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Celery (Apium graveolens L., var. Dulce), is a biennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, cultivated in humid soils in the Mediterranean basin, in Central-Southern Europe, and in Asia. Despite its wide diffusion and although it is well-known that cultivar/origin strongly influences plant composition, only a few studies have been carried out on the different types of celery. The present work aims to investigate four different Italian types of celery (two common, Elne and Magnum celery, and two black, Torricella Peligna Black and Trevi Black celery), and to test, whether the combination of FT-IR spectroscopy and chemometrics allows their ecotype discrimination. The peculiarity of this study lies in the fact that all the analyzed celeries were grown in the same experimental field under the same soil and climate conditions. Consequently, the differences captured by the FT-IR-based tool are mainly imputable to the different ecotypes. In order to achieve this goal, FT-IR profiles were handled by two diverse classifiers: sequential preprocessing through ORThogonalization (SPORT) and soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA). Eventually, the highest classification rate (90%, on an external set of 100 samples) has been achieved by SPORT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addressing the generalization issue faced by data-driven methods in food origin traceability, especially when encountering diverse input variable sets, such as elemental contents (C, N, S), stable isotopes (C, N, S, H and O) and 43 elements measured under varying laboratory conditions. We introduce an innovative, versatile deep learning-based framework incorporating explainable analysis, adept at determining feature importance through learned neuron weights. Our proposed framework, validated using three rice sample batches from four Asian countries, totaling 354 instances, exhibited exceptional identification accuracy of up to 97%, surpassing traditional reference methods like decision tree and support vector machine. The adaptable methodological system accommodates various combinations of traceability indicators, facilitating seamless replication and extensive applicability. This groundbreaking solution effectively tackles generalization challenges arising from disparate variable sets across distinct data batches, paving the way for enhanced food origin traceability in real-world applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a highly popular vegetable in Asia used for food seasoning in powder form. In this study, 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with canonical discriminant analysis was applied to differentiate the geographical origin of Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese red pepper powders distributed in Korea. Through the quantitative analysis of metabolite peaks in the 1H NMR spectra of 62 red pepper powder extracts, seven discriminant variables with significant differences between origins were identified. The canonical discriminant functions derived from the discriminant variables could correctly classify the geographical origins of all the Asian red pepper powder samples. The capability of the discriminant functions was further examined by discrimination of the origins of 16 additional blind red pepper powder samples. This study shows that 1H NMR spectroscopy is a useful method to discriminate red pepper powder origin with the appropriate canonical discriminant analysis of signals associated with metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common carp is the first domesticated fish species in the world, which is the main fish candidate for being cocultured with rice in paddy fields. There are several strains of rice field-domesticated common carp in China, such as Qingtian (paddy-field) carp, Congjiang Carp, Wuyi Carp etc. Unfortunately, their geographical origins were unclear and the adaptability to rice field of these common carp varieties have not yet been well studied. Here we used 2b-RAD simplified genome sequencing to obtain 108,813 SNP markers from two paddy-field carp populations (Qingtian and Wuyi Mountain) and eight wild carp populations to explore the phylogenetic relationship and differences between the Qingtian paddy field carp and the other neighboring wild and domesticated carp populations. Compared with the wild carp populations, the levels of nucleotide diversity of the two paddy-field carp populations were lower. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, principal component analysis (PCA), and population structure analysis all showed three clusters of the carp populations: Qingtian paddy-field carps as one of the clusters, paddy-field carps from Wuyi Mountain areas the second and all the wild common carp populations the third. Qingtian paddy-field carps were clearly separated from other populations, which was consistent with the population differentiation index (F st) analysis. All these analyses indicated that Qingtian paddy-field carps showed the closest relationship with the Oujiang wild carp population (OJ), and less close to all other populations, providing clear evidence of the geographical origin of Qingtian paddy-field carp from Oujiang River. With wild carps as the control group and paddy-field carps as the selection group, 180 genes with a selection signature were obtained. The gene ontology (GO) classification and enrichment analysis showed that the genes with a selection signature were enriched in the pathway related to signal transduction function. We