Search

This study deployed a mixed-method approach to explore how international graduates identified and strategically utilised their resources to negotiate employability in the host country. One hundred and eighty international graduates from Australian universities participated in a survey and in-depth interviews. Findings revealed that employability was determined by various forms of capital including human, cultural social, identity and psychological. More importantly, the graduates had to develop 'agentic capital' to decide how to utilise these forms of capital appropriately. Social and cultural capitals emerged as the crucially important elements when the graduates looked for opportunities to get a foot into the labour market. These forms of capital enabled the graduates to mobilise their human capital. However, to navigate barriers in the workplace, the articulation of a sound understanding about the working culture became a 'must' because the graduates found it hard to understand hidden rules and conventions in the labour market. Results from the study indicate that graduate employability should not just be measured right after students' graduation because different forms of capital play their significant roles at different stages of the graduates' career development. Besides, higher education should equip students with various forms of capital.

The higher education efficiency evaluation model using the data envelopment analysis method has interested many researchers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis on publications extracted from the Scopus database to provide a comprehensive overview of research publications on the measurement of higher education efficiency based on data envelopment analysis: its growth rate, major collaboration networks, the most important and popular research topic. A total of 169 related publications were collected and analyzed from 1988 to 2021. The analysis results show that: Publications published every year have increased sharply in the last six years; The quality of publications is relatively high as publications tend to be published in journals with high-ranking indexes; Countries with the most influence in studies on this topic are: Italy, China, Spain, the USA, and the United Kingdom; Authors with the most influence in this research direction are Agasisti T., Abbott M., Doucouliagos C., Avkiran N.K., and Johnes J.; The research cooperation among countries and among affiliations is not strong. Finally, the paper has provided recommendations for future studies based on the findings.

This paper discusses the impact of a series of professional development workshops for peer leaders to enhance the student learning experience at an Australian enabling education institution over the period of three years (2019-2021). It reports the impact of these workshops on peer leaders' professional development and, more importantly, on enhancing the learning experience of students participating in Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS). The paper also highlights the effect of this initiative on curricular and teaching practices. The insights for this report are drawn from a wide range of data including student and peer leader surveys, reflections, and teacher commentaries. Via the use of NVivo, qualitative data was coded and organised into themes while quantitative data was used as a reference for the discussion of the identified themes. The findings directly support the recommendation that sufficient and contextualised professional development training be provided to promote peer leaders' impacts on student learning experience and to provide an important source of reference for curricular and teaching practices.

Digital literacies are critical for adults from migrant and refugee backgrounds as they settle in a new country. However, institutions, leaders, and teachers often feel uncertain about how to teach digital literacies. Using the notions of digital literacy practices and assemblages, this article reports on a qualitative case study and explores how 30 adults from migrant and refugee backgrounds navigated challenging digital literacy practices related to settlement in Australia. This research found that to deal with challenges, the participants brought together different personal, social, material, symbolic, temporal, and spatial resources. However, sometimes the required resources were not available, which constrained the participants' practices. Some participants were aware of the need to find new solutions but they often did not know how this might be done. In contrast, some participants were reluctant to take a risk. The article concludes with implications for EAL practice by suggesting strengths-based pedagogies for digital literacies.

The purpose of this paper is to unpack the meanings and implications of mobility through the experiences of a group of Vietnamese women who decided to do doctorates in Australia. Drawing on the Deleuzian concepts of rhizome and becoming, our analysis of interview data suggests that mobility is made of multiple connections and is in constant movement, extending often reductive "push-pull" discussions of academic mobility. Each aspect shaping mobility connects to another that is multiscalar and multitemporal, where family, education ideologies, gender norms, economic globalization, neoliberalization within higher education, and the histories and biographies of mobile people come together. Power relations are immanent within structures associated with these connections and the women and mobility come together to create aspirations for educational, professional, and personal becoming. The paper offers a more nuanced understanding of international academic mobility rather than relying on economic perspectives and invites innovative approaches in supporting international doctoral students.

