100 results on '"Thomas, A. L."'
Search Results
2. 'Drugs and alcohol get talked about, why not betting?: ' young men's qualitative insights about strategies to prevent gambling harm
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Nyemcsok, Christian, Pitt, Hannah, Kremer, Peter, and Thomas, Samantha L
- Published
- 2023
3. What does it cost to provide equity of access to high quality, comprehensive primary health care in rural Australia?: A pilot study
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Thomas, S L, Wakerman, J, and Humphreys, J S
- Published
- 2017
4. New International Academics' Narratives of Cross-Cultural Transition
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Thomas, Sharon L. and Malau-Aduli, Bunmi S.
- Abstract
Increasing numbers of academics world-wide are migrating as higher education institutions internationalise. Yet academics' experiences of cross-cultural transition remain underexplored, especially in comparison with students. This small-scale narrative study, employing focus group interviews, aimed to explore the cross-cultural transition experiences of international academics at one multi-campus university in regional Australia. This research was not institutionally driven. Rather, it was instigated by the researchers out of concern for the welfare of new international academics at their institution. The findings are compelling, some of which underscore existing research findings of other migrating groups--for example, the complex, challenging, highly individualised nature of cross-cultural transition experiences. Some findings, however, are unique to this group of academics--for example, the "culture of silence" that permeated most aspects of their professional lives as well as the challenges inherent in developing a professional identity in a small, isolated, parochial community. These latter findings are disquieting as they highlight a gap between policy and practice within the university. More disturbingly, they are resonant of the neoliberalist ideology currently dominating higher education where hyperindividualism and survival-of-the-fittest mentalities erode collegiality. There are salutary messages for the myriad groups who work in higher education institutions about the "cost" associated with an absence of comprehensive, systematic institutional transition support for international academics. Recommendations specifically aimed at new international academics include: a revision of workload models; general and pedagogically-specific induction workshops; professional learning (cross-cultural transition) workshops for support staff and senior management; and the establishment of support groups for the academics and their families.
- Published
- 2013
5. Prey-caching in the Nankeen Kestrel 'Falco cenchroides', and a review of caching in other Australian falcons
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Fitzsimons, James A, Thomas, Janelle L, and Debus, Stephen JS
- Published
- 2019
6. Young people's views about the use of celebrities and social media influencers in gambling marketing.
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Pitt, Hannah, McCarthy, Simone, Randle, Melanie, Daube, Mike, and Thomas, Samantha L
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FOCUS groups ,SOCIAL media ,CONSUMER attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,GAMBLING ,MARKETING ,RISK assessment ,ADVERTISING ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL status ,STATISTICAL sampling ,JUDGMENT sampling ,THEMATIC analysis ,TRUST - Abstract
Young people's exposure to gambling marketing has had a clear impact on their gambling attitudes, risk perceptions and consumption intentions. Celebrities and social media influencers (SMIs) are increasingly used by the gambling industry in a wide range of promotions. While there is evidence that these types of promotions are influential in shaping young people's attitudes towards other harmful products, there is limited evidence in relation to gambling. Qualitative focus groups (n = 22) with n = 64, 12–17 year olds were conducted in Australia. These investigated young people's exposure to celebrity and SMI marketing for gambling and the influence they perceived this marketing had on young people's gambling attitudes. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to construct four themes from the data. First, young people perceived that celebrities and SMIs created additional appeal and recall of gambling advertisements because they were attention grabbing and familiar. Second, young people thought that celebrities and SMIs increased the trust, legitimacy and social acceptance of gambling. Third, the use of celebrities and SMIs lowered the perceptions of risk associated with gambling. Lastly, there were suggestions to reduce the impact of celebrity and SMI gambling promotions on young people, such as bans and restrictions. This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to preventing young people's exposure to gambling marketing, that not only considers imposing stronger regulations to restrict the way the gambling industry is allowed to promote its products, but also aims to counter the novel ways the gambling industry attempts to appeal to children and young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. The big gamble: The need for a comprehensive research approach to understanding the causes and consequences of gambling harm in Australia
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Thomas, Samantha L and Thomas, Stuart DM
- Published
- 2015
8. Effectiveness of the Australian MATES in Construction Suicide Prevention Program: a systematic review.
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Gullestrup, Jorgen, King, Tania, Thomas, Samantha L, and LaMontagne, Anthony D
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WORK environment ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,STRATEGIC planning ,SUICIDE prevention ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PUBLIC health ,MENTAL health ,HUMAN services programs ,JOB involvement ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Suicide is a major public health issue globally. The World Health Organization has called for nations to create comprehensive national suicide prevention strategies including multisectoral collaboration, awareness raising, advocacy and capacity building. The workplace provides opportunity and structure for suicide prevention programs. However, many of these programs are poorly documented and evaluated. The MATES in Construction (MATES) program is a multimodal workplace-based suicide prevention program designed for and by the construction industry. This systematic review examined the available evidence for the effectiveness of the MATES program and is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. A literature search resulted in the inclusion of 12 peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and February 2023 containing primary data of evaluations of MATES. There was evidence of the effectiveness of the MATES program in improving mental health and suicide prevention literacy, helping intentions and reducing stigma. The results highlighted the importance of worker-to-worker peer approaches with workers consistently stating that supervisors were the least trusted resources for mental health and suicide concerns. Favourable results were found in relation to reduced suicide risk in the construction industry. The evidence base for MATES is limited in terms of causal inference with very few controlled evaluations and no experimental studies having been conducted to date. Improved understanding of how the program motivates volunteers, their experiences and research on the longer-term impacts of the program on the industry is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. The lived experience of financial harm from gambling in Australia.
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Marko, Sarah, Thomas, Samantha L, Pitt, Hannah, and Daube, Mike
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INTERVIEWING , *SOCIAL stigma , *PUBLIC health , *GAMBLING , *EXPERIENCE , *QUALITATIVE research , *FINANCIAL stress , *RESEARCH funding , *DECISION making , *THEMATIC analysis , *FINANCIAL management - Abstract
The financial consequences associated with harmful gambling create significant health and social stressors for individuals, their families, and communities. However, there has been limited research exploring how people impacted by gambling harm conceptualise and experience the financial impacts on their lives. To help fill this gap, this study used in-depth qualitative interviews with gamblers harmed by their own gambling and affected others harmed by someone else's gambling. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. The study had three key findings. First, prior to experiencing harm, gamblers and affected others did not consider the financial risks associated with gambling and only recognised the risks once the financial losses negatively impacted other areas of their lives. Second, gamblers and affected others managed the day-to-day financial impacts of gambling by adjusting their financial priorities, reducing spending in other areas, or accruing debt. Finally, the financial impacts of gambling and the associated financial management strategies led to broader and long-term problems for gamblers and affected others. This study demonstrates that financial harms from gambling are complex and contribute to the stigmatisation of people who experience harm. Current educational messages and tools simplify this complex issue and may legitimise gambling as a leisure activity which can be managed by making 'responsible' financial decisions. Public health and health promotion initiatives must recognise this complexity, developing approaches that are independent from the gambling industry and informed by lived experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Strategies to prevent and reduce gambling harm in Australian women.
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McCarthy, Simone, Pitt, Hannah, Bellringer, Maria E., and Thomas, Samantha L.
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HEALTH policy ,FOCUS groups ,WOMEN ,PUBLIC health ,GAMBLING ,HARM reduction ,EXPERIENCE ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
There are increasing global concerns about women's participation in gambling, and their risk of gambling-related harm. Limited attention has been given to the range of specific and tailored strategies that may be used to prevent and reduce women's risk of gambling-related harm. This study aimed to understand how key informants in Australia conceptualised the risks facing women who gamble, and the range of tailored strategies that could be used to respond. Online focus groups were conducted with n = 15 key informants working in gambling research, policy, prevention, treatment services, and five women with lived experience of gambling harm (as Experts by Experience). A reflexive approach to thematic analysis was used to guide the data interpretation. Gambling harm was recognised as a hidden problem for women. There were a number of knowledge gaps that key informants acknowledged they had about women, with participants suggesting that older rather than younger women were most at risk of experiencing gambling harm. Participants recommended a range of de-normalisation strategies that could specifically target women – including strategies to address the barriers for women attending recreational and social alternatives, co-producing public health messages with women for public education initiatives, and providing anonymous pathways for women to participate in advocacy for gambling reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Norovirus Outbreak in Australian Army Personnel Visiting Brisbane, Queensland, February 2007
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Thomas, Dale L and Thomas, Alison E
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- 2009
12. Convenient consumption: a critical qualitative inquiry into the gambling practices of younger women in Australia.
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Thomas, Samantha L, Pitt, Hannah, Randle, Melanie, Cowlishaw, Sean, Rintoul, Angela, Kairouz, Sylvia, and Daube, Mike
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RESEARCH methodology , *WOMEN , *INTERVIEWING , *PUBLIC health , *GAMBLING , *QUALITATIVE research , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DATA analysis software , *COMPULSIVE behavior - Abstract
There are a range of stereotypes and assumptions associated with women's gambling behaviours. While researchers have demonstrated that the practices associated with women's gambling are changing and becoming increasingly normalized, there is a limited understanding of how younger women ascribe meanings to these practices. This study explored the gambling practices of younger women. Forty-one women (20–40 years) participated in qualitative telephone interviews. Participants were asked open-ended questions about personal engagement in gambling, including experiences of gambling, gambling engagement, and experiences with different gambling products and environments. Data interpretation was guided by reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were constructed from the data: (i) gambling infrastructures, including both products and the embedding of gambling in community environments, contributed to the convenient and regular consumption of gambling, with gambling easy to access and engage with; (ii) social networks and intergenerational gambling practices impacted the perceived social value and competencies related to gambling; and (iii) technology facilitated new gambling practices, routinizing gambling behaviours through automation and building perceived competencies with a range of gambling products. Gambling regulation and public health responses to gambling often focus on either individual behaviours or product characteristics. This study suggests that this focus is too narrow and excludes important influences on younger women's gambling practices, which include the infrastructure that supports the provision and consumption of gambling products. Public health research, policy and practice must consider the full range of determinants that may contribute to the initiation and continuation of gambling in younger women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Early Life Adversity and Clinical Intimate Partner Violence in Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Conflict in Adolescence.