can thus conclude that Qingtian paddy field carp of the Asia first GIAHS rice-fish coculture system were originated from the domestication from the local Oujiang wild common carp population, which showed a clear genetic adaptive evolution in genes with function in signal transduction. These findings will help us to further disclose the domestication effects on fish that leading us better understanding the adaptive mechanism of fish to the rice field environment. • Paddy field carp was originated from the local wild population. • Results supported hypothesis of multiple origin of paddy field carps. • Domestication caused higher adaptive evolution and genetic differentiation in paddy field carps. • Paddy field carp showed adaptive evolution in signal transduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Provenance and traceability tools can support long-term seafood security. • Traceability techniques have been little tested for octopus. • A novel combination of statolith isotopes and soft-tissue elements were analysed. • Chemical profiling accurately identified origins of octopus, even across species. • This technique can support accountability and sustainability of seafood. Octopus play an increasingly important role in ocean ecosystems and global fisheries, yet techniques for authenticating provenance are sorely lacking. For the first time, we investigate whether chemical profiling can distinguish geographical origins of octopus on international and domestic scales. Our samples consisted of wild-caught octopus from south-east Asia and southern Australia, regions with high seafood trade. We used a novel combination of stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope analyses (Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry) of internal calcified structures called statoliths, with elemental analyses (X-Ray Fluorescence using Itrax) of soft-tissue. We found that multivariate profiles exhibited distinctive regional signatures, even across species, with high classification success (∼95%) back to region of origin. This study validates isotopic and multi-elemental profiling as an effective provenance tool for octopus, which could be used to support transparency and accountability of seafood supply chains and thus encourage sustainable use of ocean resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to investigate total fatty acid composition and lignan contents of Korean, Chinese and Indian roasted sesame oils and to differentiate the geographic origins of the oils using analytical data in combination with canonical discriminant analysis. The analytical data were obtained from 84 oil samples that were prepared from 51 Korean, 19 Chinese, and 14 Indian white sesame seeds harvested during 2010 and 2011 and distributed in Korea during the same period. Six variables selected for the discriminant analysis were the contents of three fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, and palmitic) and three lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol). A good discrimination between sesame oils from Korea, China, and India was achieved by applying two canonical discriminant functions, with 97.6 % of the samples correctly classified into the geographic origin. When the origins of five commercial oil samples (one was prepared from Korean sesame seeds and the other four were made from imported sesame seeds) were predicted using discriminant functions, the Korean sesame oil was accurately distinguished from the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This review was performed to assess variations in background observations in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) originating from three breeding centres located in Mauritius, The Philippines and Vietnam. The data and tissue samples from 90 cynomolgus monkeys (approximately evenly distributed between the three sources) comprising the control groups from 11 regulatory toxicology studies were used for this investigation. Clinical data – age, body weight, organ weights, haematology and serum biochemistry – were analyzed. Samples of stomach, colon, kidney, heart, liver, spleen and lung were examined microscopically and graded to characterize the degree of lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration. The main microscopic origin-related variations concerned the digestive tract, where the lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration grade was significantly lower () in cynomolgus monkeys from Mauritius when compared with those from Asia. Generally, only the antral mucosa of the stomach was infiltrated in cynomolgus monkeys from The Philippines, whereas both the fundic and antral regions were infiltrated in those from Vietnam. The digestive tract infiltration grade was strongly correlated with the mean white blood cell count in monkeys from all three sources. Spiral-shaped bacteria were observed in the stomach of monkeys from all three sources, but their presence did not correlate with the severity of the gastric infiltrate. Helicobacter heilmannii-type bacteria were almost always seen in the fundus, Helicobacter pylori-type bacteria were only occasionally seen in the antral region. The incidences of other microscopic findings, such as urothelial cytoplasmic inclusions or Balantidium coli in the caecum, also varied according to the source of the monkeys. Some variations in relative organ weights, haematology and serum biochemistry were also related to the origin of the monkeys, but these did not correlate with the microscopic findings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]