Mounting evidence finds that early life environmental factors increased the probability of autism spectrum disorder. We estimated prospective associations between early life environmental factors and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in children at the age of 2 years in a population-derived birth cohort, the Barwon Infant Study. Autism spectrum disorder symptoms at the age of 2 years strongly predicted autism spectrum disorder diagnosis by the age of 4 years (area under curve = 0.93; 95% CI (0.82, 1.00)). After adjusting for child's sex and age at the time of behavioural assessment, markers of socioeconomic disadvantage, such as lower household income and lone parental status; maternal health factors, including younger maternal age, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, higher gestational weight gain and prenatal maternal stress; prenatal alcohol; environmental air pollutant exposures, including particulate matter < 2.5 [mu]m at birth, child secondhand tobacco smoke exposure at 12 months, dampness/mould and home heating with oil, kerosene or diesel heaters at 2 years postnatal. Lower socioeconomic indexes for area, later birth order, higher maternal prenatal depression, and maternal smoking frequency had a dose-response relationship with autism spectrum disorder symptoms. Future studies on environmental factors and autism spectrum disorder should consider the reasons for the socioeconomic disparity and the combined impact of multiple environmental factors through common mechanistic pathways. [Written with the Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group.]

Key findings, analysis and recommendations that have emerged from a research project, 'Using Human Language Technology to enhance academic integrity, inclusivity, knowledge exchange, student diversity and retention' at the University of South Australia conducted in 2019 are discussed in this article. The primary purpose of the project was to address some of the challenges and opportunities afforded by increasing student and teacher diversity at a predominantly English-medium Australian university through newly enhanced human language translation technology (HLT) also known as machine translation (MT). This technology is frequently used for the translation of human language, and it falls under the umbrella of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. From the institution's perspective, key aims of the project were to contribute to the university's Digital Learning Strategy priorities and core values embedded in a structural transformation of the university. These include integrity, accountability, diversity, social justice, engagement and collaboration. The researchers' objectives focussed on multilingual pedagogies using HLT to support knowledge exchange (transknowledging), and translanguaging for all students. These disrupt inequitable hierarchies, and position bi-/multilingual students as valuable resources for monolingual staff and students.

Introduction: There is little research applying structuration theory in library collaboration studies. This research aims to show how structuration theory informed a study of collaborative relationships between academics and librarians in two universities of Vietnam and Australia. Method: The research used the case study method. Data collection was undertaken with fifty-two participants who were academics, library staff and administrators from one university in Australia and one university in Vietnam. Analysis: Sources of evidences included forty-one semi-structured interviews, a focus group, two observation sessions, a workshop and several written responses that were analysed using middle-level analysis techniques, grounded theory analysis methods and cross-case comparison strategies. Results: The theory informed the study of collaboration in two university contexts and enabled the exploration of the influences of power, culture and social identities on academics and library staff during their collaboration practices, and how their actions change these social structures in different socio-economic, cultural and political contexts. Conclusion: The research contributes initial empirical experiences and research strategies by using the central concepts of structuration theory to study collaboration. It further enriches its interpretation with new personal dimensions including personality, personal relationships and personal perceptions in studying collaboration.

This paper presents a systematic qualitative review of relevant literature, documents and reports, and critically discusses issues facing international students undertaking work-integrated learning (WIL) activities as part of their higher education in Australia. Initiatives utilised to better support international students on these WIL placements are described. Based on an evaluation of the data reviewed, the discussion highlights two main challenges to international students' employment experiences: a limited competence in English communication, and a limited understanding of the local working context. In seeking explanations for the above, the authors identified factors such as inadequate student-entry procedures, limited opportunities for socialisation, limited input in cultural protocols, and the lack of soft-skills training. The recommended solutions include more uniformity between government and employer sectors, increased acceptance and support for multicultural diversity, an openness towards diverse ways of thinking, and an enhancement of training in diverse communication styles.

