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The short tandem repeat systems (STRs) D12S391 and CSF1P0 were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood samples from 100 to 158 unrelated Austrians, Italians, Yemenians and Egyptians. The samples were analyzed by both native and denaturing electrophoresis and two primer pairs were tested for the CSF1PO locus. Except for the CSF1PO data on the Egyptians, no deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected. For D12S391, no significant differences were found between the two Arab populations and between the two European populations, but the differences between both Arab populations and the Italians were significant. For CSF1PO, differences were only observed between the Yemenians and all three other populations. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium between the two STRs was found. The observation of a D12S391 allele consisting of only 14 repeats was confirmed by sequencing.

The short tandem repeat TPOX was studied using two different pairs of primers and three different electrophoretic methods with the aim of optimizing and standardizing the typing conditions for this locus. A genetic population study was subsequently conducted on two population samples from Central Italy (151 individuals) and from Austria (153 individuals) and compared using an R x C contingency table. With the aim of using this system for forensic samples, differences in sensitivity between the methods utilized were studied and several parameters of forensic interest for the two populations (PD, MEC, MEP, pM, PIC) were calculated. A new multiplex system for the loci CSF1PO, TPOX and CD4 is also presented.