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Thomas, Jordan L., Keenan-Miller, Danielle, Sumner, Jennifer A., and Hammen, Constance
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ADVERSE childhood experiences , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RESEARCH methodology , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *INTERVIEWING , *REGRESSION analysis , *INTIMATE partner violence , *CONFLICT (Psychology) , *EXPERIENCE , *CRIME victims , *DYADIC Adjustment Scale , *INFORMED consent (Medical law) , *INTERPERSONAL relations in adolescence , *FACTOR analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *NEGLIGENCE , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *WOUNDS & injuries , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ADULTS - Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with adverse outcomes for both victims and perpetrators, though there is significant heterogeneity in manifestations of relationship violence. A growing amount of research has focused on elucidating predictors of clinical IPV—defined as severe violence involving institutional or medical intervention due to actual or potential injury—so as to better understand potential prevention and intervention targets. Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with IPV in adulthood, yet this literature focuses on discrete, retrospectively reported adversities (e.g., physical abuse and neglect) and has yet to consider clinical IPV as an outcome. Little is known about if and how broadly adverse early environments may confer risk for this specific form of relationship violence. We investigated associations between exposure to ELA prior to age five and clinical IPV victimization and perpetration by age 20 in a longitudinal, community-based sample of men and women in Australia (N = 588). Early life adversity was prospectively indexed by maternal reports of financial hardship, child chronic illness, maternal stressful life events, maternal depressive symptoms, parental discord, and parental separation. Youth interpersonal conflict life events at age 15—an interviewer-rated assessment of episodic stressors involving conflict across relationships in mid-adolescence—was tested as a potential mediator for both victims and perpetrators. Among women, ELA predicted IPV victimization and perpetration, and interpersonal conflict life events partially mediated the link between ELA and victimization, but not perpetration. Neither ELA nor interpersonal conflict life events predicted victimization or perpetration among men. Women exposed to ELA are at-risk for conflictual interpersonal relationships later in life, including violent intimate relationships, and deficits in conflict resolution skills may be one mechanism through which ELA leads to IPV victimization among this subgroup. Violence prevention and intervention efforts should target interpersonal skills, including conflict resolution, among women and girls exposed to adverse early environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Cost of postoperative ileus following colorectal surgery: A cost analysis in the Australian public hospital setting.
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Traeger, Luke, Koullouros, Michalis, Bedrikovetski, Sergei, Kroon, Hidde M., Thomas, Michelle L., Moore, James W., and Sammour, Tarik
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COST analysis ,PUBLIC hospitals ,PROCTOLOGY ,BOWEL obstructions ,HOSPITAL costs - Abstract
Aim: Postoperative ileus (POI) following surgery results in significant morbidity, drastically increasing hospital costs. As there are no specific Australian data, this study aimed to measure the cost of POI after colorectal surgery in an Australian public hospital. Methods: A cost analysis was performed, for major elective colorectal surgical cases between 2018 and 2021 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. POI was defined as not achieving GI‐2, the validated composite measure, by postoperative day 4. Demographics, length of stay and 30‐day complications were recorded retrospectively. Costings in Australian dollars were collected from comprehensive hospital billing data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Of the 415 patients included, 34.9% (n = 145) developed POI. POI was more prevalent in males, smokers, previous intra‐abdominal surgery, and converted laparoscopic surgery (p < 0.05). POI was associated with increased length of stay (8 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001) and with higher rates of complications such as pneumonia (15.2% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.027). Total cost of inpatient care was 26.4% higher after POI (AU$37,690 vs. AU$29,822, p < 0.001). POI was associated with increased staffing costs, as well as diagnostics, pharmacy, and hospital services. On multivariate analysis POI, elderly patients, stoma formation, large bowel surgery, prolonged theatre time, complications and length of stay were predictive of increased costs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In Australia, POI is significantly associated with increased complications and higher costs due to prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare resource utilisation. Efforts to reduce POI rates could diminish its morbidity and associated expenses, decreasing the burden on the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. Quantification of ethnic differences in facial profile
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Sheridan, Charles S, Thomas, CDavid L, and Clement, John G
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- 1997
16. Young people in Australia discuss strategies for preventing the normalisation of gambling and reducing gambling harm.
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Pitt, Hannah, Thomas, Samantha L., Randle, Melanie, Cowlishaw, Sean, Arnot, Grace, Kairouz, Sylvia, and Daube, Mike
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YOUNG adults , *SPORTS betting , *HEALTH policy , *POWER (Social sciences) , *SOCIAL injustice - Abstract
Background: The normalisation of gambling for young people has received considerable recent attention in the public health literature, particularly given the proliferation of gambling marketing aligned with sport. A range of studies and reports into the health and wellbeing of young people have recommended that they should be consulted and engaged in developing public health policy and prevention strategies. There are, however, very few opportunities for young people to have a say about gambling issues, with little consideration of their voices in public health recommendations related to gambling. This study aimed to address this gap by documenting young people's perceptions about strategies that could be used to counter the normalisation of gambling and prevent gambling related harm.Methods: This study took a critical qualitative inquiry approach, which acknowledges the role of power and social injustice in health issues. Qualitative interviews, using a constructivist approach, were conducted with 54 young people (11-17 years) in Australia. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.Results: Five overall strategies were constructed from the data. 1) Reducing the accessibility and availability of gambling products; 2) Changing gambling infrastructure to help reduce the risks associated with gambling engagement; 3) Untangling the relationship between gambling and sport; 4) Restrictions on advertising; and 5) Counter-framing in commercial messages about gambling.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that young people have important insights and provide recommendations for addressing factors that may contribute to the normalisation of gambling, including strategies to prevent gambling related harm. Young people hold similar views to public health experts about strategies aimed at de-normalising gambling in their local communities and have strong opinions about the need for gambling to be removed from sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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17. Electronic gambling machine harm in older women: a public health determinants perspective.
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McCarthy, Simone, Pitt, Hannah, Bellringer, Maria E., and Thomas, Samantha L.
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RISK-taking behavior ,CULTURE ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,ECONOMIC impact ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,GROUNDED theory ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-evaluation ,INTERVIEWING ,ECOLOGY ,SOCIAL factors ,GAMBLING ,RISK assessment ,EXPERIENCE ,ELECTRONICS ,WOMEN'S health ,MIDDLE age ,OLD age - Abstract
Background: Women make up a significant proportion of all gamblers globally. However, there has been limited research which has explored women's gambling and the factors that may make women, and subgroups of women, vulnerable to harm. Methods: Using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 women aged 55 years and over who regularly gambled on electronic gambling machines (EGMs). Results Key factors were identified to illustrate older women's experiences of gambling and are presented according to four determinants of health: Individual; socio-cultural; environmental; and commercial. While this research confirms that older women's gambling behaviors are strongly influenced by individual and socio-cultural factors, gambling environments, and industry practices are also influential. Conclusion A model illustrates the interplay of individual, socio-cultural, environmental, and commercial determinants, and the article proposes how they may contribute to gambling harm in older Australian women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Local recurrences in western low rectal cancer patients treated with or without lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy: An international multi-centre comparative study.
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Kroon, Hidde M., Malakorn, Songphol, Dudi-Venkata, Nagendra N., Bedrikovetski, Sergei, Liu, Jianliang, Kenyon-Smith, Tim, Bednarski, Brian K., Ogura, Atsushi, van de Velde, Cornelis J.H., Rutten, Harm J.T., Beets, Geerard L., Thomas, Michelle L., Kusters, Miranda, Chang, George J., and Sammour, Tarik
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LYMPHADENECTOMY ,RECTAL cancer ,CANCER patients ,OVERALL survival ,SENTINEL lymph nodes ,ADJUVANT chemotherapy ,RECTUM - Abstract
In the West, low rectal cancer patients with abnormal lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) are commonly treated with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). Additionally, some perform a lateral lymph node dissection (LLND). To date, no comparative data (nCRT vs. nCRT + LLND) are available in Western patients. An international multi-centre cohort study was conducted at six centres from the Netherlands, US and Australia. Patients with low rectal cancers from the Netherlands and Australia with abnormal LLNs (≥5 mm short-axis in the obturator, internal iliac, external iliac and/or common iliac basin) who underwent nCRT and TME (LLND-group) were compared to similarly staged patients from the US who underwent a LLND in addition to nCRT and TME (LLND + group). LLND + patients (n = 44) were younger with higher ASA-classifications and ypN-stages compared to LLND-patients (n = 115). LLND + patients had larger median LLNs short-axes and received more adjuvant chemotherapy (100 vs. 30%; p < 0.0001). Between groups, the local recurrence rate (LRR) was 3% for LLND + vs. 11% for LLND- (p = 0.13). Disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.94) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.42) were similar. On multivariable analysis, LLND was an independent significant factor for local recurrences (p = 0.01). Sub-analysis of patients who underwent long-course nCRT and had adjuvant chemotherapy (LLND-n = 30, LLND + n = 44) demonstrated a lower LRR for LLND + patients (3% vs. 16% for LLND-; p = 0.04). DFS (p = 0.10) and OS (p = 0.11) were similar between groups. A LLND in addition to nCRT may improve loco-regional control in Western patients with low rectal cancer and abnormal LLNs. Larger studies in Western patients are required to evaluate its contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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19. 'It's basically everywhere': young adults' perceptions of gambling advertising in the UK.