This article provides a snapshot of the digital collaboration practices in a postgraduate master programme studio, focused on service and interaction design. It presents and discusses research from a student survey focused on evaluating the usefulness of the online collaborative software (OCS) 'Slack' and how it relates to a broader media ecology, which is comprised of contemporary and legacy computer digital technologies, including smartphone applications and email. Affordance theory and the concept of polymedia are combined to account both for the inherent capacities of new communication technologies used in the learning context, and their relational, contingent aspects, which are given shape as part of complex and context-specific communicative practices. In conclusion, it is suggested that there is much potential for further research into how the changing boundaries between everyday life and work -- in part a consequence of OCS and mobile computing -- are also changing the way students communicate with each other and educators.

Transnational education has experienced a phenomenal growth over the past decade. As a dynamic but complex phenomenon, transnational education involves the delivery of curriculum and educational practices developed in one country to students in other countries. Therefore, transnational education is associated with not only benefits but also challenges and tensions of navigating cross-border contexts, characterised by different educational, socio-cultural, historical and economic values and practices. As teachers are key actors in transnational education, their professional development is crucial to the delivery and quality of transnational education. This article focuses on the professional development needs and practices of teachers involved in Australian transnational programmes. It is based on a data subset with 18 teachers involved in transnational education within a broader research project that includes semi-structured interviews with 215 teachers and professional staff in tertiary education institutions in Australia, and researcher participation in and observations of their professional learning activities. The research underscores the importance of responding to teachers' professional development needs in relation to building offshore students' localised capabilities and employability. The study also highlights the need to equip offshore teachers with not only the academic and cultural dimensions of offshore teaching but also the development of resilience in terms of emotional wellbeing to assist them in navigating transnational experiences.

The notion of employability has become a focal point of higher education in many countries' strategies to prepare students for employment. Responses to this notion can differ largely from country to country and from university to university, based on their historical, political, and economic contexts. However, very little has been researched in terms of these differences. More investigation in this area is needed to conceptualise patterns of universities' orientations towards the employment of their graduates. In this article, we utilised comparative institutional analysis as a conceptual framework to discuss differences in the practices deployed by universities in Australia and Japan to prepare their students for employment. We found that Australian universities have widely applied the so-called 'potential maximisation mode' with a focus on teaching technical knowledge and professional skills for increased employability. However, the 'results maximisation mode' has been widely utilised by Japanese universities, stressing the role of universities and academics in ensuring the use of actual graduates to connect students to potential industries directly or creating mentoring opportunities for current students and alumni.

This study investigates how final year pre-service teachers (PSTs) from several countries use social media to support their online professional learning network (PLN) activities. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, it uses a global survey and interview methods to generate fresh insights into PSTs' informally-developed online PLN practices and their perceived benefits of these self-initiated activities. Findings uncover new understandings of contemporary PSTs' patterns of use and configurations of their online PLNs and have implications for their effective transitioning into the teaching profession. Implications for practice or policy: (1) Teacher educators should encourage pre-service teachers to informally develop their own online professional learning networks to leverage a range of benefits, driven by the authentic, diverse and accessible nature of ideas and materials encountered in these spaces; and (2) Pre-service teachers need affirmation and support to be confident, active participants in their chosen online professional learning network spaces, especially in networks shared with more experienced, practising teachers.

The number of international returnees is increasing in emerging economies. However, very little has been known about their career development in their home country. This study explored how Vietnamese returnees from Australia developed their career after returning to Vietnam. The study deployed a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with 15 returnees of Australian universities. The findings revealed the returnees faced a range of barriers hindering their career progression amongst which 'the rigid working culture' was the most significant and 'stereotyped perceptions about Australian qualifications' was an emerging issue due to recent changes in economy and society in Vietnam. The findings revealed three main strategies that the returnees utilised to negotiate their employability including being 'navigator', being 'rebels, and being 'retreatist'. The findings also revealed that there was not a simple answer to whether Australian education outcomes were useful and applicable in Vietnam or not because the usefulness and application were determined by the extent to which the returnees could be able to use their overseas skills and knowledge. The study provided insights about constraints and opportunities in the home market and enrich the current literature about the returnee phenomenon. These insights would support international students to better support their plans for career development upon their return.

