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All universities must achieve legitimacy, as this is essential to attract students, staff, and resources, including funding. To achieve legitimacy in transnational higher education, universities must conform to the rules and belief systems in the host countries. Adopting a case study approach, this research aims to investigate the different institutional influences on three Chinese international branch campuses (IBCs) that operate in South East Asia. The institutional factors behind the strategies taken in establishing and operating such branch campuses are discussed, as well as the different legitimacy building strategies adopted to counteract the liability of foreignness in the host countries. It was found that legitimacy is established through three modes: legitimacy conformity, selective legitimacy conformity/nonconformity, and legitimacy creation, which are adopted according to the IBC's dependence on local resources and the strength of the institutional forces in the host country.

Musk deer ( Moschus spp.) are small forest ungulates that are unique to Asia and are mainly distributed in China. In the last 30 years, because of indiscriminate trapping, hunting, and killing of the musk deer for musk and the loss of suitable habitat due to deforestation, the distribution and population of wild musk deer have declined. The Chinese government has proposed a protection plan for musk deer, and promoted the musk deer's reintroduction as an important population restoration measure. However, a limited amount of research is available regarding the behavior of artificial populations and disease control and prevention, and very few studies have been undertaken to determine the role of nutrition in the successful reintroduction of musk deer. Therefore, we reviewed the related studies on nutrition of musk deer, considered the habitats, artificial breeding, and disease prevention, and assessed potential problems in population recovery of the musk deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]