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Torrance, Jamie, Roderique-Davies, Gareth, Thomas, Samantha L, Davies, Nyle, and John, Bev
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GAMBLING & psychology ,ADVERTISING ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,PUBLIC health ,INTERVIEWING ,COMPARATIVE studies ,QUALITATIVE research ,SURVEYS ,HARM reduction ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,INTERNET addiction ,THEMATIC analysis ,RISK management in business ,POLICY sciences ,STATISTICAL sampling ,COMPULSIVE behavior - Abstract
In comparison to jurisdictions, such as Australia, limited research has focused upon the perceptions and reported effects of gambling advertising within the unique gambling environment of the UK. An online qualitative survey was conducted with 62 young adult gamblers in the UK. The survey investigated the place, meaning and influence of gambling advertising within the lives of the participants. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with qualitative data interpreted using inductive thematic analysis techniques. Three themes were identified. Firstly, young adults were highly cognizant of UK gambling advertising strategies. Second, young adults were able to describe the influence of gambling advertising including its normalizing effect and proliferation of misleading messages. Finally, young adults perceived that current harm minimization strategies, including responsible gambling messages, were ineffective. Many were supportive of increased regulation of gambling advertising. The findings indicate that young adults are aware of the potential risks associated with gambling advertising and are supportive of regulatory reform. It is important that the views and perspectives of young adults are fully considered by regulators and policy makers in the UK, particularly as they are a potential target demographic for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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20. Intraoral human herpes viruses detectable by PCR in majority of patients.
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Yap, Tami, Khor, Shuan, Kim, Jung Seo, Kim, Jaeyoung, Kim, Sung Yun, Kern, Johannes S., Martyres, Raymond, Varigos, George, Chan, Hiu Tat, McCullough, Michael J., Thomas, Melissa L, and Scardamaglia, Laura
- Subjects
DNA analysis ,HERPESVIRUS diseases ,HERPESVIRUSES ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,ORAL mucosa ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,RISK assessment ,SALIVA ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Objectives: To identify factors which influence the intraoral prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) using mucosal swabs, saliva samples and qPCR analysis. Methodology: In this cross‐sectional observational study, matched saliva and oral swabs were collected from a total of 115 subjects: 70 immunocompetent subjects with no mucosal abnormalities, 22 with mucosal abnormalities and 23 therapeutically immunocompromised individuals. Extracted DNA was analysed by multiplex qPCR for detection and quantification of HHVs 1–6. Results: At least one human herpes virus was detected in 77.1% of immunocompetent individuals with no mucosal abnormalities, with EBV the most commonly detected at 61.4%. HHV‐6 was detected in 17.1%, HSV‐1 in 4.3% and CMV in 1.1%. Detection was higher in saliva than in oral swabs. There was no detection of HSV‐2 or VZV. Neither presence of oral mucosal abnormality nor therapeutic immunocompromise was related to increased detection of human herpes virus. Conclusion: Commensal detection rates of EBV are high, and caution in clinical correlation of positive detection is warranted. Commensal CMV rates are low, and detection is likely to be clinically relevant. This study presents a comprehensive commensal detection rate of HHVs 1–6 by qPCR in saliva and swabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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21. Characteristics and preferences of volunteers in a large national bird conservation program in Australia.
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Thomas, Janelle L., Cullen, Meghan, O'Leary, Danielle, Wilson, Caroline, and Fitzsimons, James A.
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BIRD conservation , *VOLUNTEERS , *COMMUNITY involvement , *RARE birds , *WILDLIFE conservation , *BIRD populations , *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys - Abstract
Summary: Volunteers and citizen scientists can make an important contribution to bird monitoring and threatened species conservation projects. Members of BirdLife Australia's Threatened Bird Network (TBN), a programme which encouraged community participation in conservation projects for threatened birds, were surveyed in 2013 to gain an insight into their demographics and volunteering motivation and preferences. In the 2013 survey, a large proportion of survey respondents were aged between 55 and 74 years old and over half were retired, representing a higher proportion of retired participants than found in a similar study of TBN members in 2000. A large proportion (69%) of respondents had volunteered with TBN projects (occasionally or at least once per year), despite being involved with other environmental groups. Respondents that volunteered mostly preferred short‐term (one day) field‐based volunteer activities, with nearly half also preferring to travel 50 km or less to participate in a project. Less than one third of respondents had never volunteered with TBN projects; this was attributed to not enough projects close to home, time restrictions and lack of transport. Preferences of volunteers in the 2013 survey were similar to those undertaken in 2000 for the majority of responses, including the preference for the activity occurring outdoors, the importance of regular feedback from the organiser, the moderate importance placed on seeing target species and the lack of importance for the provision of transport. A higher importance was placed on the following factors in the 2013 survey responses compared to 2000 (potentially influenced by the higher number of retirees): Having activities closer to home, the activity not being too physically demanding, the opportunity for free time during the activity, good weather was predicted on the day of the activity, existing skills were adequate for the activity, and accommodation was provided if required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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22. 'Everyone knows grandma'. Pathways to gambling venues in regional Australia.
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Bestman, Amy, Thomas, Samantha L, Randle, Melanie, Pitt, Hannah, Cassidy, Rebecca, and Daube, Mike
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GAMBLING & psychology , *CHILD behavior , *COMMUNITIES , *FAMILIES , *INTERVIEWING , *PARENTS , *PLAY , *RECREATION , *SOCIAL networks , *SOCIAL skills , *QUALITATIVE research , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
In regional Australia, families (including children), attend community venues that contain gambling products, such as electronic gambling machines (EGMs), for a range of non-gambling reasons. However, there is a gap in research that seeks to understand how these venues may become embedded into family social practices. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and cultural capital, this paper aimed to explore factors that influence family decisions to attend venues and perceptions of risk associated with children's exposure to gambling products. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 parents who attended community gambling venues with their children, in New South Wales, Australia. Families attended venues for three key reasons, first because of the influence of others in their social networks, second for regular social activities and third because of structural factors such as a lack of alternative, affordable, family friendly environments in their local area. Despite recognizing the harm associated with EGMs, parents distanced themselves from EGM harm with all parents perceiving venues to be an appropriate space for families. Research in this study indicates that family social practices within venues affect perceptions of risk associated with community gambling venues. The impact of these practices on longer-term health requires more investigation by public health and health promotion researchers and practitioners. Health promotion initiatives should consider identifying alternative sources of support and/or developing alternative social spaces for families in regional communities that do not contain gambling products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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23. Parent and child perceptions of gambling promotions in Australian sport.
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David, Jennifer L, Thomas, Samantha L, Randle, Melanie, Pitt, Hannah, and Daube, Mike
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GAMBLING & psychology , *ADVERTISING , *GAMBLING , *GROUNDED theory , *HEALTH services administration , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *RESEARCH funding , *RISK-taking behavior , *SPORTS , *QUALITATIVE research , *REGULATORY approval , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *COMMUNITY-based social services , *HARM reduction , *ATHLETIC associations , *THEMATIC analysis , *PARENT attitudes , *DATA analysis software , *FAMILY attitudes , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Gambling is recognized as a significant public health problem. However, there is little research exploring community attitudes towards gambling and the development of advocacy initiatives. Engaging adults and young people in advocacy efforts is recognized as being beneficial to the successful implementation of harm prevention and reduction strategies. This study explored the attitudes of young people and their parents towards the alignment of gambling with sport, and the strategies they perceive could be used to prevent and reduce gambling related harm. Using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, 30 family groups from Melbourne, Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Parents and young people were asked about gambling and its promotion, alignment with sporting codes, the potential impact on young people and strategies that may prevent or reduce gambling harm. Thematic analysis was undertaken to interpret the data. The sample comprised 29 parents, one grandparent and 48 young people. Themes emerging from the data related to the use of imagery and appeal strategies in advertisements, the normalization of betting in advertisements and the alignment of betting with sport. Parents and young people also identified a number of potential gambling harm prevention and reduction initiatives. Parents and young people were able to describe a range of strategies used by gambling companies to promote their products, understand the potential impact of these strategies, and recommend strategies to reduce harm. Given this level of understanding there is clearly an opportunity to engage young people and stakeholders in advocacy initiatives aimed at reducing and preventing gambling harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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24. Determining the efficacy of camera traps, live capture traps, and detection dogs for locating cryptic small mammal species.