This paper offers a conceptual framework that combines Sen's concept of capability and Bourdieu's forms of capital to understand the generative mechanisms of educational advantage or disadvantage. The paper illustrates some ways that the Sen-Bourdieu framework can be applied to understand the Programme for International Student Assessment 2015 results and measures of educational contexts for Australia. The Programme for International Student Assessment 2015 results indicated that students' socioeconomic background and student-level and school-level factors affect their educational performance. Guided by the proposed framework, the paper explains some of these effects and the contexts in which they occur. It suggests educational disadvantages are attributable to economic capital and other forms of capital within broader structural, representational and relational contexts of schooling practices. The implications for improving equity in education are to recognise forms of capital that enable or limit students' educational capabilities, identify contexts and schooling practices in which such enablers or limitations occur, and improve opportunities as well as processes in schools in ways that secure students' differences and uniqueness.

Employability has become a key concept that has attracted the attention of scholars and industries in many countries. At the same time, this concept is highly fluid and vague because its nature is not evidenced by real employment and differences in the nature of labour markets from country to country. Thus, it would be more worthwhile to discuss strategies that graduates utilise while job hunting in order to show how employable they are, and then compare these strategies across countries. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to compare the strategic tendencies of graduates entering the labour markets in three countries: Australia, Japan, and Vietnam. To this end, a comparative institutional analysis is performed. Through the investigation, three types of strategy are identified. In Australia, as the market tends to consist of various competitors with different experiences, graduates must differentiate themselves from others. In Japan, the market consists of competitors from the same academic year cohort and employment tends to be more long term, so employment is seen more as a type of membership, where one must match the corporate culture. In Vietnam, as trust in universities is low in terms of their training programmes and little support is provided, university students utilise their human networks for entry into the labour market and demonstrate their capacity for growth during a probation period.

This study deployed a qualitative approach to explore an alternative perspective regarding graduate migrants' employability. Twenty graduate migrants in Australia participated in in-depth interviews. Findings revealed graduate migrants faced various challenges in the target labour market, and to successfully secure employment it was important for them to develop key forms of capital -- i.e., excellent technical knowledge, relationships with 'significant others', strong career identity and psychological resilience, and exercise agency in interlinking these capitals so that they could make use of their strengths and coat weaknesses. Results from the study imply that managing, teaching, and professional staff members should collaborate closely to develop well-rounded programmes to sufficiently equip international students with multidimensional resources.

