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This study examined how the Australian news media have portrayed public hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) over the last two decades. A systematic review and media frame analysis, searching Factiva and Australia and New Zealand News Stream for digital and print news articles published between January 2000 and January 2020. Eligibility criteria were (1) discussed EDs in public hospitals; (2) the primary focus of the article was the ED; (3) focused on the Australian context; (4) were published by one of the Australian state-based news outlets (e.g., The Sydney Morning Herald, Herald Sun). A pair of reviewers independently screened 242 articles for inclusion according to the pre-established criteria. Discrepancies were resolved via discussion. 126 articles met the inclusion criteria. Pairs of independent reviewers identified frames in 20% of the articles using an inductive approach to develop a framework for coding the remaining articles. News media rely heavily on reporting problems within and with the ED, while also proposing a cause. Praise for EDs was minimal. Opinions were primarily from government spokespeople, professional associations, and doctors. ED performance was often reported as fact, with no reference to the source of the information. Rhetorical framing devices, such as hyperbole and imagery, were used to emphasise dominant themes. The negative bias inherent in news media reporting of EDs could potentially damage public awareness of ED functioning, with implications for the likelihood of the public's accessing ED services. Like in the film Groundhog Day, news media reporting is stuck in a loop reporting the same narrative over and over again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zircon geochemistry can vary over micrometre scales; therefore, natural reference materials need to be well characterised before being used to calculate trace element mass fractions in unmeasured samples. Moreover, reference material homogeneity needs to be ensured with the accelerating rate of geoanalytical developments to map mineral chemistry at increasingly finer scales. Here, we investigate trace element zoning in four widely used zircon reference materials: 91500, Mud Tank, Temora and Plešovice, as well as zircon crystals from the Mount Dromedary/Gulaga Igneous Complex, Australia. Sub‐micrometre resolution focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) based time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and 5 μm resolution LA‐ICP‐MS mapping show that trace elements are zoned in all reference materials, though 91500 exhibited the least zonation. We demonstrate that FIB‐SEM‐based ToF‐SIMS can rapidly resolve variations in trace elements (e.g., U, Th, Sc, Y, Gd, Dy, Yb and Li) at sensitivities down to the μg g‐1 level with a spatial resolution of 195 nm for areas 100 × 85 μm to 959 × 828 μm. Zircon 91500 is recommended for future quantitative analyses provided that (1) the spatial distribution of elements is imaged before analysis of unknown samples and (2) it is used in conjunction with a doped glass as the primary reference material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current problems with the recovery methods and support systems for harm caused by digital sexual assault, based on cases in the U.S., U.K., and Australia. The significance of this study is the implications on problem solving related to digital sexual assault based on the legislation and systems of advanced foreign nations. The analytical method behind this study is the investigation of research literature. The reference materials are from judicial precedents, comparative analysis on media data, experts’ advisory conferences, study forums, foreign theses, and documents on law and policy. As shown by the results of this study, we need to examine digital sexual exploitation and seek countermeasures from the victim’s perspective after comparing foreign cases to determine the best protections and support systems. As digital sexual content can spread indefinitely, we certainly recognize the inherent difference between digital sexual crimes and offline sexual crimes. Thus, each case needs to be professionally categorized and an appropriate punishment must be suggested that satisfies the victims’ needs. Ultimately, this study is meaningful for suggesting preventive measures against digital sexual crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concern has been raised regarding the use of simethicone, a de‐foaming agent, during endoscopic procedures. Following reports of simethicone residue in endoscope channels despite high level disinfection, an endoscope manufacturer recommended that it not be used due to concerns of biofilm formation and a possible increased risk of microorganism transmission. However, a detailed mucosal assessment is essential in performing high‐standard endoscopic procedures. This is impaired by bubbles within the gastrointestinal lumen. The Gastroenterological Society of Australia's Infection Control in Endoscopy Guidelines (ICEG) Committee conducted a literature search utilizing the MEDLINE database. Further references were sourced from published paper bibliographies. Following a review of the available evidence, and drawing on extensive clinical experience, the multidisciplinary ICEG committee considered the risks and benefits of simethicone use in formulating four recommendations. Published reports have documented residual liquid or crystalline simethicone in endoscope channels after high level disinfection. There are no data confirming that simethicone can be cleared from channels by brushing. Multiple series report benefits of simethicone use during gastroscopy and colonoscopy in improving mucosal assessment, adenoma detection rate, and reducing procedure time. There are no published reports of adverse events related specifically to the use of simethicone, delivered either orally or via any endoscope channel. An assessment of the risks and benefits supports the continued use of simethicone during endoscopic procedures. Strict adherence to instrument reprocessing protocols is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chance of apparent isotope anomalies either in closed systems at equilibrium or during Rayleigh processes is investigated. The term 'apparent' is chosen to highlight that only mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) processes are considered. A goal is finding analytical expressions that could be used for dealing with the complexity of real systems. For example, the formula for calculating the isotopic fractionation in systems with any desired number of phases involved is identified. Terrestrial samples could exhibit artificially low MIF signatures because Δ is not invariant with the choice of the reference material. An alternative parameter Δ* only depending on β is therefore introduced. The potential transfer of sample points in a three-isotope plot to parallel lines during reversible processes is also investigated. Larger apparent anomalies are expected in systems lacking an infinite reservoir and for large enrichment factors. Pyrite is stable beyond the conditions for a reducing environment and MIF signatures from Archaean sediments could be compatible with reversible processes involving oxidised species. Isotope anomalies in pyrite from the Dresser Formation, Australia, are compatible with post-depositional incorporation of 2–5% sulphur of atmospheric origin. Overall, observed delta values could mainly be related to changes in the local absolute isotope abundances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zircon megacrysts from the Mud Tank carbonatite, Australia, are being used in many laboratories as a reference material for LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating and trace element measurement, and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS determination of Hf isotopes. We summarise a database of > 10000 analyses of Mud Tank zircon (MTZ), collected from 2000 to 2018 during its use as a secondary reference material for simultaneous U‐Pb and trace element analysis, and for Hf‐isotope analysis. Trace