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Thomas, Morgan L., Baker, Lynn, Beattie, James R., and Baker, Andrew M.
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DETECTOR dogs , *CARNIVOROUS animals , *CAMERAS , *DRUM set , *MAMMALS , *TRAPPING - Abstract
Metal box (e.g., Elliott, Sherman) traps and remote cameras are two of the most commonly employed methods presently used to survey terrestrial mammals. However, their relative efficacy at accurately detecting cryptic small mammals has not been adequately assessed. The present study therefore compared the effectiveness of metal box (Elliott) traps and vertically oriented, close range, white flash camera traps in detecting small mammals occurring in the Scenic Rim of eastern Australia. We also conducted a preliminary survey to determine effectiveness of a conservation detection dog (CDD) for identifying presence of a threatened carnivorous marsupial, Antechinus arktos, in present‐day and historical locations, using camera traps to corroborate detections. 200 Elliott traps and 20 white flash camera traps were set for four deployments per method, across a site where the target small mammals, including A. arktos, are known to occur. Camera traps produced higher detection probabilities than Elliott traps for all four species. Thus, vertically mounted white flash cameras were preferable for detecting the presence of cryptic small mammals in our survey. The CDD, which had been trained to detect A. arktos scat, indicated in total 31 times when deployed in the field survey area, with subsequent camera trap deployments specifically corroborating A. arktos presence at 100% (3) indication locations. Importantly, the dog indicated twice within Border Ranges National Park, where historical (1980s–1990s) specimen‐based records indicate the species was present, but extensive Elliott and camera trapping over the last 5–10 years have resulted in zero A. arktos captures. Camera traps subsequently corroborated A. arktos presence at these sites. This demonstrates that detection dogs can be a highly effective means of locating threatened, cryptic species, especially when traditional methods are unable to detect low‐density mammal populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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25. Lateral Lymph Node Metastases in Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancers May Not Be Treated Effectively With Neoadjuvant (Chemo)Radiotherapy Only.
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Haanappel, Anouck, Kroon, Hidde M., Schaap, Dennis P., Bedrikovetski, Sergei, Dudi-Venkata, Nagendra N., Lee, Hong X., Thomas, Michelle L., Liu, Jianliang, van der Valk, Maxime J. M., Rutten, Harm J. T., Beets, Geerard L., Kusters, Miranda, and Sammour, Tarik
- Subjects
RECTAL cancer ,LYMPH nodes ,ABDOMINOPERINEAL resection ,PROPENSITY score matching ,SURGICAL excision ,LYMPHADENECTOMY - Abstract
Background: In the West, pre-treatment abnormal lateral lymph nodes (LLN+) in patients with a low locally advanced rectal cancer (AJCC Stage III), are treated with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (nCRT), without a lateral lymph node dissection (LLND). It has been suggested, however, that LLN+ patients have higher local recurrence (LR) rates than similarly staged patients with abnormal mesorectal lymph nodes only (LLN−), but no comparative data exist. Therefore, we conducted this international multi-center study in the Netherlands and Australia of Stage III rectal cancer patients with either LLN+ or LLN− to compare oncological outcomes from both groups. Materials and Methods: Patients with Stage III low rectal cancer with (LLN+ group) or without (LLN− group) abnormal lateral lymph nodes on pre-treatment MRI were included. Patients underwent nCRT followed by rectal resection surgery with curative intent between 2009 and 2016 with a minimum follow-up of 2-years. No patient had a LLND. Propensity score matching corrected differences in baseline characteristics. Results: Two hundred twenty-three patients could be included: 125 in the LLN+ group and 98 in the LLN− group. Between groups, there were significant differences in cT-stage and in the rate of adjuvant chemotherapy administered. Propensity score matching resulted in 54 patients in each group, with equal baseline characteristics. The 5-year LR rate in the LLN+ group was 11 vs. 2% in the LLN− group (P = 0.06) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 64 vs. 76%, respectively (P = 0.09). Five-year overall survival was similar between groups (73 vs. 80%, respectively; P = 0.90). Conclusions: In Western patients with Stage III low rectal cancer, there is a trend toward worse LR rate and DFS rates in LLN+ patients compared to similarly staged LLN− patients. These results suggest that LLN+ patients may currently not be treated optimally with nCRT alone, and the addition of LLND requires further consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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26. Young people's recall and perceptions of gambling advertising and intentions to gamble on sport.
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NYEMCSOK, CHRISTIAN, THOMAS, SAMANTHA L., BESTMAN, AMY, PITT, HANNAH, DAUBE, MIKE, and CASSIDY, REBECCA
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YOUNG adults , *GAMBLING behavior , *PRECAUTIONARY principle , *GAMBLING , *SPORTS - Abstract
Background: There has been an increased international policy focus on the factors that may contribute to, and prevent, the normalization of gambling for young people. However, there is still limited research, which investigates the role of advertising in shaping young people's gambling attitudes and consumption intentions. Methods: Mixed methods study of 111 young people aged 11-16 years recruited from community basketball stadiums in Victoria, Australia, between May and July 2018. Interviewer-assisted surveys investigated recall and awareness of sports betting brands, perceptions of promotional strategies, intention to gamble, and reasons for betting on particular sports. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and χ2 tests. Thematic analyses were used to interpret qualitative responses. Results: Young people had high recall and awareness of advertising, with most able to name at least one betting brand (n = 90, 81.1%), and many demonstrating a high awareness of the distinct characteristics (such as colors and appeal strategies) of different brands. A fifth of young people (n = 25, 22.5%) expressed intentions to gamble at 18 years, with boys significantly more likely than girls to state they would gamble (χ2 = 10.90, p = .001). Young people perceived that advertising strategies associated with inducement promotions would be the most influential in encouraging individuals to gamble. While many young people took promotions at face value, there was evidence that some were able to critically engage with and challenge the messages within marketing. Discussion and conclusions: Current regulatory structures appear to be ineffective in limiting young people's recall and awareness of gambling advertising. Lessons from tobacco control support the application of precautionary approaches as a more effective way to limit young people's development of positive gambling attitudes and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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27. A comparative content analysis of media reporting of sports betting in Australia: lessons for public health media advocacy approaches.
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David, Jennifer L., Thomas, Samantha L., Randle, Melanie, Bowe, Steven J., and Daube, Mike
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- *
SPORTS betting , *PUBLIC health , *GAMBLING , *STAKEHOLDERS , *MARKETING strategy , *MASS media , *RESEARCH funding , *SPORTS , *CONSUMER activism - Abstract
Background: Harmful gambling is a significant public health issue. There has been widespread discussion in the Australian media about the extent and impact of sports betting on the Australian community, particularly relating to young men and children. Given the role that the media plays in influencing policy change and political agendas, and the acknowledgement that media based advocacy is a fundamental component of successful advocacy campaigns, this research aimed to investigate how different stakeholder groups discuss sports betting within the Australian print media. The study uses this information to provide recommendations to guide public health media advocacy approaches.Methods: A quantitative content analysis of print media articles was conducted during two significant Parliamentary Inquiries about sports betting - (1) The Joint Select Committee Inquiry into the Advertising and Promotion of Gambling Services in Sport (2012/2013), and (2) 'The Review of Illegal Offshore Wagering (2015/2016). A total of 241 articles from 12 daily Australian newspapers were analysed. Statistical analysis was used to compare frequency of, and changes in, themes, voices and perspectives over time.Results: Discussions about the marketing and communication of sports betting was a main theme in media reporting (n = 165, 68.5%), while discussions about gambling reform decreased significantly across the two time periods (p < 0.0001). The presence of sports betting industry (p < 0.0001), sporting code (p < 0.0001) and public health expert (p = 0.001) voices all increased significantly across the two time periods. There were very few (n = 11, 4.6%) voices from those who had experienced gambling harm. Finally, while there were significantly fewer articles taking the perspective that regulation changes were needed to protect vulnerable sub-populations (p < 0.0001), articles that had a neutral perspective about the need for regulation change increased significantly across the two time periods (p < 0.0001).Discussion and Conclusions: Mapping the media reporting of sports betting is important in developing effective public health advocacy approaches. This study indicates that discussions about the marketing strategies utilised by the sports betting industry was still a main theme in media articles. However, discussions relating to sports betting reforms, in particular to protect individuals who may be vulnerable to the harm associated with these products and their promotional strategies (for example children and young men) decreased during the time periods. Public health advocates may seek to address the decrease in media reports about reform by developing clear evidence-based messages about why regulatory reform is needed, as well as the potential consequences of not implementing reforms. Working with organisations to build capacity for people who have experienced gambling harm may help ensure that individuals with a lived experience of harm have an increased voice in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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28. Public attitudes towards gambling product harm and harm reduction strategies: an online study of 16-88 year olds in Victoria, Australia.