Context Omnipod DASH Insulin Management System is a tubeless insulin pump that overcomes the physical inconveniences of conventional tubed insulin pump therapy (IPT). Objective We compared treatment satisfaction with Omnipod DASH System to usual care (multiple daily injections [MDIs] or tubed IPT) in adults with type 1 diabetes using self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). Methods Adults with type 1 diabetes on MDI (n = 40) or IPT (n = 25) from 4 diabetes centers in Australia were randomly assigned in a 1:1 nonblinded manner to Omnipod DASH System (Omnipod group) or continue usual care (Usual Care group) for 12 weeks, followed by a further 12-week extension during which all participants used the device. The primary outcome was treatment satisfaction assessed by change in Diabetes Technology Questionnaire "current" (ΔDTQ-current) score at 12 weeks (study end). Secondary outcomes included ΔDTQ-current following extension and other participant-reported outcomes (PROs) measuring quality of life, burden of disease treatment, and glycemic and device-related outcomes at 12 weeks (study end) and 24 weeks (end extension). Results Treatment satisfaction improved more in the Omnipod group vs the Usual Care group (ΔDTQ-current score of 16.4 [21.2] vs 0.0 [12.8]; P <.001) at study end. Significantly greater improvements in other PROs and glycated hemoglobin A1c were also observed. Improvements in DTQ-current and other PROs comparing study end and end extension were similar. While percentage in time in range change from baseline did not differ at study end (−2.0 [12.7] %), it was significantly greater at end extension (5.6 [10.9] %; P =.016). Conclusion The Omnipod DASH System resulted in greater treatment satisfaction at 12 weeks in adults with type 1 diabetes using SMBG that was sustained after 24 weeks of device use without compromising sleep quality and fear of hypoglycemia. Improvements in glycemia were also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a popular fruit consumed for its desirable flavour, aroma and colour and is considered a functional food due to its antioxidant properties. Noting the need for farmers to increase productivity to meet increasing consumer demands, this study aimed to explore the potential of biostimulants to enhance strawberry cultivation. Herein, a field trial was conducted on a commercial strawberry farm, wherein 1944 strawberry plants received fertigation supplementation with either a control solution (nutrients only) or nutrients combined with one of two biostimulant complexes (BCs). Biostimulant complex 1 (BC1) was composed of molasses, Aloe vera extract and fish-hydrolysate, and biostimulant complex 2 (BC2) was composed of potassium silicate and potassium phosphite. Results indicated that BC1 maintained total yields but increased the sellable proportion and decreased the proportion of waste. In contrast, BC2 increased total yields with both sellable yields and waste increased. No significant changes were observed for indicators of consumer preference (flavour, aroma and fruit colour), however, on-average large increases were observed to indicators of fruit antioxidant properties (phenolic and flavonoid content). Accordingly, these results support the utilisation of biostimulants as a strategy to improve strawberry on-farm productivity without compromising consumer quality measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tubeless upper airway surgery in children is a complex procedure in which surgeons and anaesthetists share the same operating field. These procedures are often interrupted for rescue oxygen therapy. The efficacy of nasal high-flow oxygen to decrease the frequency of rescue interruptions in children undergoing upper airway surgery is unknown. In this multicentre randomised trial conducted in five tertiary hospitals in Australia, children aged 0–16 years who required tubeless upper airway surgery were randomised (1:1) by a web-based randomisation tool to either nasal high-flow oxygen delivery or standard oxygen therapy (oxygen flows of up to 6 L/min). Randomisation was stratified by site and age (<1 year, 1–4 years, and 5–16 years). Subsequent tubeless upper airway surgery procedures in the same child could be included if there were more than 2 weeks between the procedures, and repeat surgical procedures meeting this condition were considered to be independent events. The oxygen therapy could not be masked, but the investigators remained blinded until outcome data were locked. The primary outcome was successful anaesthesia without interruption of the surgical procedure for rescue oxygenation. A rescue oxygenation event was defined as an interruption of the surgical procedure to deliver positive pressure ventilation using either bag mask technique, insertion of an endotracheal tube, or laryngeal mask to improve oxygenation. There were ten secondary outcomes, including the proportion of procedures with a hypoxaemic event (SpO 2 <90%). Analyses were done on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis. Safety was assessed