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Background: A significant body of literature has examined the impact of verbal and non‐verbal bullying in surgical settings, where a central focus has been on the experiences of trainee and junior members of the surgical team, women in surgery and other health professionals, such as nurses. Research on how surgeons' perceive or experience bullying is more limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the views of surgeons on negative and disrespectful verbal and non‐verbal behaviour and bullying in surgical settings, including its impact on surgeons themselves and the surgical staff they oversee. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with surgeons between February and November 2019. Questions explored surgeons' perceptions of interpersonal communication and behaviour in their surgical workplaces in the preceding 6‐months. A narrative analysis approach was used to code, interpret, and report the interview data. Results: Thirty‐one interviews were conducted with surgeons (19 male and 12 female), from Australia (26) and Aotearoa New Zealand (5) from 10 surgical specialties. Three themes were identified with associated subthemes: bullying (five subthemes), non‐verbal bullying (seven subthemes), and impact and outcomes of bullying (six subthemes). Conclusion: This study revealed a notable shift in the reported verbal and non‐verbal bullying behaviour among surgeons, demonstrating a decrease in intensity, physicality and violence for the 6‐months prior to interviews conducted in 2019, when compared with surgeons' historic experiences. Despite reported behaviour being more subtle and indirect, it nonetheless continues to have a marked impact on many surgeons as well as the staff they oversee. This study investigated the perspectives of surgeons on disrespectful behaviour and bullying in surgical settings. Thirty‐one interviews with surgeons from Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand were conducted, revealing three themes: verbal bullying, non‐verbal bullying, and the impact and outcomes of bullying. Despite becoming more subtle and indirect, bullying continues to significantly impact surgeons and the staff they oversee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous theories apply to fear of crime and each are associated with different kinds of variables. Most studies use only one theory, though this study examines the relative importance of different kinds of variables across a number of theories. The study uses data from a survey of residents in Brisbane, Australia to examine the relative importance of individual attributes, neighbourhood disorder, social processes and neighbourhood structure in predicting fear of crime. Individual attributes and neighbourhood disorder were found to be important predictors of fear of crime, while social processes and neighbourhood structure were found to be far less important. The theoretical implications are that the vulnerability hypothesis and the incivilities thesis are most appropriate for investigating fear of crime, though social disorganization theory does provide conceptual support for the incivilities thesis. Although social processes are less important in predicting fear of crime than neighbourhood incivilities, they are still integrally related to fear of crime: they explain how incivilities arise, they buffer against fear of crime, and they are affected by fear of crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]