element mass fractions are highest in dark red‐brown stones and lowest in colourless and gem‐quality ones. Individual unzoned grains can be chemically homogeneous, while significant variations in trace element mass fraction are associated with oscillatory zoning. Chondrite‐normalised trace element patterns are essentially parallel over large mass fraction ranges. A Concordia age of 731.0 ± 0.2 Ma (2s, n = 2272) is taken as the age of crystallisation. Some grains show lower concordant to mildly discordant ages, probably reflecting minor Pb loss associated with cooling and the Alice Springs Orogeny (450–300 Ma). Our weighted mean 176Hf/177Hf is 0.282523 ± 10 (2s, n = 9350); the uncertainties on this ratio reflect some heterogeneity, mainly between grains. A few analyses suggest that colourless grains have generally lower 176Hf/177Hf. MTZ is a useful secondary reference material for U‐Pb and Hf‐isotope analysis, but individual grains need to be carefully selected using CL imaging and tested for homogeneity, and ideally should be standardised by solution analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outbreaks of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae clinical infections related to endoscopic transmission are well documented. The high morbidity and mortality associated with these infections emphasizes the need to reassess endoscopic reprocessing protocols. The Gastroenterological Society of Australia established a multi‐society committee to formulate evidence‐based consensus statements on the prevention and management of endoscopic transmission of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae. A literature search was undertaken utilizing the MEDLINE database. Further references were sourced from published paper bibliographies. Nine statements were formulated. Using the Delphi methodology, the statements were initially reviewed electronically by the committee members and subsequently at a face‐to‐face meeting in Melbourne, Australia. After further discussion, four additional sub‐statements were added resulting in a total of 13 statements. Each statement was assessed for level of evidence, recommendation grade and the voting on recommendation was recorded. For a statement to be accepted, five out of six committee members had to "accept completely" or "accept with some reservation." All 13 statements achieved consensus agreement. Eleven statements achieved 100% "accepted completely." Two statements were 83% "accepted completely" and 17% "accepted with some reservation." Of particular significance, automated flexible endoscope reprocessors were mandated for high‐level disinfection, and the use of forced‐air drying cabinets was mandated for endoscope storage. These evidence‐based statements encourage preventative strategies with the aim of ensuring the highest possible standards in flexible endoscope reprocessing thereby optimizing patient safety. They must be considered in addition to the broader published guidelines on infection control in endoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the accuracy and readability of Wikipedia on the subject of hearing loss. A total of 39 articles were evaluated using a modified version of the DISCERN quality rating tool and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level tool. Twenty percent of articles were rated as 'Good' in accuracy, 60% as 'Moderate', with the remaining 20% rated as 'Poor'. All articles, with the exception of one, scored 10 or above in readability, indicating a level of reading which is difficult to understand. A focus on improving the readability of Wikipedia for the general public is recommended to improve its effectiveness as an online health resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although commendable in many respects, some university library websites categorise academic referencing styles and systems in ways that are unhelpful and inaccurate. In this article, the four major styles of referencing (Harvard, Oxford, Vancouver and Modern Language Association) are described in sufficient detail to demonstrate that they should be clearly differentiated from each other. Where appropriate, systems that fall within these styles are also described to illustrate that they should be grouped according to the style within which they belong but should also be clearly demarcated. As a result of this, recommendations are made that university library websites provide clearer and more coherent, complete and accurate information about referencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's age of ubiquitous internet access, cybercrime can be incredibly severe. This paper highlights the severity of cybercrime and critically examines Australia's response and history of cybercrime legislation. Through a study of Europe's approach compared to Australia's, the paper makes recommendations for improving Australia's response. The paper also addresses the future of Australian cybercrime law and how it can best be implemented with reference to European approaches and privacy concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The k-method of standardisation for instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been used at the OPAL research reactor to determine the elemental composition of three certified reference materials: coal fly ash (SRM 1633b), brick clay (SRM 679) and Montana soil (SRM 2711). Of the 41 certified elements in the three materials, 88 percent were within five percent of the certified values and all determinations were within 15 percent of the certified values. The average difference between the measured and certified values was 0.1 percent, with a standard deviation of 4.1 percent. Since these reference materials are widely used as standards in the analysis of archaeological ceramics by INAA, it has been concluded that the INAA facility in Australia is particularly well-suited for nuclear archaeometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the issues impacting upon and changing musical scholarship and publication in contemporary Australia, viewed from three perspectives: the musical literature, the researchers and the institutional contexts. Key conclusions are that the research paradigms are blurring and are flourishing often outside of the academy; research is more collaborative and cross-disciplinary; new technologies are driving new publishing models and modes; the e-repository environment and practitioner-led research are promoting multi-dimensional research outcomes; and resource discovery and user expectations are changing. These fundamental shifts in the research landscape lead the author to consider whether international and national library and information services that support musical scholarship are appropriately adapting to meet both the challenges and opportunities confronting us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the evolution of a new e-research paradigm and to outline key projects and developments in Europe, North America, Canada and Australia. The article also provides a detailed summary of the Dataset Acquisition, Accessibility and Annotation e-Research Technology (DART) project. Design/methodology/approach - A review of relevant government reports, documents and general literature was conducted. Findings - Projects currently being conducted in Europe, the USA, Canada and Australia are part of an international movement that aims to use modern ICTs to enhance e-research. The DART project is a significant part of this movement as it has adopted a "whole process" approach to e-research, and provides a platform for the examination of the technical, legal and policy issues that arise in the new e-research environment. Originality/value - Provides an overview of current projects that concern the development of e-research, with a particular focus on Australian research and the DART project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a directory of the Commonwealth Parliamentarian Association Executive Committee and Secretariat, Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians Steering Committee, and Branches of the Association in India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Asia-Pacific.