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Thomas, Samantha L., Randle, Melanie, Bestman, Amy, Pitt, Hannah, Bowe, Steven J., Cowlishaw, Sean, and Daube, Mike
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GAMBLING , *PUBLIC health , *HARM reduction , *PUBLIC education - Abstract
Background: Gambling has quickly emerged as an important global public health issue. With new technologies used to develop high intensity gambling products and promotions aimed at driving consumption, public health organisations and researchers, community groups, and politicians have argued for a range of regulatory and education measures aimed at reducing gambling harm. However, there has been limited research seeking to understand community perceptions of the harms associated with gambling products and environments, and the level of community support for strategies designed to prevent and reduce gambling harm. Methods: An online study of 500 adolescents and adults (aged 16 and over) was conducted with a representative sample (by age and gender) of individuals who were current residents in the state of Victoria, Australia. Participants were asked a range of questions about their own gambling behaviours, with the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) used as a measure of problem gambling. Participants were asked about their perceptions of harms associated with electronic gambling machines (EGMs), sports betting, horse betting, and casino gambling. They were also asked about the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with gambling harm reduction strategies related to marketing and promotions, restrictions on gambling products and venues, and public education campaigns. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and paired t tests, with thematic analysis used to interpret qualitative responses to open-ended questionnaire items. Results: More than one third (n = 201, 40.2%) of participants were at risk of experiencing some level of harm from gambling (PGSI ≥ 1), with 83 participants (16.6%) recording scores that indicated problem gambling (PGSI ≥ 8). One in five participants gambled on EGMs at least monthly (n = 100, 20.0%). Those who gambled on sports did so frequently, with nearly 1 in 5 gambling on sport at least once a month (n = 87, 17.4%). Over half of the sample rated casino gambling and EGMs as very harmful, while one third rated these forms of gambling as extremely harmful. Over one third of the sample rated horse and sports betting as very harmful, with one in five rating these products as extremely harmful. There was strong agreement with the need to ban gambling advertising during children's viewing hours, during sporting matches and at sporting venues. The majority of participants agreed with reducing and restricting EGMs, and providing more public education for both adults and children about the negative consequences from gambling. Conclusions: The findings suggest a strong perception in the Victorian community that gambling products are harmful. While governments have been reluctant to implement a comprehensive approach to reducing gambling harm, this study reveals significant community support for a range of harm reduction and prevention measures associated with gambling products. Public health practitioners can use this evidence in advocating for a comprehensive public health approach to reducing the harms associated with gambling promotions and products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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29. Linking eating and weight control attitudes to relationship experiences: A large-scale survey of adolescent females.
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Thomas, Rebekah L., Kelly, Adrian B., Chan, Gary C.K., and Williams, Joanne W.
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WEIGHT loss , *TEENAGE girls , *FAMILY conflict , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *EMOTIONS , *SCHOOLS , *PSYCHOLOGY , *TEENAGER attitudes , *BULLYING , *FOOD habits , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *AFFINITY groups , *CROSS-sectional method , *PSYCHOLOGICAL factors - Abstract
Objective: To examine the extent to which family conflict, peer bullying and psychological distress account for eating and weight loss attitudes in adolescent females. This study examined the degree to which psychological distress mediated the association between family conflict and eating and weight loss attitudes, and the association of bullying and eating and weight loss attitudes.Method: Females aged between 11 and 17 years (N = 5125) were recruited from schools in the State of Victoria (Australia). Key measures included psychological distress, family conflict, and bullying victimisation.Results: A structural model showed good fit, and all predictors were significant. Psychological distress mediated the association between eating and weight loss attitudes, and family problems and bullying.Conclusion: Family conflict and peer bullying were associated with eating and weight loss attitudes and this association may occur via psychological distress. Early intervention programs may benefit from a focus on family and peer relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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30. Equitable resourcing of primary health care in remote communities in Australia's Northern Territory: a pilot study.
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Wakerman, John, Sparrow, Lisa, Thomas, Susan L., Humphreys, John S., and Jones, Mike
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GOVERNMENT agencies ,BENCHMARKING (Management) ,ECONOMICS ,FAMILY medicine ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,MEDICAL care ,MEDICAL care use ,MEDICAL care costs ,PATIENTS ,POPULATION ,PRIMARY health care ,RESEARCH funding ,RURAL conditions ,PILOT projects ,ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
Background: Improved Primary Health Care (PHC) utilisation is central to reducing the unacceptable morbidity and mortality rates characterising populations living in remote communities. Despite poorer health, significant inequity characterises the funding of PHC services in Australia's most remote areas. This pilot study sought to ascertain what funding is required to ensure equitable access to sustainable, high quality primary health care irrespective of geographical remoteness of communities. Methods: High performing remote Primary Health Care (PHC) services were selected using improvement measures from the Australian Primary Care Collaboratives Program and validated by health experts. Eleven PHC services provided data relating to the types of services provided, level of service utilisation, human resources, operating and capital expenses. A further four services that provide visiting PHC to remote communities provided information on the level and cost of these services. Demographic data for service catchment areas (including estimated resident population, age, Indigenous status, English spoken at home and workforce participation) were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 census. Formal statistical inference (p-values) were derived in the linear regression via the nonparametric bootstrap. Results: A direct linear relationship was observed between the total cost of resident PHC services and population, while cost per capita decreased with increasing population. Services in smaller communities had a higher number of nursing staff per 1000 residents and provided more consultations per capita than those in larger communities. The number of days of visiting services received by a community each year also increased with population. A linear regression with bootstrapped statistical inference predicted a significant regression equation where the cost of resident services per annum is equal to $1,251,893.92 + ($1698.83 x population) and the cost of resident and visiting services is equal to $1,378,870.85 + ($2600.00 x population). Conclusions: The research findings provide empirical evidence based on real costs to guide funding for remote PHC services that takes into account the safety and equity requirements for a minimum viable service. This method can be used as a transparent, coordinated approach to ensure the equitable delivery of sustainable, high quality PHC in remote communities. This will in turn contribute to improved health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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31. The role of peer influences on the normalisation of sports wagering: a qualitative study of Australian men.
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Deans, Emily G., Thomas, Samantha L., Daube, Mike, and Derevensky, Jeffrey
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AGGRESSION (Psychology) , *COMMUNICATION , *COMPULSIVE behavior , *GAMBLING , *INDUSTRIES , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *INTERVIEWING , *MARKETING , *RESEARCH methodology , *PEER pressure , *RESEARCH funding , *RISK-taking behavior , *SENSES , *SOCIAL skills , *QUALITATIVE research , *AFFINITY groups , *SPORTS events , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Sports wagering has been identified as a gambling product which may pose particular risks for young men, because of the aggressive marketing tactics used to promote these products, and the alignment with culturally valued sporting activities. However, there is very limited information about the socio-cultural processes that may contribute to the normalisation of sports wagering for this population. Using semi-structured interviews with 50 Australian young men who gambled on sport, we explored the way in which peer group behaviours influenced attitudes towards, and the consumption of, gambling products. Four thematic clusters emerged from the interviews. First, young men perceived that sports wagering was a ‘normal’ and socially accepted activity, and a natural ‘add on’ to sports. Second, there were clear indicators that sports wagering was becoming embedded within existing peer based sporting rituals, with the emergence of gambling clubs, and online forums. The third finding related to the shaping of gambling/sport discussions, which created a sense of identity and a point of conversation for peers. Finally, some participants spoke of the social pressure to gamble to ‘fit in’ with their friends. This study suggests that sports wagering poses a new health threat for young men, with sports wagering quickly being normalised as an embedded activity in young male sports fans' peer groups. There are clear lessons from the Australian experience for other countries, relating to the ways in which industry marketing tactics may combine with culturally valued activities such as sport, to influence risky gambling behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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32. “I can sit on the beach and punt through my mobile phone”: The influence of physical and online environments on the gambling risk behaviours of young men.
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Deans, Emily G., Thomas, Samantha L., Daube, Mike, and Derevensky, Jeffrey
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COMPULSIVE behavior , *GAMBLING & psychology , *ECOLOGY , *INTERNET , *INTERVIEWING , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RESEARCH methodology , *RISK-taking behavior , *CELL phones , *AFFINITY groups - Abstract
Gambling is rapidly emerging as an important public health issue, with gambling products causing considerable health and social harms to individuals, families and communities. Whilst researchers have raised concerns about online wagering environments, few studies have sought to explore how factors within different gambling environments (both online and land-based) may be influencing the wagering, and more broadly the gambling risk behaviours of young men. Using semi-structured interviews with 50 Australian men (20–37 years) who gambled on sport, we explored the ways in which online and land-based environments may be risk-promoting settings for gambling. This included the appeal factors associated with gambling in these environments, factors that encouraged individuals to gamble, and factors that encouraged individuals to engage in different, and more harmful types of gambling. Interviews were conducted over the course of a year (April 2015 – April 2016). We identified a number of situational and structural factors that promoted risky gambling environments for young men. In the online environment, gambling products had become exceedingly easy to access through mobile technologies, with young men subscribing to multiple accounts to access industry promotions. The intangibility of money within online environments impacted upon risk perceptions. In land-based environments, the social rituals associated with peer group behaviour and sport influenced risky patterns of gambling. The presence of both gambling and alcohol in pub environments led individuals to gamble more than they normally would, and on products that they would not normally gamble on. Land-based venues also facilitated access to multiple forms of gambling under the one roof. We identified a number of factors in both land and online environments that when combined, created risk-promoting settings for gambling among young men. By exploring these contextual conditions that give rise to gambling harm, we are better able to advocate for effective public health responses in creating environments that prevent harmful gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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33. Initiation, influence, and impact: adolescents and parents discuss the marketing of gambling products during Australian sporting matches.
