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In 2020, following the disruption of COVID-19, we rapidly moved the interprofessional Peer Teacher Training (PTT) program, traditionally delivered via blended learning to 'online only' format. Consisting of seven modules, the PTT program is designed to provide health professional students with opportunities to develop skills in teaching, feedback, assessment, teamwork and communication, in preparation for peer teaching and future practice. This study sought to compare 'blended learning' with 'online only' delivery. 'Blended learning' format, included a one-day face-to-face session, requiring 9 facilitators. Students participated in small group learning activities, and were formatively assessed on their teaching and feedback skills. 'Online only' delivery occurred across three weeks, using asynchronous and synchronous activities, requiring 11 facilitators. Students completed a post-course questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Eighty-five students completed the program; 36 in 'blended learning' and 49 'online only' format, from six disciplines (health sciences, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, oral health and public health). All (100%) 'blended learning' and 67% 'online only' participants completed the questionnaire. Both sets valued the online reading, discussion boards, videos, with opportunities to practice teaching skills, give and receive feedback. They reported an increased understanding of the roles of other disciplines. However, the 'face-to-face' component had some associated benefits, including a more positive attitude towards interprofessional learning and intention to teach. While 'online only' delivery of the program provided an effective alternative to the traditional 'blended learning' format, additional 'real-time' sessions may improve student engagement.

Telephone-based services are a practical and effective behavioral support for smoking cessation, yet no in-depth analyses of this counseling have been conducted. Understanding the general content of Quitline conversations can help to improve current practices and may inform future interventions. Therefore, we aimed to independently explore conversation themes, topics, and client questions during Quitline counseling sessions with Quitline clients in Queensland, Australia. A purposive sample of 30 recorded counseling sessions, completed between January and March 2019, were de-identified, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Seven themes, encompassing 35 topics, were derived from 26 initial calls and four follow-up calls: (1) Client details and building rapport; (2) Client history and motivation to quit; (3) Pharmacotherapy; (4) Behavioral aspects of quitting and relationship with smoking; (5) Understanding nicotine dependence and other important considerations; (6) Additional support and smoking cessation resources; and (7) Planning, goal setting and follow-up. Three themes emerged from 18 client questions including: (1) Pharmacotherapy safety and contraindications; (2) Pharmacotherapy instructions and mechanism of action; and (3) Physiology of nicotine dependence. This is the first qualitative analysis of the content of Quitline counseling sessions in Australia. Counselors collect and deliver a breadth of information to provide tailored, evidence-based health care, while building rapport and trust. Findings may be translatable into personalized self-help interventions that are more accessible or appealing to people reluctant to contact Quitline. Harnessing educational opportunities regarding pharmacotherapy adherence and misconceptions can improve client confidence in the product and smoking cessation outcomes. Further research will map conversations to motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques.

Genre studies on the job cover letter (letter of application) have focused mainly on linguistic analyses of the genre in terms of the generic structure and linguistic strategies commonly used by applicants. These studies have taken the view that the cover letter was an open-ended opportunity for favourable self-promotion. However, to date no study has provided a detailed description of the context in which these letters were written. This study examines one essential contextual aspect, the job advertisement, and its impact on the cover letter. It aims to determine if the cover letter is still of major significance in the application process in the digital era. Based on a genre-based analysis of a case study of an online job advertisement from an Australian-based recruitment website together with the response of an applicant, it is found that the open-ended and creative cover letter may no longer be the preeminent genre of the job application process.

Recent studies have reported a growing trend of using student-generated diagrams for assessment in science teaching and research. However, many educators tend to use diagrams to explore students' perceptions of scientists and their work rather than explore conceptual understanding of abstract concepts. In this study, we used diagrams to investigate students' conceptual understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds among water molecules in snowflakes. Participants were 70 first- and second-year university students. Following a sequence of interview prompts, the students drew diagrams to illustrate the interactions amongst water molecules in snowflakes. Sixty students' diagrams were analyzed inductively using a constant comparison method. Most diagrams showed that the students did not have major challenges drawing the water molecule structure, recognizing polarity of a water molecule, or recognizing the intermolecular nature of hydrogen bonds. However, the diagrams revealed varied ways in which students conceptualized the formation of hydrogen bonds. A third of the diagrams revealed students' alternative conceptions about the role of lone pairs of electrons in the formation of hydrogen bonds. Most diagrams which showed a good understanding of the nature of a hydrogen bond revealed students' difficulties in recognizing molecular interactions in a 3D space. Our findings suggest that student-generated diagrams can provide a powerful way to understand students' conceptions of abstract science concepts.

