Search

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper gives an overview of FLT in the German-speaking regions of Europe from medieval times to the present day, within a framework of language politics, communicative needs and educational ideologies. The languages addressed are French, Italian, Spanish, English, Russian and Turkish. Basic social and professional data of the various groups of teachers are provided. Formats of teaching discussed range from private tuition to state school curricula.

Four-dimensional (4D) topographic point clouds contain information on surface change processes and their spatial and temporal characteristics, such as the duration, location, and extent of mass movements. To automatically extract and analyze changes and patterns in surface activity from this data, methods considering the spatial and temporal properties are required. The commonly used model-to-model cloud comparison (M3C2) point cloud distance reduces uncertainty through spatial averaging for bitemporal analysis. To extend this concept into the full spatiotemporal domain, we use a Kalman filter for change analysis in point cloud time series. The filter incorporates M3C2 distances together with uncertainties obtained through error propagation as Bayesian priors in a dynamic model. The Kalman filter yields a smoothed estimate of the change time series for each spatial location in the scene, again associated with an uncertainty. Through the temporal smoothing, the Kalman filter uncertainty is generally lower than the individual bitemporal uncertainties, which therefore allows the detection of more changes as significant. We apply our method to a dataset of tri-hourly terrestrial laser scanning point clouds of around 90 d (674 epochs) showcasing a debris-covered high-mountain slope affected by gravitational mass movements and snow cover dynamics in Tyrol, Austria. The method enables us to almost double the number of points where change is detected as significant (from 24 % to 47 % of the area of interest) compared to bitemporal M3C2 with error propagation. Since the Kalman filter interpolates the time series, the estimated change values can be temporally resampled. This provides a solution for subsequent analysis methods that are unable to deal with missing data, as may be caused by, e.g., foggy or rainy weather conditions or temporary occlusion. Furthermore, noise in the time series is reduced by the spatiotemporal filter. By comparison to the raw time series and temporal median smoothing, we highlight the main advantage of our method, which is the extraction of a smoothed best estimate time series for change and associated uncertainty at each location. A drawback of the Kalman filter is that it is ill-suited to accurately model discrete events of large magnitude. It excels, however, at detecting gradual or continuous changes at small magnitudes. In conclusion, the combined consideration of temporal and spatial information in the data enables a notable reduction in the associated uncertainty in quantified change values for each point in space and time, in turn allowing the extraction of more information from the 4D point cloud dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic extraction of surface activity from near-continuous 3D time series is essential for geographic monitoring of natural scenes. Recent change analysis methods leverage the temporal domain to improve the detection in time and the spatial delineation of surface changes, which occur with highly variable spatial and temporal properties. 4D objects-by-change (4D-OBCs) are specifically designed to extract individual surface activities which may occur in the same area, both consecutively or simultaneously. In this paper, we investigate how the extraction of 4D-OBCs can improve by considering uncertainties associated to change magnitudes using Kalman filtering of surface change time series. Based on the change rate contained in the Kalman state vector, the method automatically detects timespans of accumulation and erosion processes. This renders change detection independent from a globally fixed minimum detectable change value. Considering uncertainties associated to change allows detecting and classifying more occurrences of relevant surface activity, depending on the change rate and magnitude. We compare the Kalman-based seed detection to a regression-based method using a three-month tri-hourly terrestrial laser scanning time series (763 epochs) acquired of mass movements at a high-mountain slope in Austria. The Kalman-based method successfully identifies all relevant changes at the example location for the extraction of 4D-OBCs, without requiring the definition of a global minimum change magnitude. In the future, we will further investigate which kind of change detection method is best suited for which types of surface activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual laser scanning (VLS) allows the generation of realistic point cloud data at a fraction of the costs required for real acquisitions. It also allows carrying out experiments that would not be feasible or even impossible in the real world, e.g., due to time constraints or when hardware does not exist. A critical part of a simulation is an adequate substitution of reality. In the case of VLS, this concerns the scanner, the laser-object interaction, and the scene. In this contribution, we present a method to recreate a realistic dynamic scene, where the surface changes over time. We first apply change detection and quantification on a real dataset of an erosion-affected high-mountain slope in Tyrol, Austria, acquired with permanent terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Then, we model and extract the time series of a single change form, and transfer it to a virtual model scene. The benefit of such a transfer is that no physical modelling of the change processes is required. In our