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Pitt, Hannah, Thomas, Samantha L., and Bestman, Amy
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SPORTS betting , *PUBLIC health , *ADOLESCENT psychology , *MARKETING , *GAMBLING & psychology , *SPORTS psychology , *ADVERTISING , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *INTENTION , *PARENT-child relationships , *PSYCHOLOGY of parents , *QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Background: Harmful gambling is a significant public health issue. Alongside the rapid diversification of gambling products, are rapid increases in the marketing for specific types of gambling products, such as online wagering. While concern has been raised about the impact of gambling promotions during sporting matches on the gambling beliefs and behaviours of adolescents, very little research has explored adolescents' and parents' attitudes towards the marketing of gambling products within sport.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 59 family groups comprising of at least one parent and one adolescent (14-18 years old) in Victoria, Australia. Parents and adolescents were interviewed separately and asked questions relating to their gambling attitudes and behaviours. They were then brought together, and advertising reception techniques were utilised to prompt discussions about the marketing of gambling during sport. A thematic approach to analysis was used, constantly comparing similarities and differences between and across groups.Results: Three main themes emerged. First, was initiation of sport as a platform for the promotion of gambling. Adolescents perceived that the use of embedded promotions (for example during the match) and the use of athletes in gambling promotions were significant mechanisms for creating an alignment between gambling companies and sporting teams and codes. Second, was the influence of marketing messages in creating a perception that gambling was always accessible, and was an integral part of the sporting experience. Third was the impact of marketing messages on adolescent's discourses about sport. Parents described that they had noticed that wagering, and 'odds' discussions, had become embedded in adolescents narratives about sporting matches.Discussion and Conclusions: Gambling marketing during sport has significantly increased. While the gambling industry states that it does not aim to intentionally target young people, adolescents are increasingly aware of the relationship between gambling and sport. Future research should explore the impacts and influence of gambling promotions during sport on the gambling attitudes and consumption intentions of adolescents. Effective public health policy is needed to develop comprehensive regulatory frameworks to protect young people from unnecessary exposure to the marketing for this potentially harmful adult product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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34. Surveillance, responsibility and control: an analysis of government and industry discourses about “problem” and “responsible” gambling.
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Miller, Helen E., Thomas, Samantha L., Smith, Kylie M., and Robinson, Priscilla
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PUBLIC administration , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *CONTENT analysis , *GAMBLING , *INDUSTRIES , *INTERNET , *MATHEMATICAL models , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *RESPONSIBILITY , *SOCIAL control , *SOCIAL stigma , *TELEVISION , *VIDEO recording , *QUALITATIVE research , *THEORY , *DATA analysis , *THEMATIC analysis , *DATA analysis software , *MEDICAL coding - Abstract
Background: Discussions of gambling have traditionally focused on ideas of “problem” and “responsible” gambling. However, few studies have examined how Institutions attempt to exert social control over gamblers in order to promote so-called “responsible” behaviour. In this study, we examine the way “problem” and “responsible” gambling are discussed by Australian governments and the gambling industry, using a theoretical framework based on the work of Foucault.Method: We conducted a thematic analysis of discourses surrounding problem and responsible gambling in government and gambling industry websites, television campaigns and responsible gambling materials.Results: Documents distinguished between gambling, which was positive for the community, and problem gambling, which was portrayed as harmful and requiring medical intervention. The need for responsible gambling was emphasised in many of the documents, and reinforced by mechanisms including self-monitoring, self-control and surveillance of gamblers.Conclusions: Government and industry expect gamblers to behave “responsibly”, and are heavily influenced by neoliberal ideas of rational, controlled subjects in their conceptualisation of what constitutes “responsible behaviour”. As a consequence, problem gamblers become constructed as a deviant group. This may have significant consequences for problem gamblers, such as the creation of stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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35. Creating symbolic cultures of consumption: an analysis of the content of sports wagering advertisements in Australia.
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Deans, Emily G., Thomas, Samantha L., Daube, Mike, Derevensky, Jeffrey, and Gordon, Ross
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SPORTS marketing , *PHYSICAL education , *SPORTS journalism , *TELEVISED sports , *ADVERTISING , *GAMBLING , *INTERNET , *MARKETING , *SPORTS , *CELL phones - Abstract
Background: Since 2008, Australia has seen the rapid emergence of marketing for online and mobile sports wagering. Previous research from other areas of public health, such as tobacco and alcohol, has identified the range of appeal strategies these industries used to align their products with culturally valued symbols. However, there is very limited research that has investigated the tactics the sports wagering industry uses within marketing to influence the consumption of its products and services.Method: This study consisted of a mixed method interpretive content analysis of 85 sports wagering advertisements from 11 Australian and multinational wagering companies. Advertisements were identified via internet searches and industry websites. A coding framework was applied to investigate the extent and nature of symbolic appeal strategies within advertisements.Results: Ten major appeal strategies emerged from this analysis. These included sports fan rituals and behaviours; mateship; gender stereotypes; winning; social status; adventure, thrill and risk; happiness; sexualised imagery; power and control; and patriotism. Symbols relating to sports fan rituals and behaviours, and mateship, were the most common strategies used within the advertisements.Discussion/conclusions: This research suggests that the appeal strategies used by the sports wagering industry are similar to those strategies adopted by other unhealthy commodity industries. With respect to gambling, analysis revealed that strategies are clearly targeted to young male sports fans. Researchers and public health practitioners should seek to better understand the impact of marketing on the normalisation of sports wagering for this audience segment, and implement strategies to prevent gambling harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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36. Improving paediatric outreach services for urban Aboriginal children through partnerships: views of community-based service providers.
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Thomas, S. L., Williams, K., Ritchie, J., and Zwi, K.
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INDIGENOUS children , *INDIGENOUS Australians , *CHILD health services , *COMMUNITY health services , *FOCUS groups , *HEALTH services accessibility , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *INTERVIEWING , *LEADERSHIP , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVALUATION of medical care , *QUALITY assurance , *CITY dwellers , *QUALITATIVE research , *MEDICAL care of indigenous peoples , *JUDGMENT sampling , *CULTURAL awareness , *THEMATIC analysis , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Background In Australia, Aboriginal children experience significantly poorer health outcomes compared with non-Aboriginal children. Health policies aimed at improving Aboriginal health outcomes include interventions in the early childhood period. There is a need for government health services to work in partnership with Aboriginal people and other services to achieve the highest level of health possible for Aboriginal children, who often require a range of services to meet complex needs. Aim This paper describes the views of service providers on how paediatric outreach services work in partnership with other services, Aboriginal families and the community and how those partnerships could be improved to maximize health outcomes for children. Methods In-depth, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with managers and service providers over a 6-week period in 2010. The views and suggestions of participants were documented and a thematic analysis was undertaken. Results and Discussion Analysis of two focus groups with seven service providers and five individual interviews with service managers resulted in the identification of four themes: (i) using informal and formal ways of working; (ii) cultivating effective relationships; (iii) demonstrating cultural sensitivity; and (iv) forging strong leadership. Use of formal and informal approaches facilitated effective relationships between service providers and Aboriginal families and communities. Partnerships with the community were founded on a culturally appropriate model of care that recognized a holistic approach to health and wellness. Leadership emerged as an essential component of effective partnerships, cultivating the ethos of the workplace and creating an environment where collaboration is supported. Conclusion Culturally appropriate child health services, which utilize effective relationships and employ a range of informal and formal collaboration with other services and community members, are well positioned to implement health policy and improve access to services for Aboriginal children with better health outcomes as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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37. Ensuring equity of access to primary health care in rural and remote Australia - what core services should be locally available?
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Thomas, Susan L., Wakerman, John, and Humphreys, John S.
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RURAL health services , *COMMUNITY health workers , *CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *DELPHI method , *FOCUS groups , *HEALTH care rationing , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PRIMARY health care , *RURAL population , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *SURVEYS - Abstract
Introduction: Australians in rural and remote areas experience poorer health status compared with many metropolitan residents, due partly to inequitable access to primary health care (PHC) services. Building on recent research that identified PHC services which all Australians should be able to access regardless of where they live, this paper aims to define the population thresholds governing which PHC services would be best provided by a resident health worker, and to outline attendant implementation issues. Methods: A Delphi method comprising panellists with expertise in rural, remote and/or Indigenous PHC was used. Five population thresholds reflecting Australia's diverse rural and remote geography were devised. Panellists participated in two electronic surveys. Using a Likert scale, they were asked at what population threshold each PHC service should be provided by a resident health worker. A follow-up focus group identified important underlying principles which guided the consensus process. Results: Response rates were high. The population thresholds for core PHC services provided by a resident worker were less in remote communities compared with rural communities. For example, the population threshold for 'care of the sick and injured,' was ≤ 100 for remote compared with 101-500 for rural communities. For 'mental health', 'maternal/ child health', 'sexual health' and 'public health' services in remote communities the population threshold was 101-500, compared to 501-1000 for rural communities. Principles underpinning implementation included the fundamental importance of equity; consideration of social determinants of health; flexibility, effective expenditure of resources, tailoring services to ensure consumer acceptability, prioritising services according to need, and providing services as close to home as possible. Conclusion: This research can assist policy makers and service planners to determine the population thresholds at which PHC services should be delivered by a resident health worker, to allocate resources and provide services more equitably, and inform consumers about PHC services they can reasonably expect to access in their community. This framework assists in developing a systematic approach to strategies seeking to address existing rural-urban health workforce maldistribution, including the training of generalists as opposed to specialists, and providing necessary infrastructure in communities most in need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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38. Children's implicit recall of junk food, alcohol and gambling sponsorship in Australian sport.
