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In this study, we review the principles of blast array design for vibration reduction and we present a parametric Laplace‐domain model to predict source time functions for mine blasts that accounts for the relation between charge weight and frequency. We developed the model for one of Europe's largest iron ore mines, Mt. Erzberg, Austria, where we repeatedly monitored production blasts with arrays of 80–125 seismic sensors. Our model enables us to simulate not only resonance modes and Doppler shifts but also time‐domain waveforms. We use the normalized cross‐correlation coefficient of observed and synthetic waveforms to calibrate the model. The overall good match of our predictions suggests that our modelling of the source time functions could be used for more advanced predictions of the peak ground velocity, which is essential to designing charge weight distributions in modern mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GNSS tomography is a novel technique which uses the GNSS data for resolving a temporal and spatial field of the atmospheric water vapour above a network of receivers. In the GNSS tomography process, the integrated information about the amount of water vapour between a GNSS satellite and each single GNSS ground station, i.e., Slant Total Delay (STD) observations, are required. The tomography works on a spatial grid and tries to spread the integral slant delays on the different grid cells. The state-of-the-art studies are focused on the development of the GNSS tomography solution. Recent research shows that the GNSS tomography results can be improved by an introduction of additional observations, such as vertical profiles of refractivity, into the equation system.The vertical profile of wet refractivity can be derived, e.g., from GNSS radio occultation (RO) data. The radio occultation is a remote sensing technique for measuring atmospheric properties using GNSS signals. It provides high-resolution vertical soundings that have low sensitivity to clouds and precipitation, over both land and ocean. The space-based GNSS RO technique measures the excess phase delay and Doppler shift of a GNSS radio signal which results from the atmospheric refraction of the signal along the path between the transmitting GNSS satellite and receiver in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Because of the vertical and temporal resolution, and high precision and accuracy of the RO technique, introducing the wet refractivity profiles derived from the radio occultation data can considerably improve the tomography solution.In this study, the potential of the use of vertical profiles of refractivity derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) in the 'ATom' GNSS tomography software has been investigated. The COSMIC data are of good quality and penetrate the Earth's surface very close; 70% - 90% of the soundings reach to within 1 km of the surface on a global basis. The GNSS tomography in the domain of Central Europe (Austria, south Germany, south-west Poland), using STD observations of 174 GNSS reference stations, in two weeks from September 1, 2017, to September 15, 2017, has been performed. In this period, 6 GNSS RO events occurred in the domain area. The RO observations have been added to the equation system as constraints. The advantages and benefits of the combination of the GNSS tomography and RO technique for the estimation of atmospheric wet refractivity fields are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1842, an Austrian professor of mathematics and practical geometry, Christian Doppler, presented results of his investigations in the field of astronomy, without any clue that they would become important principles of modern ultrasound diagnostics. Almost a century later, at the University of Osaka, Japan, S. Satomura first applied these principles to measure the blood flow velocities in peripheral and extracranial brain-supplying vessels. The father of tissue Doppler imaging is Karl Isaaz, a French scientist, who was the first to realize the importance of clinical and diagnostic potentials of tissue Doppler imaging. Today, this noninvasive echocardiographic method is widely used in evaluation of myocardial function, especially in diagnosing of diastolic heart failure and early diagnosis of coronary artery disease, but also in diffrential diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis and aberrant myocardial conduction. It is also an antecedent of "stain rate", a new sensitive method for diagnosing myocardial diseases.

It is impossible, nowadays, to imagine modern medical diagnostic without devices that work on the basis of "Dopplers Effect". Within medicine (in medical diagnostic as well as in medical therapy" "Dopplers Effect" is mainly used indirectly, in other words, using the devices based on "Dopplers Effect", due the the gathering of some useful results, but their physics background or direct usage and understanding of this scientific theory are usually left outside. The physical nature of "Dopplers Effect", biographical facts on J.C. Doppler and main ways of "Dopplers Effect" usage are mentioned in the following thesis.