In recent years, chemistry educators are increasingly adopting immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology to help learners visualise molecular interactions. However, educational studies on IVR mostly investigated its usability and user perceptions leaving out its impact on improving conceptual understanding. If they evaluated students' knowledge gains, they tended to use information recall tests to assess knowledge gains. Employing interviews and diagram-drawing tasks, this study explored how students' conceptual understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds and the shape of snowflakes changed through a collaborative IVR experience on snowflakes. Participants were 68 undergraduate chemistry students. Videos of pre-/post-interviews and student-generated diagrams were analysed. The results indicated a marked improvement in students' conceptual understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds among water molecules in snowflakes. After IVR, 57 students provided scientifically acceptable explanations of the nature of hydrogen bonds. Improvements in students' understanding were related to the intermolecular nature of hydrogen bonds, the role of lone pairs of electrons in forming hydrogen bonds, and molecular interactions in 3D space. This study suggests that collaborative IVR could be a powerful way for students to visualise molecular interactions, examine their alternative conceptions, and build more coherent understanding. Implications for the design and implementation of IVR activities for science learning are discussed.

Higher education has increasingly adopted online and blended models of teaching. Guided by institutional policy and digital competence frameworks, the integration of digital tools and competences is perceived as essential. The pivot to emergency remote teaching (ERT) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of digital technologies and the need to deploy and support digital competences. Researchers captured a range of remote teaching practices in higher education across this period that highlight the adaptability of teachers despite a lack of preparation for such an event. This study reviewed empirical studies of ERT from the past 2 years to derive a conceptual frame for ERT digital competence, which was then applied as a lens to analyse teaching or digital competency frameworks from Australian universities. The findings of this paper demonstrate the pre-pandemic teaching and digital competency frameworks captured digital competencies relevant to ERT in varied ways. Practically, the findings provide a starting point for understanding digital competences needed for ERT to ensure future preparedness in responding to a crisis that disrupts educational provision. We also suggest universities can better support the development of teachers' digital competence through practical operationalisations that connect technical and pedagogical knowledge, make digital possibilities across modes of delivery explicit, and acknowledge the need to protect wellbeing of educators.

University students are more likely to feel satisfied and persist with their studies if their experiences have met their expectations, and vice versa (Wu, Tsai, Chen, & Wu, 2006). Understanding what online students expect, therefore, is important to guide how universities might satisfy and retain these students. Research into online student expectations to date, however, has been limited to pre-defined expectations of the academic experience, and extrapolations from traditional higher education. To gain a deeper understanding of what online students expect, the author conducted in-depth interviews with 43 commencing online students. Thematic analysis revealed online students' expectations were described by six key themes: Motivation, Ability, Circumstances, Interaction, Curriculum, and Environment. The findings offer an empirical, student-centred, and multifaceted understanding of online student expectations. Opportunities are illuminated to clarify inaccurate expectations, and to design online education to better meet student needs, facilitating enhanced online student satisfaction and retention.

Children make choices between generosity and greed every day. Often they must also choose between confession or denial of antisocial acts like greed, thereby displaying either honesty or hypocrisy. Such choices pose cognitive challenges that, in theory, might reflect children's developing social-cognitions and affect their daily social lives and developmental opportunities. Individual differences in altruism and hypocrisy were examined in relation to theory of mind (ToM) in 102 school-age children (44 autistic; 58 typically developing) using ecologically valid altruism and hypocrisy tests where generosity had lasting real-life costs and hypocrisy was self-serving. Selfless altruism was abundant for autistic and nonautistic children alike and was significantly predicted by ToM over and above other predictors like age, gender, and language. More nonautistic (74%) than autistic children (41%) displayed hypocrisy, although individual ToM differences among ASD children were not significantly correlated with it. Findings extend to new instances (altruism and hypocrisy) evidence of ToM's importance for everyday social behaviors that impact upon peer relations while also extending past evidence that: (a) unexpected sociomoral strengths can coexist with ToM delays, (b) attention to individual differences is crucial, and (c) autistic children's capacity to develop sociomoral reasoning should not be underestimated.