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Bestman, Amy, Thomas, Samantha L., Randle, Melanie, and Thomas, Stuart D. M.
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IMPLICIT memory , *MEMORY in children , *SPORTS sponsorship , *JUNK food , *FOOD advertising , *ALCOHOLIC beverage advertising , *GAMBLING , *BRAND awareness , *GAMBLING & psychology , *SPORTS psychology , *FOOTBALL & psychology , *ADVERTISING , *ALCOHOLIC beverages , *CLOTHING & dress , *CONVENIENCE foods , *MEMORY - Abstract
Background: In Australia, sport is saturated by the promotion of junk food, alcohol and gambling products. This is particularly evident on player jerseys. The effect of this advertising on children, who are exposed to these messages while watching sport, has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this research study was to investigate: (1) the extent to which children implicitly recalled shirt sponsors with the correct sporting team; (2) whether children associated some types of sponsors with certain sporting codes more than others; and (3) whether age of the children influenced the correct recall of sponsoring brands and teams.Method: This experimental study conducted in New South Wales, Australia used projective techniques to measure the implicit recall of team sponsorship relationships of 85 children aged 5-12 years. Participants were asked to arrange two sets of magnets - one which contained sporting teams and one which contained brand logos - in the manner deemed most appropriate by them. Children were not given any prompts relating to sporting sponsorship relationships.Results: Three quarters (77 %) of the children were able to identify at least one correct shirt sponsor. Children associated alcohol and gambling brands more highly with the more popular sporting code, the National Rugby League compared to the Australian Football League sporting code. Results showed that age had an effect on number of shirt sponsors correctly recalled with 9-12 year olds being significantly more likely than 5-8 year olds to correctly identify team sponsors.Conclusions: Given children's ability to implicitly recall shirt sponsors in a sporting context, Australian sporting codes should examine their current sponsorship relationships to reduce the number of unhealthy commodity shirt sponsors. While there is some regulation that protects children from the marketing of unhealthy commodity products, these findings suggest that children are still exposed to and recall these sponsorship relationships. Results suggest that the promotion of unhealthy commodity products during sporting matches is contributing to increased awareness amongst children of unhealthy commodity brands. Further investigation is required to examine the extent and impact of marketing initiatives during televised sporting matches on children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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39. 'You just change the channel if you don't like what you're going to hear': gamblers' attitudes towards, and interactions with, social marketing campaigns.
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Thomas, Samantha L., Lewis, Sophie, and Westberg, Kate
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GAMBLING , *HELP-seeking behavior , *INTERVIEWING , *SOCIAL marketing , *SOCIAL stigma , *QUALITATIVE research , *DATA analysis , *NARRATIVES , *THEMATIC analysis , *SEVERITY of illness index , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives To investigate how gamblers interact with, and respond to, downstream social marketing campaigns that focus on the risks and harms of problem gambling and/or encourage help seeking. Methods Qualitative study of 100 gamblers with a range of gambling behaviours (from non-problem to problem gambling). We used a Social Constructivist approach. Our constant comparative method of data interpretation focused on how participants' experiences and interactions with gambling influenced their opinions towards, and interactions with social marketing campaigns. Results Three key themes emerged from the narratives. (i) Participants felt that campaigns were heavily skewed towards encouraging individuals to take personal responsibility for their gambling behaviours or were targeted towards those with severe gambling problems. (ii) Participants described the difficulty for campaigns to achieve 'cut through' because of the overwhelming volume of positive messages about the benefits of gambling that were given by the gambling industry. (iii) Some participants described that dominant discourses about personal responsibility prevented them from seeking help and reinforced perceptions of stigma. Conclusions and implications Social marketing campaigns have an important role to play in the prevention of gambling risk behaviours and the promotion of help seeking. Social marketers should explore how to more effectively target campaigns to different audience segments, understand the role of environmental factors in undermining the uptake of social marketing strategies and anticipate the potential unforeseen consequences of social marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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40. Ground-foraging techniques of Welcome Swallows Hirundo neoxena, including an instance of kleptoparasitism.
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Fitzsimons, James A. and Thomas, Janelle L.
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HIRUNDO , *FORAGING behavior , *SWALLOWS (Birds) , *KLEPTOPARASITISM , *BIRD food , *BIRD behavior , *BIRDS , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
The article focuses on the ground-foraging habits of the Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena in south-eastern Australia. It is observed that Australian swallow species primarily forage on the wing. Documented cases of Australian swallow species foraging while on the ground are reported to be few. Details on ground-foraging of the Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena in south-eastern Australia and an instance of kleptoparasitism are also provided. The article offers details on the behavior and technique used during ground-foraging.
- Published
- 2012
41. 'It Would be Okay If They Came through the Proper Channels': Community Perceptions and Attitudes toward Asylum Seekers in Australia.
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McKAY, FIONA H., THOMAS, SAMANTHA L., and KNEEBONE, SUSAN
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POLITICAL refugees , *POLITICAL oratory , *QUALITATIVE research , *POLITICAL community , *SURVEYS - Abstract
Australia's humanitarian programme contributes to UNHCR's global resettlement programme and enhances Australia's international humanitarian reputation. However, as the recent tragedy on Christmas Island has shown, the arrival of asylum seekers by boat continues to stimulate debate, discussion and reaction from the Australian public and the Australian media. In this study, we used a mixed methods community survey to understand community perceptions and attitudes relating to asylum seekers. We found that while personal contact with asylum seekers was important when forming opinions about this group of immigrants, for the majority of respondents, attitudes and opinions towards asylum seekers were more influenced by the interplay between traditional Australian values and norms, the way that these norms appeared to be threatened by asylum seekers, and the way that these threats were reinforced both in media and political rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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42. 'I'm searching for solutions': why are obese individuals turning to the Internet for help and support with 'being fat'?
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Lewis, Sophie, Thomas, Samantha L., Blood, R. Warwick, Castle, David, Hyde, Jim, and Komesaroff, Paul A.
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OBESITY & psychology , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *HEALTH promotion , *INTERNET , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *OBESITY , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SOUND recordings , *SOCIAL stigma , *WEIGHT loss , *INFORMATION resources , *QUALITATIVE research , *JUDGMENT sampling , *DATA analysis , *SOCIAL support , *INFORMATION-seeking behavior , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Introduction This study explores what types of information obese individuals search for on the Internet, their motivations for seeking information and how they apply it in their daily lives. Method In-depth telephone interviews with an Australian community sample of 142 individuals with a BMI ≥ 30 were conducted. Theoretical, purposive and strategic samplings were employed. Data were analysed using a constant comparative method. Results Of the 142 individuals who participated in the study, 111 (78%) searched for information about weight loss or obesity. Of these, about three quarters searched for weight loss solutions. The higher the individual's weight, the more they appeared to search for weight loss solutions. Participants also searched for information about health risks associated with obesity ( n = 28), how to prevent poor health outcomes ( n = 30) and for peer support forums with other obese individuals ( n = 25). Whilst participants visited a range of websites, including government-sponsored sites, community groups and weight loss companies, they overwhelmingly acted upon the advice given on commercial diet websites. However, safe, non-judgemental spaces such as the Fatosphere (online fat acceptance community) provided much needed solidarity and support. Conclusions The Internet provides a convenient source of support and information for obese individuals. However, many turn to the same unsuccessful solutions online (e.g. fad dieting) they turn to in the community. Government and community organisations could draw upon some lessons learned in other consumer-driven online spaces (e.g. the Fatosphere) to provide supportive environments for obese individuals that resonate with their health and social experiences, and address their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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43. How do obese individuals perceive and respond to the different types of obesity stigma that they encounter in their daily lives? A qualitative study
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Lewis, Sophie, Thomas, Samantha L., Blood, R. Warwick, Castle, David J., Hyde, Jim, and Komesaroff, Paul A.
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- *
OBESITY & psychology , *HEALTH behavior , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *SOCIAL stigma , *QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Abstract: Obesity stigma exists within many institutions and cultural settings. Most studies suggest that stigmatising experiences have a negative impact on individuals’ health and social behaviours and outcomes. However, some studies indicate that obesity stigma can motivate individuals to lose weight. Limited research has examined weight-based stigma from the perspective of obese individuals, including their perceptions of, and responses to, the different types of weight-based stigma they face in their daily lives. This study advances knowledge about weight-based stigma by documenting how obese adults (mostly female) described the different types of obesity stigma that they faced, how they responded to this stigma, and how different types of stigma impact on health and social wellbeing. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted between April 2008 and March 2009 with a diverse sample of 141 obese Australian adults. Guided by categorisation of different types of discrimination, participants’ experiences could be grouped into three distinct types of stigma: 1) Direct (e.g. being abused when using public transport); 2) Environmental (e.g. not being able to fit into seats on planes); and 3) Indirect (e.g. people staring at the contents of their supermarket trolley). Participants described that more subtle forms of stigma had the most impact on their health and social wellbeing. However, it was the interaction between direct, environmental and indirect stigma that created a barrier to participation in health-promoting activities. Participants rarely challenged stigma and often blamed themselves for stigmatising experiences. They also avoided situations where they perceived they would be stigmatised and constantly thought about how they could find a solution to their obesity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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44. Symbiodinium diversity in mesophotic coral communities on the Great Barrier Reef: a first assessment.