example, we use a Kalman filter with subsequent clustering to extract a set of erosion rills from a time series of high-resolution TLS data. The change magnitudes quantified at the locations of these rills are then transferred to a triangular mesh, representing the virtual scene. Subsequently, we apply VLS to investigate the detectability of such erosion rills from airborne laser scanning at multiple subsequent points in time. This enables us to test if, e.g., a certain flying altitude is appropriate in a disaster response setting for the detection of areas exposed to immediate danger. To ensure a successful transfer, the spatial resolution and the accuracy of the input dataset are much higher than the accuracy and resolution that are being simulated. Furthermore, the investigated change form is detected as significant in the input data. We, therefore, conclude the model of the dynamic scene derived from real TLS data to be an appropriate substitution for reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block injection for tunnel sealing – State of the art or call for negligence When sealing tunnels excavated by mining operations with a waterproofing geomembrane (GM), leakages occur repeatedly after the mountain water level has risen again, as the GM presses against potential defects on the outside of the concrete inner shell. Since these defects cannot be completely avoided, cement injection between the GM and the concrete inner liner (block injection) is carried out in the neighbouring countries of Austria and Switzerland according to the rules and regulations and thus the state of the art there. In Germany, on the other hand, according to the applicable rules and regulations, only one grouting in the roof ridge and the installation of an additional testing and injection system is carried out as planned. Proponents of this system argue that a block injection does not allow for a later direct control of possible water ingress and and therefore less attention is paid to the manufacturing quality of the inner shell. The paper presents both approaches for discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The prospective randomized multicenter Freeway study evaluated the possible hemodynamic and clinical benefits of primary stent insertion followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with drug-eluting balloons (DEB) over post-stent insertion PTA with standard balloons in the treatment of symptomatic femoropopliteal arteriosclerotic lesions.Methods: In total, 204 patients in 13 centers in Germany and Austria were enrolled and randomized to primary stenting followed by either FREEWAY™ drug-eluting balloon or standard PTA balloon angioplasty. The primary endpoint was the rate of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 6 months; the secondary endpoints include TLR rate at 12 months and primary patency, shift in Rutherford classification, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and major adverse events (MAE) at 6 and 12 months. Lesion characteristics and vessel patency were analyzed by an independent and blinded corelab.Results: At 6-month and 12-month follow-up, TLR rate was lower in the DEB arm compared to standard PTA but did not reach statistical significance (4.1% vs. 9.0% p = 0.234 and 7.9% vs. 17.7% p = 0.064, respectively). Primary patency was significantly better for patients treated with the DEB at 6 months (90.3% vs. 69.8% p = 0.001) and 12 months (77.4% vs. 61.0% p = 0.027). Improvement in Rutherford classifications was likewise significantly better for patients in the DEB group at 6 (94.9% vs. 84.3% p = 0.027) and 12 months (95.5% vs. 79.9% p = 0.003). The percentage of patients with an improved ABI of 1.0-1.2 was significantly higher in the DEB group compared to the PTA group at 6 months (55.3% vs. 35.3%; p = 0.015) but without significant difference at 12 months (48.2% vs. 32.9%; p = 0.055). At 6 months, rate of major adverse events (MAE) was 1% in both arms, and at 12 months 2.2% for the DEB and 3.8% for the PTA group.Conclusion: The Freeway Stent Study shows that the usage of DEB as a restenosis prophylaxis seems to be safe and feasible. The 12-month follow-up results give a clear sign in favor of the DEB group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate temporal trends and contemporary use of insulin pump therapy and glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes.Research Design and Methods: In a population-based study, we analyzed the use of insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) from 1995 to 2017 in patients with type 1 diabetes identified from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) database in Germany and Austria. Patients were stratified by age, sex, migration background, and country.Results: Among 96,547 patients with type 1 diabetes (median age 17.9 years, 53% males), the percentage using insulin pump therapy increased from 1% in 1995 to 53% in 2017, with the highest rates in the youngest patients (92% in preschoolers, 74% in children, 56% in adolescents aged <15 years, 46% in adolescents aged ≥15 years, 37% in adults). The percentage of patients using CGM increased from 3% in 2006 to 38% in 2017, with the highest rates in the youngest patients (58%, 52%, 45%, 33%, and 15% of respective age-groups). Daily SMBG frequencies increased from 1995 to 2016 and decreased afterward, most prominently in the youngest patients. Between 2015 and 2017, pump therapy was more frequently used in female versus male adolescents and adults (all P < 0.001), while no sex differences were observed for pump use in children <10 years (all P = 1.0) and for CGM use in all age-groups (all P = 1.0).Conclusions: Since 1995, insulin pump use has continuously increased, and insulin pump therapy is now standard in patients aged <15 years. CGM use sharply rose in recent years, particularly in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Insulin