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Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a modality that utilizes high electric voltage to cause cell apoptosis. IRE has been used to treat locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). However, studies of IRE via surgical approaches for LAPC are limited. This study aims to analyse the outcomes and related prognostic factors of IRE for Asian patients with LAPC. From 2012 to 2017, this prospective trial for using IRE through surgical approaches for LAPC was conducted in 11 medical centres in Asia. All related and treatment outcomes were analysed from a prospective database. Seventy-four patients were enrolled. Thirty complications occurred in thirteen (17.6%) patients without mortality. The electrode placement direction (anteroposterior vs. craniocaudal, HR = 14.2, p < 0.01) and gastrointestinal invasion (HR = 15.7, p < 0.01) were significant factors for complications. The progression-free survival (PFS) rate in one year, three years, and five years were 69.1%, 48.7%, and 28.8%, and the overall survival (OS) rate in one year, three years, and five years were 97.2%, 53%, and 31.2%. In univariate analysis, the chemotherapy regimen, local tumour recurrence, axial tumour length, tumour volume, and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were all significantly associated with PFS and OS. In multivariate analysis, the chemotherapy regimen was the only significant factor associated with PFS and OS. TS-1 (Tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil) group has superior survival outcome than gemcitabine group. This study showed that combined induction chemotherapy and surgical IRE for LAPC is safe. For well-selected patients, IRE can achieve encouraging survival outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With technological improvements in the endovascular armamentarium, there have been tremendous advances in catheter-based femoropopliteal artery intervention during the last decade. However, standardization of the methodology for assessing outcomes has been underappreciated, and unvalidated peak systolic velocity ratios (PSVRs) of 2.0, 2.4, and 2.5 on duplex ultrasonography have been arbitrarily but routinely used for assessing restenosis. Quantitative vessel analysis (QVA) is a widely accepted method to identify restenosis in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular interventions, and PSVR needs to be validated by QVA. This multidisciplinary review is intended to disseminate the importance of QVA and a validated PSVR based on QVA for binary restenosis in contemporary femoropopliteal intervention.