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Bongaerts, Pim, Sampayo, Eugenia M., Bridge, Thomas C. L., Ridgway, Tyrone, Vermeulen, Francisca, Englebert, Norbert, Webster, Jody M., and Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove
- Subjects
CORAL reef ecology ,PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria ,SCLERACTINIA ,RIBOSOMAL DNA - Abstract
The article presents a study that deals with the association between the photosynthetic endosymbionts and scleractinian corals inhabiting deep reef ecological systems. It assesses the deep-water Symbiodinium diversity from 10 different coral genera at a depth range of 45 to 70 meters on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It employs denaturing ingredient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA to establish Symbiodinium identity. It stresses the need to examine symbiont diversity across broad environmental ranges.
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- 2011
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45. A Qualitative Investigation of Obese Men's Experiences With Their Weight.
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Lewis, Sophie, Thomas, Samantha L., Hyde, Jim, Castle, David J., and Komesaroff, Paul A.
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OBESITY & psychology , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ANXIETY , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *GROUNDED theory , *GUILT (Psychology) , *HEALTH services accessibility , *HELP-seeking behavior , *INTERVIEWING , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *PATIENTS , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SOCIAL stigma , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *WEIGHT gain , *QUALITATIVE research , *SEDENTARY lifestyles - Abstract
Objectives: To investigate obese men's health behaviors and strategies for change. Methods: Qualitative interviews with 36 men (BMI 30 and over). Results: All men felt personally responsible for their weight gain. Sedentary lifestyles, stress, lack of worklife balance and weight-based stigma were all significant causes of weight gain and barriers to weight loss. These factors also contributed to men's unwillingness to seek help for their overweight. Conclusion: Addressing the self-blame and stigma associated with obesity is important in developing strategies to improve the health and well-being of obese men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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46. ‘Any one of these boat people could be a terrorist for all we know!’ Media representations and public perceptions of ‘boat people’ arrivals in Australia.
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McKay, Fiona H, Thomas, Samantha L, and Warwick Blood, R.
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RIGHT of asylum ,REFUGEES ,PRESS & politics ,JOURNALISM & politics ,GOVERNMENT & the press - Abstract
In April 2009 a boat (named the ‘SIEV 36’ by the Australian Navy) carrying 49 asylum seekers exploded off the north coast of Australia. Media and public debate about Australia’s responsibility to individuals seeking asylum by boat was instantaneous. This paper investigates the media representation of the ‘SIEV 36’ incident and the public responses to media reports through online news fora. We examined three key questions: 1) Does the media reporting refer back to and support previous policies of the Howard Government? 2) Does the press and public discourse portray asylum arrivals by boat as a risk to Australian society? 3) Are journalists following and applying industry guidelines about the reporting of asylum seeker issues? Our results show that while there is an attempt to provide a balanced account of the issue, there is variation in the degree to which different types of reports follow industry guidelines about the reporting of issues relating to asylum seekers and the use of ‘appropriate’ language. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
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47. "The solution needs to be complex." Obese adults' attitudes about the effectiveness of individual and population based interventions for obesity.
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Thomas, Samantha L., Lewis, Sophie, Hyde, Jim, Castle, David, and Komesaroff, Paul
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OBESITY , *NUTRITION disorders , *METABOLIC disorders , *WEIGHT loss - Abstract
Background: Previous studies of public perceptions of obesity interventions have been quantitative and based on general population surveys. This study aims to explore the opinions and attitudes of obese individuals towards population and individual interventions for obesity in Australia.Methods: Qualitative methods using in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews with a community sample of obese adults (Body Mass Index >or=30). Theoretical, purposive and strategic recruitment techniques were used to ensure a broad sample of obese individuals with different types of experiences with their obesity. Participants were asked about their attitudes towards three population based interventions (regulation, media campaigns, and public health initiatives) and three individual interventions (tailored fitness programs, commercial dieting, and gastric banding surgery), and the effectiveness of these interventions.Results: One hundred and forty two individuals (19-75 years) were interviewed. Participants strongly supported non-commercial interventions that were focused on encouraging individuals to make healthy lifestyle changes (regulation, physical activity programs, and public health initiatives). There was less support for interventions perceived to be invasive or high risk (gastric band surgery), stigmatising (media campaigns), or commercially motivated and promoting weight loss techniques (commercial diets and gastric banding surgery).Conclusion: Obese adults support non-commercial, non-stigmatising interventions which are designed to improve lifestyles, rather than promote weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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48. "I don't eat a hamburger and large chips every day!" A qualitative study of the impact of public health messages about obesity on obese adults.
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Lewis, Sophie, Thomas, Samantha L., Hyde, Jim, Castle, David, Blood, R Warwick, and Komesaroff, Paul A.
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MEDICAL research , *BEEF , *COOKING , *NUTRITION disorders , *PUBLIC health , *OBESITY - Abstract
Background: We are a society that is fixated on the health consequences of 'being fat'. Public health agencies play an important role in 'alerting' people about the risks that obesity poses both to individuals and to the broader society. Quantitative studies suggest people comprehend the physical health risks involved but underestimate their own risk because they do not recognise that they are obese.Methods: This qualitative study seeks to expand on existing research by exploring obese individuals' perceptions of public health messages about risk, how they apply these messages to themselves and how their personal and social contexts and experiences may influence these perceptions. The study uses in depth interviews with a community sample of 142 obese individuals. A constant comparative method was employed to analyse the data.Results: Personal and contextual factors influenced the ways in which individuals interpreted and applied public health messages, including their own health and wellbeing and perceptions of stigma. Individuals felt that messages were overly focused on the physical rather than emotional health consequences of obesity. Many described feeling stigmatised and blamed by the simplicity of messages and the lack of realistic solutions. Participants described the need for messages that convey the risks associated with obesity while minimising possible stigmatisation of obese individuals. This included ensuring that messages recognise the complexity of obesity and focus on encouraging healthy behaviours for individuals of all sizes.Conclusion: This study is the first step in exploring the ways in which we understand how public health messages about obesity resonate with obese individuals in Australia. However, much more research--both qualitative and quantitative--is needed to enhance understanding of the impact of obesity messages on individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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49. Understanding organ donation in the collaborative era: a qualitative study of staff and family experiences.
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Thomas, S. L., Milnes, S., and Komesaroff, P. A.
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ORGAN donation , *MEDICAL ethics , *ORGAN donors , *DECISION making - Abstract
Background: Despite the success of the Breakthrough Collaborative Methodology (BCM) in increasing organ donation rates there has been little published evidence on the effect of the BCM on the wider attitudes and experiences of those involved in organ donation. This study sought to identify whether the National Organ Donation Collaborative in Australia had any additional influence on improving the experiences of staff and family members in the organ donation process. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews with 17 family members from 13 families who had agreed to the organ donation of a deceased relative and 25 nurses and intensive care specialists at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria were carried out. Results: The key factor in family members' decision to donate was prior knowledge of the deceased's donation wish. Although most family members did not regret their decision to donate, many were deeply dissatistified and, at times, confused by the technical and administrative nature of the donation process. Most staff members commented that the key community message about donation should be to encourage people to discuss donation rather than urging people to sign donor registers. Conclusion: This study identified valuable insights into the processes by which family members and intensive care unit staff deal with the actual processes of donation. Findings suggest that the process for families is far more complex than a simple agreement or refusal to donate. This study suggests that we should not assume that ‘rates’ of donation in Australia would increase merely through administrative programmes or marketing campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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50. Being ‘fat’ in today’s world: a qualitative study of the lived experiences of people with obesity in Australia.
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Thomas, Samantha L., Hyde, Jim, Karunaratne, Asuntha, Herbert, Dilinie, and Komesaroff, Paul A.
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OBESITY & society , *OVERWEIGHT persons , *QUALITATIVE research , *SOCIAL stigma , *WEIGHT loss , *SOCIAL history - Abstract
Objective To develop an in-depth picture of both lived experience of obesity and the impact of socio-cultural factors on people living with obesity. Design Qualitative methodology, utilizing in-depth semi-structured interviews with a community sample of obese adults (body mass index ≥30). Community sampling methods were supplemented with purposive sampling techniques to ensure a diverse range of individuals were included. Results Seventy-six individuals (aged 16–72) were interviewed. Most had struggled with their weight for most of their lives ( n = 45). Almost all had experienced stigma and discrimination in childhood ( n = 36), as adolescents ( n = 41) or as adults ( n = 72). About half stated that they had been humiliated by health professionals because of their weight. Participants felt an individual responsibility to lose weight, and many tried extreme forms of dieting to do so. Participants described an increasing culture of ‘blame’ against people living with obesity perpetuated by media and public health messages. Eighty percent said that they hated or disliked the word obesity and would rather be called fat or overweight. Discussion and Conclusion There are four key conclusions: (i) the experiences of obesity are diverse, but there are common themes, (ii) people living with obesity have heard the messages but find it difficult to act upon them, (iii) interventions should be tailored to address both individual and community needs and (iv) we need to rethink how to approach obesity interventions to ensure that avoid recapitulating damaging social stereotypes and exacerbating social inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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