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In observational studies, serum urate positively associates with cardiometabolic and kidney diseases. We analyzed data from a randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine whether moderate hyperuricemia induced by inosine affects cardiometabolic and kidney function markers. One hundred and twenty post-menopausal women were recruited into a 6-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of inosine for bone health. Change from baseline in the following pre-specified endpoints was analyzed: body mass index; blood pressure; lipid profile; C-reactive protein; fasting glucose; insulin; HbA1c; serum creatinine; and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Despite increases in serum urate levels (+ 0.17 mmol/L at week 6, P < 0.0001), no significant between-group differences were observed in cardiometabolic markers, with the exception of lower fasting glucose concentrations with inosine at week 19. In the inosine group, change in serum urate correlated with change in serum creatinine (r = 0.41, P = 0.0012). However, there was no between-group difference in serum creatinine values. Over the entire study period, there was no significant difference in eGFR (ANCOVA P = 0.13). Reduction in eGFR was greater in the inosine group at Week 13 (mean difference − 4.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, false detection rate P = 0.025), with no between-group difference in eGFR at other time points. These data indicate that increased serum urate does not negatively influence body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, or glycaemic control. Serum urate changes associated with inosine intake correlate with changes in serum creatinine, but this does not lead to clinically important reduction in kidney function over 6 months. Clinical trial registration number: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000940370), registered 30/06/2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a summary of recommendations for fracture prevention at residential aged care facilities (RACF) in Australia. As of August 2010, there are about 187,000 residents in 2,938 RACF across the country, with 83 as the average age of residents. The two levels of care handled by the institutional aged care system in Australia are hostels and nursing homes. The FRAX and the Garvan fracture risk assessment tools are the available tools used in identifying fracture risk in community-dwelling individuals.

The article presents a position statement related to calcium and bone health, prepared by the working group of the Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society, Osteoporosis Australia, and the Endocrine Society of Australia. Trials have showed that increasing the calcium intake by 500-1000 mg/day has a beneficial effect on bone mineral density. The statement revealed that calcium intake above the recommended level has no additional benefit for bone health.