The transition of academic library reference resources from print to electronic format has been characterised by a growing level of strategic decision making by librarians, as mediated searches were replaced by end-user CD-ROM formats, only to be superseded by online user access. The experience of Australian university libraries, which were early adopters of these changes, is outlined. Particular factors which impacted on this transition in other English-speaking countries (the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and South Africa) are also described. The formation of purchasing consortia has been crucial in all countries in facilitating this transformation of reference collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several reports and papers on youth studies in Australia. `Step by Step Forum Report,' by Georgina Warrington and Paul Wright; `Rural and Remote School Education: A Survey for the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission: Final Report,' by H. Stokes, J. Stafford and R. Holdsworth; `The Cost to Australia of Early School-Leaving.'

The article highlights various reference materials concerning divorce from the Australian Family & Society Abstracts database. Reference materials covering aspects of divorce is an important component of the information available on the Australian Family & Society Abstracts database at the Australian Institute of Family Studies.This bibliography provides a selection of recent research dealing with divorce, in particular how divorce effects children, both as young people and as adults, the question of fault in divorce, and financial aspects of divorce.

The article focuses on reporting therapeutic drug concentrations, citing concerns on different units used in such reporting such as mass units or molar units by different laboratories and in reference sources. It discusses recommendations by the working party set up to address these concerns, such as the use of mass units and the litre as the denominator for expressing concentration for reporting drug concentrations in Australia and New Zealand.

Presents information on several educational kits and resources for young people in Australia. `Close shaves' comic book; `Hit me with your best shot!' comic book.

Presents several information kits and resources on youth studies in Australia. `Moving On: Drug Education for Students With Special Needs,' by Caroline Bui; `MindMatters'; `Get Street Smart.'