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Purpose: Explore advisor understanding of their roles in advisory systems characterised by differing mixes of public and private funding and delivery. Methodology: A systems perspective of advisory system governance is combined with an individual perspective of advisor roles. Data from a survey of 38 Australian, 19 New Zealand, 606 Argentine and 279 Brazilian respondents were analysed for statistical differences. Findings: In all contexts, advisor priorities reflect state or industry goals. Where there is more private funding and delivery, advisors also prioritise farmer commercial goals. Under public extension funding and delivery, group methods and capacity building are emphasised to reach many farmers and realise public goals. Practical implications: Advisors play a crucial role in reconciling competing national, industry and farmer goals at the farm-level. This emphasises participatory methods and intermediary positions in the advisory system to facilitate dialogue and support farmers to realise competing goals. A policy implication is public and industry funding is needed for advisors to engage with public and industry organisations to understand and contribute to policies and objectives they will be advising on. Theoretical implications: Combining a systems perspective of country-level advisory system governance with an individual perspective of advisor roles highlights that advisor understanding of their roles are related to the public governance context in which they operate. Originality/value: The advisor understanding of their roles in the advisory system is related to different governance of pluralistic advisory systems. This contributes to articulating advisory policies and practices to support coordination and inclusion in pluralistic advisory systems.

Lomandra is the largest genus in Asparagaceae subfamily Lomandroideae and possesses economic, ecological, and ethnobotanical significance in Australia. Lomandra comprises four sections, L. section Capitatae , L. section Macrostachya , L. section Typhopsis and L. section Lomandra, the latter comprising series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae , all recognized based solely on morphology. In this study, phylogenetic relationships were estimated for 79 Lomandroideae individuals, including 45 Lomandra species and subspecies (c. 63% of species and subspecies diversity). We generated genome-scale plastome sequence data and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria for phylogenetic estimation. Lomandra was non-monophyletic, with Xerolirion divaricata nested within it. Two major clades were recovered: Capitatae–Macrostachya (CM) and Lomandra–Typhopsis (LT). The CM clade included a monophyletic Lomandra section Capitatae with a base chromosome number x  = 7, and L. section Macrostachya (x  = 8); the LT clade included L. sections Typhopsis and Lomandra , both x  = 8. Section Lomandra series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae were both recovered as non-monophyletic. Morphological characters were assessed to identify combinations of characters that characterize clades. A base chromosome number of x  = 8 was plesiomorphic for Lomandra. The largest number of Lomandra species occupy the Mediterranean ecoregion and occupancy of sclerophyll vegetation was reconstructed as ancestral for the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the role that storytelling can play in teachers' learning. Walter Benjamin's "The Storyteller" provides a theoretical framework that enables us to highlight the complexity of the professional learning of teachers when they share stories about their everyday lives. We develop our argument by presenting two instances of teachers representing their professional experiences through storytelling, using these examples (which are drawn from two distinct research projects) to reflect on the learning they accomplish by telling their stories. In the first example, Portuguese teachers involved in a professional learning programme use storytelling to develop their understanding of their practice as literacy educators. In the second example, Australian teachers who participated in a research project tell stories that challenge the way standardised literacy testing devalues their experience as educators. The lesson we draw from these examples affirms the socially grounded character of storytelling for the professional learning and renewal of teachers vis-à-vis a policy environment that privileges other forms of knowledge.

The current study investigates changes in Austral Summer Monsoon based on numerical experiments conducted with the coupled ICTP-CGCM model. The interannual variability and intensity of the monsoonal system have been analyzed from vorticity indices and air-sea interaction in Africa, Australia and South America. We focus on interglacial stages MIS5e (127 ka), MIS11c (409 ka) and MIS31 (1072 ka). Results show orbitally-driven decreased summer precipitation and slightly shifted monsoon onset and demise with respect to present day conditions. Sensitivity experiments indicate that monsoons are forced not only by the dominant effect of insolation, but also by remote teleconnections, such as the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins. During those interglacial stages, cooling occurs in the Southern Hemisphere whereas Northern Hemisphere substantially warms. This induces meridional displacement of oceanic subtropical high pressure systems and the equatorial convergence zone. Regionally, these mechanisms contribute to droughts over the Amazon and northeastern Brazil, northern Australia and southern Africa. Monsoonal rainfall shows different responses to precessional forcing, as well as the relationship between the monsoon and Niño 3.4 differs among the interglacial stages. Results also indicate a weaker influence of the equatorial Pacific Ocean on the Austral summer monsoon for the MIS31 interglacial stage as compared to current climate conditions across Africa and Australia. On the other hand, South America monsoon is strongly influenced by Niño 3.4 and tropical Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay raises questions about how language educators might construct and further develop their epistemology of practice in and through the situations in which they work from day to day. The occasion for this paper is our work as guest editors of a special issue of "L-1: Educational Studies in Language and Literature," when we invited L1 teachers to reflect on the role that language plays in their professional learning, whether it be in the form of conversations with peers, reflective writing, or by other means. We begin this essay by locating our reflections within our current policy context, namely the standards-based reforms that have come to dominate educational thinking around the world, offering a brief critique of the values and attitudes embedded within them. We then outline a philosophical framework as an alternative to the world-view reflected by such reforms, focusing specifically on the work of Walter Benjamin. In the final sections, we review our work as guest editors of the special issue of L-1, reflecting on what we have learned from the papers we have assembled for this issue, and locating our learning within the philosophical framework that we have drawn from Benjamin. We argue that it is timely for language educators to articulate the assumptions that inhere within their work, in contradistinction to the common sense embedded in standards. Thus we might begin to reconceptualise the relation between language, experience and professional learning in opposition to the hegemony of standards.

