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This two-dimensional study makes significant incursions into the health-environment literature by interrogating whether non-renewable energy moderates the impact of environmental degradation on mortality rates. It further aligns with the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and 11, which aim to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages and make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. It contributes to the health-environment literature by investigating the intrinsic relationships among mortality rates, carbon emissions (environmental degradation), and non-renewable energy consumption. The study uses an unbalanced sample of 42 Asia and Pacific countries to determine (1) whether carbon emissions exaggerate the incidence of mortality rates and (2) if the interaction of non-renewable energy with carbon emissions enhances or alters the impact of carbon emissions on mortality rates. Consistent findings from the panel spatial correlation consistent least-squares dummy variables (PSCC-LSDV) and two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques reveal that (i) carbon emissions exacerbate mortality rates; (ii) non-renewable energy consumption exhibit mortality-reducing properties; (iii) non-renewable energy attenuates the impact of carbon emissions on mortality rates, (iv) persistency in mortalities occurs; and (v) the health-environment-energy dynamics differ across income groups. The paper's conjecture is expected to channel a new line of discourse on how non-renewable energy influences the environment and health outcomes., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The epidemiological situation of leprosy is reported by the health division of each country to WHO. The reported data is collected by WHO and is immediately run on the Weekly Epidemiological Record. On this latest edition, data from the beginning of 2010 was reported. The Enhanced global strategy for further reducing the disease burden due to leprosy (plan period: 2011-2015) emphasizes reducing grade-2 disabilities among new cases. The burden of leprosy continues to decline globally as a result of sustained efforts carried out by national leprosy programmes along with continued support from both national and international partners. Improving the management of complications through the development of an effective referral service and increased community awareness about the disease will ensure that cases present for diagnosis at an early stage and will help reduce the disease burden further.