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The latest guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) 2007, the Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) 2008, the Australian Prevention of Endocarditis Guidelines 2008, the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) 2006, and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) 2008 were reviewed for this article. As a result of recent literature reviews by the AHA and NICE committees, both groups made recommendations regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment. While both agree that the benefit of prophylaxis for dental treatment is unproven, the NICE committee has recommended no antibiotic cover for any patients previously classified as 'at risk' of infective endocarditis (IE), while the AHA has recommended cover only for patients deemed to be at high risk of developing IE and with the poorest outcome in the event of IE development. The BSAC guidelines and the recently published Australian Therapeutic Guidelines on Prevention of Endocarditis 2008 fall broadly into line with the AHA guidelines. This paper will review all the separate guidelines and advocate a regimen for treating at-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]