed with early rejection. The recipients' postoperative DNI (%) was different between patients with early rejection and patients without rejection (0.18 vs 1.21, P <.001). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, cold ischemic time, donor preoperative last creatinine level, postoperative DNI level, and perioperative infection were predictive of early rejection. However, in a multivariate adjusted logistic regression test, only a high level of DNI (odds ratio 12.307, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–129.82) was associated with early rejection. The C-statistic was 0.777 (95% CI 0.604–0.951, P =.004) for DNI. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the donor's last creatinine level (hazard ratio 2.25, 95% CI 1.26–4.13) and preoperative DNI (hazard ratio 14.02 95% CI 2.62–75.26) were predictors of renal survival. Increased DNI in cadaver donor kidney transplantation recipients might be one of the predictive values of early kidney rejection and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]