Background: Lack of access to patients' digital health records by community pharmacists can negatively impact pharmaceutical care. Access to these records by community pharmacists is only available in some countries. Thus, the study aim was to compare and discuss the shared patients' health records between the National Health Systems and Community Pharmacies in UK and Australia. Methods: Two platforms were selected: Summary Care Records (SCR) (UK) and My Health Record (MyHR) (Australia). A qualitative and descriptive study was carried out. The type of shared health records was collected in public/official websites. Qualitative classifiers/descriptors were created to classify the shared health records. Results: The common classifiers/descriptors between both SCR and MyHR were medicines, medicines/immunization, and medical history. However, MyHR seems to comprise more details/information, such as patient's discharge summaries, specialist letters, or documents to communicate significant patient information from one healthcare provider to another. Conclusion: Community pharmacists can update or consult SCR and MyHR to provide direct patient care in UK and Australia, respectively. The profile of shared health records with community pharmacies was not equal between SCR (UK) and MyHR (Australia). More studies are recommended to evaluate the benefits and risks of using these platforms on patients' outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anti-PD-1 therapy (hereafter referred to as anti-PD-1) induces long-term disease control in approximately 30% of patients with metastatic melanoma; however, two-thirds of patients are resistant and will require further treatment. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab or nivolumab) compared with ipilimumab monotherapy in patients who are resistant to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy (hereafter referred to as anti-PD-[L]1).Methods: This multicentre, retrospective, cohort study, was done at 15 melanoma centres in Australia, Europe, and the USA. We included adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with metastatic melanoma (unresectable stage III and IV), who were resistant to anti-PD-(L)1 (innate or acquired resistance) and who then received either ipilimumab monotherapy or ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab or nivolumab), based on availability of therapies or clinical factors determined by the physician, or both. Tumour response was assessed as per standard of care (CT or PET-CT scans every 3 months). The study endpoints were objective response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety of ipilimumab compared with ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1.Findings: We included 355 patients with metastatic melanoma, resistant to anti-PD-(L)1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab), who had been treated with ipilimumab monotherapy (n=162 [46%]) or ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 (n=193 [54%]) between Feb 1, 2011, and Feb 6, 2020. At a median follow-up of 22·1 months (IQR 9·5-30·9), the objective response rate was higher with ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 (60 [31%] of 193 patients) than with ipilimumab monotherapy (21 [13%] of 162 patients; p<0·0001). Overall survival was longer in the ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 group (median overall survival 20·4 months [95% CI 12·7-34·8]) than with ipilimumab monotherapy (8·8 months [6·1-11·3]; hazard ratio [HR] 0·50, 95% CI 0·38-0·66; p<0·0001). Progression-free survival was also longer with ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 (median 3·0 months [95% CI 2·6-3·6]) than with ipilimumab (2·6 months [2·4-2·9]; HR 0·69, 95% CI 0·55-0·87; p=0·0019). Similar proportions of patients reported grade 3-5 adverse events in both groups (59 [31%] of 193 patients in the ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 group vs 54 [33%] of 162 patients in the ipilimumab group). The most common grade 3-5 adverse events were diarrhoea or colitis (23 [12%] of 193 patients in the ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 group vs 33 [20%] of 162 patients in the ipilimumab group) and increased alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase (24 [12%] vs 15 [9%]). One death occurred with ipilimumab 26 days after the last treatment: a colon perforation due to immune-related pancolitis.Interpretation: In patients who are resistant to anti-PD-(L)1, ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 seemed to yield higher efficacy than ipilimumab with a higher objective response rate, longer progression-free, and longer overall survival, with a similar rate of grade 3-5 toxicity. Ipilimumab plus anti-PD-1 should be favoured over ipilimumab alone as a second-line immunotherapy for these patients with advanced melanoma.Funding: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonamia Thouars (Convolvulaceae) comprises about 60 species, widely distributed through North and South America, Africa, Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia, and Australia. Bonamia is variable, possessing at least two different pollen types, and its current circumscription is controversial. From recent phylogenetic studies in the family, it is established that Bonamia is paraphyletic. Ongoing taxonomic, morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies for the clarification of the real circumscription of Bonamia and its infrageneric relationships, have involved also the pollen analyses of 36 species of Bonamia. The pollen grains were acetolyzed and microphotographed under light microscopy and analyses under Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results increase with descriptions of pollen for taxa never described, as well as species recently described for science and have demonstrated that the pollen grains of all species analyzed are