in all enrolled participants. This trial is registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618000949280, and is completed. From Sept 4, 2018, to April 12, 2021, 581 procedures in 487 children were randomly assigned to high-flow oxygen (297 procedures) or standard care (284 procedures); after exclusions, 528 procedures (267 assigned to high-flow oxygen and 261 assigned to standard care) in 483 children (293 male and 190 female) were included in the ITT analysis. The primary outcome of successful anaesthesia without interruption for tubeless airway surgery was achieved in 236 (88%) of 267 procedures on high-flow oxygen and in 229 (88%) of 261 procedures on standard care (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1·02, 95% CI 0·96–1·08, p=0·82). There were 51 (19%) procedures with a hypoxaemic event in the high-flow oxygen group and 57 (22%) in the standard care group (RR 0·86, 95% CI 0·58–1·24). Of the other prespecified secondary outcomes, none showed a significant difference between groups. Adverse events of epistaxis, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, hypoxaemia, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, hypotension, or death were similar in both study groups. Nasal high-flow oxygen during tubeless upper airway surgery did not reduce the proportion of interruptions of the procedures for rescue oxygenation compared with standard care. There were no differences in adverse events between the intervention groups. These results suggest that both approaches, nasal high-flow or standard oxygen, are suitable alternatives to maintain oxygenation in children undergoing upper airway surgery. Thrasher Research Fund, the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, the Society for Paediatric Anaesthesia in New Zealand and Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Uptake of nasal high‐flow therapy in infants with bronchiolitis has grown in the last decade with some evidence suggesting a reduction in escalation of care. The effect of the implementation of recent available evidence on clinical practice remains unclear. Methods: In a prospective observational study over 6 months in six metropolitan hospitals in Australia, we investigated the clinical practice of high‐flow in infants admitted with bronchiolitis and an oxygen requirement. To assess the choice by clinicians of the initial oxygen therapy (standard oxygen or high‐flow) the disease severity was measured by physiological parameters obtained prior to oxygen therapy commencement. Additional secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay and transfers to intensive care. Results: Two hundred thirty‐five infants with bronchiolitis were admitted for oxygen therapy over 6 months during the winter season. Infants who received high‐flow on admission to hospital displayed significantly higher respiratory rates, higher heart rates and higher early warning tool scores with more severe work of breathing than those commenced on standard oxygen therapy as a first line of oxygen therapy. A significantly longer hospital length of stay of 0.6 days occurred in infants commenced on high‐flow. A significantly greater proportion on high‐flow (23.3%) were admitted to intensive care compared to infants commenced on SOT (10.4%) despite the severity of disease in both groups being similar. Conclusions: Infants with bronchiolitis presenting with greater disease severity are more likely to receive high‐flow therapy. Escalation of care in an intensive care unit occurred more frequently on infants on high‐flow. Trial Registration: This trial is registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12618001206213. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between temperature fluctuations and job insecurity in Australia, a country increasingly experiencing the impacts of climate change. Utilising data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey combined with satellite-based temperature data, we assess the influence of temperature deviations on perceptions of job insecurity. Our analysis reveals that higher temperatures are significantly associated with increased job insecurity. This effect is more pronounced in specific states such as New South Wales, Queensland, and Western Australia. Mechanism analysis identifies mental health deterioration and energy poverty as key mediators in this relationship, explaining how environmental stressors translate into employment-related anxieties. Our study's findings highlight the need for interventions that address both the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of Fournier's gangrene (FG), a life-threatening infection of the external genitalia and perineum. The patient, a 52-year-old man, developed FG following routine surgery. The article outlines the management steps taken, including early debridement, intensive care monitoring, and reconstructive surgery. The case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary input and the need for further research to optimize the management of FG. [Extracted from the article]

