1. Safety and Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Fasting during Ramadan: A Review.
- Author
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Nakhleh, Afif, Mazareeb, Jomana, Darawshi, Said, Masri, Amin, and Shehadeh, Naim
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PHARMACEUTICAL arithmetic , *DRINKING (Physiology) , *URINARY tract infections , *PATIENT safety , *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin , *RAMADAN , *GLYCEMIC control , *GENITAL diseases , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *INSULIN , *DIABETIC acidosis , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *SODIUM-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors , *DRUG efficacy , *INSULIN secretagogues , *FASTING , *HYPOGLYCEMIA , *DEHYDRATION , *GLOMERULAR filtration rate , *EVALUATION - Abstract
This review evaluates the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) fasting during Ramadan. All studies included in the review were conducted in Asia and the Middle East. Overall, the evidence suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are a safe and effective treatment option for most T2DM patients fasting during Ramadan. The average incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia is 12.5%, but ranges from 0.7% to 27%, depending on the study population and concomitant use of other medications. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased when SGLT2 inhibitors are used in combination with insulin and/or sulfonylureas. Therefore, patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with insulin and/or sulfonylureas can take steps to mitigate this risk, such as having their insulin and/or sulfonylurea doses adjusted and being closely monitored for hypoglycemia. Patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors may be at increased risk of dehydration. To mitigate the risk of dehydration, patients should be advised to consume adequate fluids during the fast-breaking hours. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and extend their applicability to high-risk populations and other regions of the world. Plain Language Summary: Safety and effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan: a review This review delves into the existing evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who observe Ramadan fasting. The studies reviewed were conducted exclusively in Asia and the Middle East. Overall, the gathered evidence suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors constitute a safe and effective treatment option for most T2DM patients fasting during Ramadan. While a slightly elevated risk of dehydration compared to other medications may exist, this is generally well-tolerated. To mitigate the risk of dehydration, patients should be advised to consume adequate fluids during the fast-breaking hours. However, further research is warranted to validate these findings and extend their applicability to high-risk populations and other world regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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