Commonly accepted beliefs about science are drastically different from the reality. Science is almost universally regarded--at least in developed industrial countries--as the reliable source of understanding of the material world. In fact, science is as fallible as any other human activity, influenced in similar ways by outside interests and conflicts of interest. Scientific activity has changed progressively, largely because science has been greatly stimulated through increased governmental funding as well as increasing reliance on science for desirable commercial and sociopolitical ends. In this article, the author discusses his change from complete faith in science to regretful caution.

Despite almost every Australian state and territory criminalizing image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), which includes the non-consensual taking, creating, or sharing of intimate images, judicial discourse in this context remains underexplored. In this article, using feminist critical discourse analysis, we investigate how Australian courts conceptualize the harms of IBSA in 47 criminal and civil cases. We find that while the serious harms suffered by individual victim-survivors are widely recognized, judicial discourse on societal harms is limited, with little to no recognition of IBSA as a form of gender-based violence (GBV) in and of itself. This is significant for several reasons, including the overrepresentation of women victim-survivors and male perpetrators in our dataset, and the gender and other inequalities that often underpin IBSA. We argue that by adopting an inclusive gender-based approach, the courts can promote more nuanced, relational, and holistic understandings of the individual and societal harms of IBSA, knowledge of which is important for addressing this rapidly growing form of GBV in Australia and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel strategies are needed to target the health of postpartum women, who face numerous competing demands. This survey study of 553 postpartum women found 90% want access to a range of health information via social networking sites from reputable professionals, with Instagram (71%) the preferred platform. Delivery of health information to postpartum women via health organisation social networking sites could deliver cost savings and health benefits for postpartum women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Defence and Emergency Services personnel are exposed to a high number of traumatic events during their employment, which may result in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Art therapy serves as a possible as a trauma-focused treatment for PTSD. However, as health funding becomes more difficult to secure, there is a need to be able justify value to funding bodies. A Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis provides the opportunity to value typically intangible social value outcomes through a ratio of X:1. Aim: The current study outlines the process and results of a SROI of a culturally informed art therapy programme for defence and emergency services personnel with PTSD symptoms in Australia. Methods: Six steps for conducting an SROI were followed: (1) establishing the scope and identifying the participants; (2) mapping the outcomes; (3) evidencing and valuing those outcomes; (4) establishing impact; (5) calculating the SROI; and (6) reporting the ratio. Results: Eight outcomes were identified, and proxy figures calculated for these outcomes. After weighting and discounting, a ratio of 3.05:1 was identified, indicating $3.05 of social value was generated for every $1 invested in the programme. Conclusion: Culturally informed art therapy offers a social return for military and emergency services personnel as a PTSD intervention. Implications for practice/policy/research: The findings of this study can be used by art therapy practitioners and programme leaders to justify art therapy practice for veterans with PTSD in policy and funding applications. They may also guide conducting SROI analyses contextualised to local cultural settings. Plain-language summary: Defence and Emergency Services personnel may be exposed to a high number of traumatic events during their employment, which can result in severe emotional distress. This distress can develop into post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, or even a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Art therapy has been growing in popularity as a possible trauma-focused treatment for PTSD, especially for Defence and Emergency Services personnel. However, as health funding becomes more and more difficult to secure, there is a need to justify the impact of well-being programmes to funding bodies. Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis provides the opportunity to measure and provide a monetary ratio value to typically intangible social value outcomes structurally and unambiguously. This is represented by detailing how many dollars of social value is returned for every dollar invested into the programme as a ratio of X:1. This study conducted an SROI analysis for an art therapy programme with current and former military and emergency services with PTSD in Australia. The following methods were undertaken: (1) establishing the scope and identifying the participants; (2) mapping the outcomes; (3) evidencing and valuing those outcomes; (4) establishing impact; (5) calculating the SROI; and (6) reporting the ratio of amount of social value. Conservative estimates were used. Eight outcomes were identified, and proxy figures calculated for these outcomes. After weighting and discounting, $3.05 of social value was generated for every $1 invested. This study suggests that a culturally informed art therapy as an intervention for PTSD symptoms with military and emergency services offers a social return for the money invested and may be worth funding. The results of this study can be