This study aimed to identify wild barley alleles controlling grain size and weight with the potential to improve barley yield in Australia and worldwide. The HEB-25 nested association mapping population was used, which samples 25 different wild barley accessions in a 'Barke' genetic background. The HEB-25 population was evaluated in field conditions at Strathalbyn in South Australia in 2015 and 2016. Seven yield component traits reflecting ear length, grain number per ear and grain dimension were measured. Among 114 quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified for the seven traits in both years, many co-localise with known genes controlling flowering and spike morphology. There were 18 QTL hotspots associated with four loci or more, of which one at the beginning of chromosome 5H had wild alleles that increased both grain number per ear and thousand-grain weight. A wide range of effects was found for wild alleles for each trait across all QTL identified, providing a rich source of genetic diversity that barley breeders can exploit to enhance barley yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Non-contrast computed tomography of the brain (NCCTB) is commonly used to detect intracranial pathology but is subject to interpretation errors. Machine learning can augment clinical decision-making and improve NCCTB scan interpretation. This retrospective detection accuracy study assessed the performance of radiologists assisted by a deep learning model and compared the standalone performance of the model with that of unassisted radiologists. Methods: A deep learning model was trained on 212,484 NCCTB scans drawn from a private radiology group in Australia. Scans from inpatient, outpatient, and emergency settings were included. Scan inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years and series slice thickness ≤ 1.5 mm. Thirty-two radiologists reviewed 2848 scans with and without the assistance of the deep learning system and rated their confidence in the presence of each finding using a 7-point scale. Differences in AUC and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) were calculated using a ground-truth gold standard. Results: The model demonstrated an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.93 across 144 NCCTB findings and significantly improved radiologist interpretation performance. Assisted and unassisted radiologists demonstrated an average AUC of 0.79 and 0.73 across 22 grouped parent findings and 0.72 and 0.68 across 189 child findings, respectively. When assisted by the model, radiologist AUC was significantly improved for 91 findings (158 findings were non-inferior), and reading time was significantly reduced. Conclusions: The assistance of a comprehensive deep learning model significantly improved radiologist detection accuracy across a wide range of clinical findings and demonstrated the potential to improve NCCTB interpretation. Clinical relevance statement: This study evaluated a comprehensive CT brain deep learning model, which performed strongly, improved the performance of radiologists, and reduced interpretation time. The model may reduce errors, improve efficiency, facilitate triage, and better enable the delivery of timely patient care. Key Points: • This study demonstrated that the use of a comprehensive deep learning system assisted radiologists in the detection of a wide range of abnormalities on non-contrast brain computed tomography scans. • The deep learning model demonstrated an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 across 144 findings and significantly improved radiologist interpretation performance. • The assistance of the comprehensive deep learning model significantly reduced the time required for radiologists to interpret computed tomography scans of the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cough is the most common symptom leading to medical consultation. Chronic cough results in significant health care costs, impairs quality of life, and may indicate the presence of a serious underlying condition. Here, we present a summary of an updated position statement on cough management in the clinical consultation. Main recommendations: Assessment of children and adults requires a focused history of chronic cough to identify any red flag cough pointers that may indicate an underlying disease. Further assessment with examination should include a chest x‐ray and spirometry (when age > 6 years). Separate paediatric and adult diagnostic management algorithms should be followed. Management of the underlying condition(s) should follow specific disease guidelines, as well as address adverse environmental exposures and patient/carer concerns. First Nations adults and children should be considered a high risk group. The full statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and Lung Foundation Australia for managing chronic cough is available at https://lungfoundation.com.au/resources/cicada‐full‐position‐statement. Changes in management as a result of this statement: Algorithms for assessment and diagnosis of adult and paediatric chronic cough are recommended.High quality evidence supports the use of child‐specific chronic cough management algorithms to improve clinical outcomes, but none exist in adults.Red flags that indicate serious underlying conditions requiring investigation or referral should be identified.Early and effective treatment of chronic wet/productive cough in children is critical.Culturally specific strategies for facilitating the management of chronic cough in First Nations populations should be adopted.If the chronic cough does not resolve or is unexplained, the patient should be referred to a respiratory specialist or cough clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unstable variant hemoglobinopathies are an uncommon cause of hemolysis in the pediatric patient and may cause a delay in diagnosis if there is not a high index of suspicion. Hemoglobin (Hb) Mizuho is a rare unstable hemoglobinopathy caused by a pathogenic variant of the HBB gene with a severe phenotype. Here we report on the first known case of Hb Mizuho in Australia, presenting with features of acute and chronic hemolysis. The morphological features on blood film review, in conjunction with biochemical findings and other clinical features, did not immediately suggest an alternative diagnosis and a Next Generation Sequencing gene analysis approach was taken to investigate genes associated with red blood cell disorders and atypical uremic syndrome. The HBB Mizuho variant was detected and established the diagnosis. This report highlights the challenge of diagnosing Hb Mizuho on conventional testing and the need for early genomic testing to clarify a diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the quality and characteristics of the language used by childcare staff when interacting with infants in non-parental group care settings. This qualitative study analysed the manner in which staff used language when interacting with ten children aged between 9 and 20 months in four different long day care centres in Sydney, Australia. Each infant was audiorecorded for one whole day using a small recording device attached to her/his clothing, which captured all the language spoken directly to, or in their presence of, the infant. The infants and staff were simultaneously videorecorded as they went about their everyday activities, to provide additional contextual information. Using systemic functional linguistics as the theoretical underpinning, the study found that staff members tended to talk to more than one child at a time, limiting their potential to engage in the types of sustained conversations with individual children that have been shown to promote language development. Staff also tended to use language primarily to manage children's behaviour and provide physical care, rather than using language to encourage children to use their own developing language to represent their experiences in a variety of contexts. The findings have implications for group size, early childhood teacher education and inservice professional development.