dose-adjusted hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C, IDAA1c) correlates well with stimulated C-peptide levels, but has not yet been evaluated in a large cohort of patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods We investigated prevalence of partial remission (PREM) defined by IDAA1c ≤9 in 3657 in children with new-onset T1D who were continuously followed over 6 years. We evaluated the predictors of PREM using the multicenter database from the DPV (Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation) registry. Results PREM occurred in 71% of patients. Median duration was 9 (0-21) months. Compared to children <5 years at T1D onset, those aged 5-10 and ≥10 years had twice the chance of developing PREM (OR: 2.08, CI: 1.67-2.60; P < .001 and OR: 2.16, CI: 1.70-2.75; P < .001). Boys were more likely to develop PREM than girls (OR 1.41, CI: 1.18-1.69; P = .0002). Further predictors for PREM were: ketoacidosis, autoantibodies, and HbA1c at T1D onset. These results were confirmed by quantile regression analysis with duration of PREM as dependent variable. Conclusion This research on a large cohort provides insight into epidemiologic characteristics of PREM in T1D defined by IDAA1c. As IDAA1c does not discriminate between insulin sensitivity and secretion, available data cannot resolve whether the sex-difference in PREM reflects innate higher insulin resistance in girls, or better beta-cell recovery in boys. Further research is needed to clarify the usefulness and performance of IDAA1c in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historical Social Research - Supplement is the property of GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The revised empirical model for in- and outflow calculation of Upper Lake Constance has provided satisfying results supported by measured values. The given model was implemented to simulate total water inputs of the lake during the period from 1941 to 2000 with emphasis on the flood conditions of 1999. Analysis of annual water input development reveals a tendency toward slight increases until the 1960s. Thereafter, a reduction in inputs can be noted. This trend probably continues to hold true to present. Weather conditions of given individual years have caused distinct fluctuations to the water budget. Unusual meteorological conditions led to extreme flooding in early May of 1999. Daily water inputs of up to 200 mio m3 generated the highest water levels ever observed for this time of the year. Continual extraordinarily high water inputs occurring from February until July and then again from September until the end of 1999 resulted in the second largest annual total water input recorded since 1941. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article discusses the personification of a series of rulers and sovereigns from Rudolf the first, Heilige Georg, Herzog Alba, Albrecht the first, Albrecht the second and Rudolf the second, in paintings. The author describes the depiction of the rulers as the transcendental condition of the legitimate source of the Habsburg claim to power. The "semantically complex images" depict the rulers in scenes that are exaggerated or fabricated, or standing on a dragon, in order to demonstrate the power of the rulers, rather than real events.

AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONLong COVID presents global challenges for healthcare professionals. Occupational therapists responded by seeking effective treatment strategies. The approaches of occupational therapists supporting long-haulers in German-speaking countries remain under-explored. The purpose of this study is to explore how occupational therapists in Germany, Austria and Switzerland navigate and apply profession-specific strategies in the new clinical landscape of Long COVID care.This study used qualitative-descriptive design and content analysis to extract insights from seven semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists in inpatient and outpatient settings from three countries.Four overarching themes emerged: how Long COVID was encountered within the scope of occupational therapy, the multifaceted repertoire experts used to support long haulers, triumphs and challenges that emerged in Long COVID treatment, and recommendations and opportunities for occupational therapy practice. The results underscore the complex support needed for long-haulers, achieved through a multifaceted occupational therapy repertoire, incorporating client-centred, occupation-focused, and context-referencing strategies with shared decision-making and collaborative therapy planning.Occupational therapy concepts, with their focus on human occupation, may offer new treatment options and strategies for managing emerging conditions such as Long COVID.Long COVID-RehabilitationSymptom management in relation to the clients’ occupational repertoire improves participation and social function in everyday life.Actively involving clients in the therapy process through shared decision-making enhances tailored rehabilitation.Contextualized interventions take into account clients’ needs and concerns, as well as the requirements of their social and professional environment.Teletherapy can be a pragmatic solution to improve the accessibility of rehabilitation services for those affected by long COVID.Long COVID-RehabilitationSymptom management in relation to the clients’ occupational repertoire improves participation and social function in everyday life.Actively involving clients in the therapy process through shared decision-making enhances tailored rehabilitation.Contextualized interventions take into account clients’ needs and concerns, as well as the requirements of their social and professional environment.Teletherapy can be a pragmatic solution to improve the accessibility of rehabilitation services for those affected by long COVID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]