monads, with isopolar, 3-colpate (32 spp.) and 12–32-pantocolpate (4 spp.) since only two pollen types and some variations were cited for the genus we present here five pollen types divided by sections. The exine presented variable ornamentation, with microspines, granules or verrucae and formation of perforations, microreticula and reticula. The palynological features allowed the classification into two major groups: (1) with polar pollen grains and 3-colpate apertures and; (2) with apolar pollen grains with 12–32-pantocolpate. We conclude that Bonamia , in its current circumscription, is euripalynous mainly in what concerns polarity and aperture type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial products are an essential part of living in developed countries such as Australia, facilitating financial transactions and asset ownership. However, for Muslims, the Islamic prohibition of interest potentially rules out the consumption of conventional (non-Islamic) financial products. Instead, Muslims are encouraged to participate in Islamic financial products that share profits, vis-à-vis interest. Existing literature suggests that while some Muslim consumers may consume non-Islamic financial products despite religious imperatives, others may simply abstain, leading to financial and possibly social exclusion. Aiming to enhance understanding of how Muslims in Australia fulfil financial needs, this paper presents a preliminary conceptual model that identifies social and psychological factors that drive Muslims' intention and behavior towards Islamic and non-Islamic financial products. The study seeks to contribute intelligence on the need for distinct marketing strategies when targeting Muslims' consumption of non-Islamic and Islamic financial products in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanopsin confers photosensitivity to a subset of retinal ganglion cells and is responsible for many non-image-forming tasks, like the detection of light for circadian entrainment. Recently, two melanopsin genes, Opn4m and Opn4x, were described in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, only one form, Opn4m, has been described in the mammals, although studies to date have been limited to the placentals and have not included the marsupials.We report here the isolation and characterization of an Opn4 gene from an Australian marsupial, the fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata), and present evidence which suggests that the Opn4x gene was lost before the placental/marsupial split. In situ hybridization shows that the expression of Opn4 in the dunnart eye is restricted to a subset of ganglion cells, a pattern previously reported for rodents and primates. These Opn4-positive cells are randomly distributed across the dunnart retina. We also undertook a comparative analysis with the South American marsupial, the grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), and two placental mammals, mouse and human. This approach reveals that the two marsupials show a higher sequence identity than that seen between rodents and primates, despite separating at approximately the same point in time, some 65–85Myr ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which reviewed literature in order to establish the marketing relevance of ethnic groups in a culturally diverse society such as Australia. Meaning of the aggregation of ethnic groups; Characteristics of individual ethnic groups; Usefulness of aggregates of ethnic groups for marketing; Managerial implications.

• We provide a robust plastome phylogeny of Lomandroideae (13:72) for the first time. • Fossil-calibrated chronogram suggests Lomandroideae diversified from ca. 56.61 Ma. • Biome transitions at 33, 14 and 4–2 Ma correspond to climatic cooling and aridification. • Biome occupancy transitions were correlated with ploidy and storage root characer state transitions. • Evolution of storage roots in Lomandroideae may represent an adaptation to fire rather than to aridity. Asparagaceae: Lomandroideae are a species-rich and economically important subfamily in the monocot order Asparagales, with a center of diversity in Australia. Lomandroideae are ecologically diverse, occupying mesic and arid biomes in Australia and possessing an array of key traits, including sexual dimorphism, storage organs and polyploidy that are potentially adaptive for survival in seasonally arid and fire-dependent habitats. The Lomandroideae phylogeny was reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria, based on plastome data from genome-skimming to infer relationships. A fossil-calibrated chronogram provided a temporal framework for understanding trait transitions. Ancestral state reconstructions and phylogenetic comparative trait correlation analyses provided insights into the evolutionary and ecological drivers associated with Lomandroideae diversification. Lomandroideae diverged from the other Asparagaceae ca. 56.61 million years ago (95% highest posterior density values 70.31–45.34 million years) and the major lineages diversified since the Oligocene. The most recent common ancestor of the clade likely occupied the mesic biome, was hermaphroditic and geophytic. Biome occupancy transitions were correlated with polyploidy and the presence of storage roots. Polyploidy potentially serves as an "enabler" trait, generating novel phenotypes, which may confer tolerance to climatic ranges and soil conditions putatively required for expansion into and occupation of new arid biomes. Storage roots, as a key factor driving biome transitions, may have been associated with fire rather than with aridification events in the Australian flora. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of biome evolution by identifying polyploidy and storage organs as key factors associated with transitions in biome occupancy in this lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]