utilised by art therapy practitioners and programme leaders to justify art therapy practice for veterans with PTSD in policy and funding applications, and guide conducting their own SROI analyses contextualised to their cultural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classic spatial theory expects parties to converge on the same ideological position given certain assumptions. Many of these assumptions fail to hold in most countries, which may account for why this prediction frequently fails to materialise. Due to a unique combination of institutions, Australia presents the best chance for the theory to work: all votes must flow to either of the two major parties, parties approximate unitary actors, and elections see turnout as high as any democracy. If convergence should happen anywhere, it should be in Australia, and many argue that Australian parties indeed fulfil this prediction. However, in contrast to much of the literature, we do not find Australian politics to be unusually centrist. Based on five measures of ideology, we do not find convincing evidence that Australia's party system is any more convergent than any other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress while operating is an important contributor to surgeon health and burnout. Measuring stress is key to improving surgeon and patient outcomes, however biological responses to stress during surgery are variable and difficult to interpret. Participant reported measures of stress have been suggested as an alternative, but the most appropriate measure has not been defined. This study's primary aim was to assess measures of anxiety, stress, and workload before and after surgical simulation and characterize the relationship between these measures. Methods: Surgeons completed three laparoscopic exercises from the fundamentals of laparoscopy program (peg transfer, pattern cutting, intracorporeal suturing) in a neutral environment and "stressed" environment (ergonomic, noise, or time pressure). State trait anxiety and self-reported stress on a visual analogue scale were collected prior to simulation and again immediately afterwards. The NASA task load index (TLX) was also administered post-simulation. Results: Of the 26 participants from gynecological and general surgery specialties, state anxiety increased in 98/148 simulations (62%) with a significant mean increase during simulation (32.9 ± 7.9 vs 39.4 ± 10.2, p <.001). Self-reported stress increased in 107/148 simulations (72%), with a significant increase in mean scores during simulation (38.7 ± 22.5 vs 48.9 ± 23.7, p <.001). NASA-TLX scores immediately after simulation ranged from 40 to 118 (mean 60.5 ± 28.7). Greater anxiety and stress scores were reported in "stressed" simulations (43.6 ± 23.1 vs 54.2 ± 23.3; 68.7 ± 27.0 vs 52.4 ± 28.2 respectively) with a significant interaction effect of the "stressed" environment and type of exercise. Anxiety and stress were moderately positively correlated prior to simulation (r =.40) and strongly positively correlated post-simulation (r =.70), however only stress was strongly correlated to workload (r =.79). Conclusion: Stress and anxiety varied by type of laparoscopic exercise and simulation environment. Correlations between anxiety and stress are stronger post-simulation than prior to simulation. Stress, but not anxiety, is highly correlated with workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This explorative cross-country qualitative study aims to describe experiences of receiving a dementia diagnosis and experiences of support following a diagnosis in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and Poland. Method: Qualitative study using projective techniques during online focus groups, online and telephone interviews with people with dementia and caregivers. Results: Twenty-three people with dementia and 53 caregivers participated. Qualitative content analysis revealed five themes; (1) 'Coming to terms with dementia' helped people deal with complex emotions to move forward. (3) 'The social network as a source of support' and (4) 'The challenges and realities of formal support' and impacted 'Coming to terms with dementia'. (2) 'Navigating life with dementia as a caregiver' highlights caregiver burden and was impacted by (4) 'The challenges and realities of formal support'. People were (5) 'Self-caring and preparing for tomorrow' as they focused on maintaining current health whilst planning the future. Despite differences in healthcare and post-diagnostic support systems, there were more similarities across countries than differences. Conclusion: Across countries, formal support and support from friends and family are crucial for people with dementia and caregivers to come to terms with dementia and maintain carer wellbeing to ultimately live well with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: One third of Australian children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes present with life‐threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis. Screening for early‐stage, presymptomatic type 1 diabetes, with ongoing follow‐up, can substantially reduce this risk (<5% risk). Several screening models are being trialled internationally, without consensus on the optimal approach. This pilot study aims to assess three models for a routine, population‐wide screening programme in Australia. Methods: An implementation science‐guided pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and costs of three screening models in children will be conducted between July 2022 and June 2024. These models are as follows: (1) Genetic risk‐stratified screening using newborn heel prick dried bloodspots, followed by autoantibody testing from 11 months of age; (2) genetic risk‐stratified screening of infant (6–12 months) saliva followed by autoantibody testing from 10 months of age; and (3) autoantibody screening using capillary dried bloodspots collected from children aged 2, 6 or 10 years. Cohorts for each model will be recruited from targeted geographic areas across Australia involving ≥2 states per cohort, with a recruitment target of up to 3000 children per cohort (total up to 9000 children). The primary outcome is screening uptake for each cohort. Secondary outcomes include programme feasibility, costs, parental anxiety, risk perception, satisfaction, well‐being and quality of life, and health professional attitudes and satisfaction. Conclusions: This pilot is the first direct comparison of three screening implementation models for general population screening. Findings will provide evidence to inform a potential national screening programme for Australian children. Trial Registration: ACTRN12622000381785. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of third-party liability for breach of confidence has frequently been described as "unsettled". One aspect of uncertainty within the case law is whether such liability should be considered "accessorial" or "primary". This article suggests that a priori categorisations of third-party liability as universally accessorial or primary should be avoided. Instead, the article advocates for a "circumstance-dependent" approach to be taken. It argues that distinctions should be drawn between recipient and participant liability. For participant liability, liability will necessarily be accessorial. However, for recipient liability, it will depend on the circumstance said to put a third party on notice of the information's confidentiality. The article observes that the treatment of liability as accessorial or primary may have significant remedial consequences, including whether: split elections between compensation and an account of profits can be made against multiple wrongdoers; liability can be treated as joint and several; and third parties can be bound to arbitration agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Active Ingredient Prescribing (AIP) mandate was introduced Australia‐wide on 1 February 2021. The AIP legislation makes the pharmacist a stakeholder who can provide valuable information to customers and patients. Aim: To explore the experiences of community pharmacists with AIP legislation with a focus on attitude, health literacy, and medication safety. Method: Semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted and guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Transcripts were analysed using a deductive approach to categorise data and inductive thematic analysis to identify concepts and themes. Ethical approval was granted by the Griffith University Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 2021/878) and the study conforms to the Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Informed consent from all participants was obtained via a study information sheet distributed to all potential participants and completion of written consent forms prior to participation in the study. Participants received gift cards as compensation for their time. Results: Six pharmacists participated, and thematic analysis of collected data revealed three main themes. These included education, integration, and trust. Insights on patients' acceptance of their prescriptions and the expanded patient‐facing opportunities were highlighted. Participants' opinions leaned towards enhancing the smooth integration into the AIP process of other stakeholders like prescribers and regulatory bodies. Establishing multilevel communication between stakeholders and customers was pivotal to improving health literacy and medication safety. Pharmacists' views on process integration provided unique insight into the practical challenges with the AIP mandate. In addition, 'trust' in the prescriber enhanced patient acceptance of generic medicines. Conclusion: The study provided baseline evidence to show that the AIP mandate enhances health literacy and empowers patients to know the active ingredients in their medicines, which in turn supports medication safety. Examining the implementation of the AIP legislation facilitated a nuanced understanding of the effect that these AIP changes have on patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) more commonly occur in children with comorbidities and are increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance. There are few large studies of GNBSIs in children that relate the clinical presentation, pathogen characteristics, and outcomes. Methods A 3-year prospective study of GNBSIs in children aged <18 years was conducted in 5 Australian children's hospitals between 2019 and 2021. The clinical characteristics, disease severity, and outcomes were recorded. Causative pathogens underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing. Results There were 931 GNBSI episodes involving 818 children. Median age was 3 years (interquartile range, 0.6–8.5). A total of 576/931 episodes (62%) were community onset, though 661/931 (71%) occurred in children with comorbidities and a central venous catheter was present in 558/931 (60%). Central venous catheter (145/931) and urinary tract (149/931) were the most common sources (16% each). One hundred of 931 (11%) children required intensive care unit admission and a further 11% (105/931) developed GNBSIs in intensive care unit. A total of 659/927 (71%) isolates were Enterobacterales, of which 22% (138/630) were third-generation cephalosporin resistant (3GCR). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes were confirmed in 65/138 (47%) 3GCR Enterobacterales. Most common extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes were bla CTX-M-15 (34/94, 36%) and bla SHV-12 (10/94, 11%). There were 48 deaths overall and 30-day in-hospital mortality was 3% (32/931). Infections with 3GCR Enterobacterales were independently associated with higher mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–6.4). Conclusions GNBSIs in children are frequently healthcare associated and affect children younger than age 5 years. Infections with 3GCR Enterobacterales were associated with worse outcomes. These findings will inform optimal management guidelines and help prioritize future antimicrobial clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emphasis on reconciliation as a process of individual reflexivity and institutional reform raises important questions about people's engagement in reconciliation discourses. This paper uses critical discourse analysis to examine how staff at a regional Australian university interpret reconciliation and its application in a workplace context. Many frame their understanding on ideas that are considered foundational to reconciliation in post-colonial Australia. Notions of relationships and coexistence, unity and social harmony, cultural respect and the rightful place of First Nations peoples form the foundation to a revisionist national identity tied to a critical examination and responsiveness to past injustice. Participants recombine and reorder these concepts in ways that speak to their individualised translation, with a greater emphasis on the agency of First Nations peoples in the learning and teaching environment. Such expressions indicate a willingness by respondents to engage in the ideas of reconciliation at the cognitive level. For many, however, reconciliation remains an aspirational or desired activity, and belies a reticence to take personal action that will contribute to wider institutional change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer at high risk of developing overt metastases but with no current evidence of evaluable disease on computed tomography or bone scan non‐metastatic castrate‐resistant prostrate cancer have demonstrated increased metastasis‐free survival and overall survival following treatment with the next‐generation oral anti‐androgen apalutamide (in addition to therapies that aim to lower testosterone to castrate levels) or luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone antagonist or surgical castration. Patients receiving apalutamide can be managed by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, or urologists, preferably as part of a multidisciplinary team. However, the importance of additional safety monitoring for significant adverse effects and drug interactions should not be underestimated. The toxicities of apalutamide are manageable with experience and should be managed proactively to minimize their impact on patients. Monitoring of patients for apalutamide‐specific toxicities, including skin rash, hypothyroidism, and QT prolongation should be carried out regularly, particularly in the first few months following initiation. Monitoring should continue alongside monitoring for toxicities of androgen deprivation, including cardiovascular risk, hot flashes, weight gain, bone health, muscle wasting, and diabetic risk. This review is a practical guide to the use of apalutamide describing the management of patients including dosing and administration, toxicities, potential drug interactions, and safety monitoring requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Uterus transplantation (UTx) is an emerging treatment option for women with uterine factor infertility (UFI) or the absence of a functional uterus. This is the study protocol for the first human UTx clinical trial in Australia. Materials and Methods: This protocol outlines the approved training program used to plan, diagnose, screen, and treat patients who may be eligible for UTx using living and deceased donors. This multi‐site clinical research study includes three tertiary hospital sites within New South Wales (NSW), Australia – Prince of Wales, Royal Hospital for Women and Westmead Hospitals. Our UTx protocol is based on that used by our collaborative partner, the inaugural UTx team in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Swedish UTx team provides ongoing preceptorship for the Australian UTx team. Ethics approval for six UTx procedures using living or deceased donors (Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee: 2019/ETH138038) was granted in 2020. Results: Results from surgeries and live births will be published. Data will be prospectively entered into the registry of the International Society of Uterus Transplantation (ISUTx), a sub‐section of The Transplantation Society (TTS). Trial Id: ACTRN12622000917730. Discussion: A multidisciplinary research team has been formed between three tertiary hospitals in Sydney – The Royal Hospital for Women, Prince of Wales and Westmead Hospitals; and with the Swedish UTx, University of Gothenburg. The Swedish team pioneered animal and human UTx studies since 1998, including publishing the first live birth after UTx. (1) This Australian trial commenced in January 2023. Conclusion: Uterus transplantation gives women with UFI the opportunity to be gestational and genetic mothers. It is a complex procedure for both the donor and recipient, with medical and surgical risks. An extensive multidisciplinary approach is required to optimise patient safety and graft outcomes. This protocol outlines our Australian UTx team strategy for screening, recruitment, surgical approach, and clinical management of UTx recipients and donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A classroom-based simulation activity is conducted in a third-year finance subject, involving teams of students negotiating a business sale or purchase. A case study approach provides a basis for interpretation. Interviews with students, along with statistical information and relevant policy documents, were analyzed and interpreted to generate the findings. The effectiveness of the simulation activity is evaluated and showed that it enhanced learning and involved students drawing on a range of graduate capabilities in meeting a negotiated outcome. The authors also report that the effectiveness of the activity as gauged from the perspective of the students is also supported.