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Machine perfusion (MP) is often referred to as one of the most promising advancements in liver transplantation research of the last few decades, with various techniques and modalities being evaluated in preclinical studies using animal models. However, low scientific rigor and subpar reporting standards lead to limited reproducibility and translational potential, hindering progress. This pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021234667) aimed to provide a thematic overview of the preclinical research landscape on MP in liver transplantation using in vivo transplantation models and to explore methodological and reporting standards, using the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) score. In total 56 articles were included. Studies were evenly distributed across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Porcine models were used in 57.1% of the studies, followed by rats (39.3%) and dogs (3.6%). In terms of graft type, 55.4% of the studies used donation after cardiac death grafts, while donation after brain death grafts accounted for 37.5%. Regarding MP modalities, the distribution was as follows: 41.5% of articles utilized hypothermic MP, 21.5% normothermic MP, 13.8% subnormothermic MP, and 16.9% utilized hypothermic oxygenated MP. The stringent documentation of ARRIVE elements concerning precise experimental execution, group size and selection, the choice of statistical methods, as well as adherence to the principles of the 3Rs, was notably lacking in the majority of publications, with less than 30% providing comprehensive details. Postoperative analgesia and antibiotics treatment were not documented in 82.1% of all included studies. None of the analyzed studies fully adhered to the ARRIVE Guidelines. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes the importance of adhering to reporting standards to promote reproducibility and adequate animal welfare in preclinical studies in machine perfusion. At the same time, it highlights a clear deficiency in this field, underscoring the need for further investigations into animal welfare-related topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) classification is a molecular classification established based on the tissues of gastric cancer (GC) patients in Asia. Patients with different ACRG subtypes differ significantly with regard to treatment response and prognosis, which indicates that the ACRG molecular classification is more valuable than the traditional pathological classification. However, the specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the value of the ACRG molecular subtypes of GC have not been studied in depth. Methods: Through the analysis of the GEO database, the DEGs in GC tissues of different ACRG molecular subtypes were investigated. The expression and mechanism of the screened angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) gene were bioinformatically analyzed and experimentally verified. The role of AGTR1 in GC cells was mainly investigated using CCK-8, wound-healing, transwell invasion assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. Results: The bioinformatics results showed the presence of multiple DEGs in GC tissues with different ACRG molecular subtypes. Certain DEGs in GC tissues of different ACRG molecular subtypes have prognostic significance. AGTR1 levels in tumor tissues were significantly higher than in paired paracancerous tissues. The prognosis of GC patients with high expression of AGTR1 was poor (p < 0.05). The AGTR1 gene in GC samples was associated with the expression of immune pathways and immune checkpoint genes. After modifying AGTR1 expression in cell lines, cells' proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities and the expression of related genes changed. Conclusions: There were significant DEGs in GC tissues with different ACGR molecular types, among which the increased expression of AGTR1 was a molecular feature of MSS/EMT type gastric cancer. Further study found that AGTR1 was closely related to tumor immune infiltration and invasion and may be a new therapeutic target gene for gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of patients with concomitant malignant tumors after organ transplantation by compiling data from organ transplantation patients. Methods. By searching CNKI and PubMed databases, we made a systematic analysis of the studies of postorgan transplantation complicating malignant tumors in the last decade. Results. There were 10 articles on malignant tumors after renal transplantation, 8 articles on liver transplantation, 2 articles on heart transplantation, and 1 article on lung transplantation. The incidence of malignant tumors complicating renal transplantation is 10.4% in Europe, with skin cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma being common; the incidence in the United States is 3.4%, with PTLD having the highest incidence; the incidence of malignant tumors is relatively lowest in Asia, with gastrointestinal malignancies being the main ones. The mean time to complication of malignancy after renal transplantation is 3.83 years. The incidence of concurrent malignancies after liver transplantation is 8.8% in Europe, where skin cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma are common; 5.6% in Asia, where gastrointestinal tract tumors are prevalent; and 4.5% in the United States, where gastrointestinal tract tumors, PTLD, and hematologic diseases are predominant. The mean time to complication of malignancy after liver transplantation is 4.79 years. The incidence of malignancy after heart transplantation is 6.8-10.7%. The incidence of malignancy after lung transplantation is about 10.1%. Minimization of immunosuppression or modification of immunosuppression regimens may be a key component of cancer prevention. mTOR inhibitors and phenolate (MMF) reduce the incidence of de novo malignancies in patients after solid organ transplantation. Surgical treatment improves survival in patients with early malignancies. The use of external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is limited due to the risk of radiation liver disease. Conclusions. The risk of concomitant malignancy needs to be guarded for 5 years of immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation surgery. Adjusting the immunosuppressive treatment regimen is an effective way to reduce concurrent malignancies. Systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy requires vigilance against the toxic effects of drug metabolism kinetics on the transplanted organ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]