International students' connectedness with their peers, institutions and the broader community significantly affects their learning and wellbeing. It is important to understand their multiple desires for intercultural connectedness in order to nurture it. This paper analyses the motives and nature of international students' intercultural connectedness. It is based on a study that includes more than 150 interviews and fieldwork with international students and staff from 25 vocational education colleges in Australia. Drawing on Blumer's symbolic interactionism theory as a conceptual framework, the study found international students' motivation to engage in intercultural connectedness is linked to not only their desire for respect and recognition for intellectual, cultural and linguistic capacities and diversities but also for employment aspirations. The research shows various dimensions in which intercultural engagement is seen to encompass not only empathy, sociability and equity but also employability. The findings suggest meaningful interaction is essentially bound to reciprocal learning.

Intercultural interaction plays an important role in contributing to international students' learning and wellbeing in the host country. While research on international students' intercultural interactions reveals multifaceted aspects of personal and social factors, there is a tendency to consider language barrier and cultural differences as individual factors that constrain their interactions with the institutional community. Drawing on 105 interviews with international students in Australian vocational education and training and dual sector institutions, this paper examines international students' intercultural interactions in host institutions and the factors that act as enablers or inhibitors for intercultural interactions. It highlights the social and structural conditions in creating symbolic capital of elitist Anglo-Australian culture and English language, and social differentiation. This paper offers insights into understanding the legitimacy of such elitism, in hope that future conceptualisation, research and practices of intercultural interactions may locate international students within their cultural diversity.

Background: Studies evaluating the economic burden of dermatological care in the transplant setting are currently not available in Australia. Aims: To evaluate the clinical and economic burden of benign and malignant skin lesions in renal transplant recipients in Central Queensland. Methods: A bottom‐up approach was used to determine the clinical burden and direct costs from patient‐level Medicare data obtained from Service Australia for skin lesions. Results: Seventy‐six percent of the renal transplant population in Central Queensland participated in this study. The median age was 57.0 years (standard deviation ± 13.6) and the majority (61.8%) of participants were men. The mean duration after transplant surgery was 99.9 months (interquartile range, 73.2–126.6 months). During a 2‐year follow‐up, 22 (40%) patients were diagnosed with benign skin lesions, 21 (38%) with nonmelanoma skin carcinoma (NMSC) and one (2%) with melanoma. There was a total of 231 visits to clinicians for diagnostic and therapeutic skin procedures and the direct costs to Medicare was $48 806 Australian Dollars (AUD) or $30 427 US Dollars (USD). Approximately 86% of the total direct costs was spent for nonNMSC and mean direct costs for NMSC was $763 AUD (or $476 USD). Conclusion: This Medicare data‐based study provides further insight into the burgeoning clinical and economic burden of the care for benign and malignant skin lesions in the renal transplantation setting in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)