Search

The article "Neuromodulators: a market overview" provides an overview of the development and market for Botulinum toxin type A treatments. The market for these treatments is growing annually by approximately 9%, with Asia experiencing the largest increase. There are various manufacturers and brands of Botulinum toxin available in different countries. The global market for Botulinum toxin is expected to reach $10.62 billion by 2030. The article also mentions various indications for the use of Botulinum toxin as well as new developments in the market. It also explains the difference between Botulinum toxin type A and type B. The article concludes by mentioning a new master's program in Aesthetic Medicine at the Medical University of Vienna. [Extracted from the article]

An increasing involvement of the Asian market in the global context plays a fundamental role in spreading shocks across the financial system. This paper examines the extent of vulnerability across Asian equity markets and the United States (US) equity market by distinguishing between spillovers and contagion. Spillovers are detected using a generalised historical decomposition method, while contagion is identified using a portfolio mimicking factor framework using moment conditions. The transmission of spillovers is assessed to capture the direction, strength and signs of the spillovers. The findings show evidence of changing vulnerability in Asia and the US. This is as a result of increased spillovers during crisis events and the presence of contagion. Stronger connections during crisis periods are evident as well as a general deepening of the global network. These connections may result in reduced opportunities for emerging markets. The findings suggest that caution is needed when developing regulations or methods to create a stable financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we first identify the community-level structure of risk contagion among global stock markets and then provide the follow-up early-warning signals. The findings underscore the geographic nature of risk communities and their market composition heterogeneity. The core structure of risk contagion among global stock markets can be characterized by the relationship among a small number of communities that are highly coincided with geographic regions of Asia–Oceania, Europe and the Americas. Especially, we observe a more prominent role of emerging markets in communities of the Americas and Asia–Oceania. Moreover, our early-warning signals show that risk contagion within the European community and the outward spillovers to others are more pronounced. Risk spillovers from the community of Asia–Oceania to the Americas cannot be ignored either. The empirical findings may help develop the concept of top-down hierarchical real-time risk management. Risk contagion of markets in Europe and Asia–Oceania should also be attached more importance in the future early-warning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dramatic global economic changes are under way at the dawn of the new millennium, such as the new Euro currency, Asian economic downturn, instantaneous flows of capital, new global conglomerates, and the growth of the Internet. These changes will have a profound impact on global marketing management, including increasing risk and uncertainty, real-time information management, and rapid response to global developments. Cross-impact analysis will become a more important tool for dealing with uncertain interactions among complex forces. The managerial mindset will have to grasp the big picture, think outside the box, discount the present to create the future, and move far beyond benchmarking. This will lead to changes in decision-making orientations, including a shift from relatively stable environments and mechanistic management approaches to more turbulent environments and systemic management approaches and a shift from hard facts for solving problems to virtual facts for problem prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study of American business reaction to the national markets of Asia, Africa, and Latin America reveals considerable insensitivity to these markets. The author shows the need for information about appropriateness of product design, the nature of product impact, and the degree of political vulnerability of a product. He demonstrates how a firm might ultimately imperil its entire market position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting the overnight (close-to-open) return direction of a stock market index has recently attracted great attention. Owing to the strong interactions among stock markets around the globe, one stock market would be inevitably affected by others. In this study, we take global stock market indices as an informative source and propose a deep learning approach combining genetic algorithm to forecast the overnight return direction of a target stock market index. Starting from the multiple-branch input layers representing stock market indices from various regions worldwide, we use multiple convolution units to extract the features from each region. These features are then concatenated and connected with fully connected layers to forecast the daily direction of the overnight return. To optimize the deep neural network, genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal network architecture and parameters. In the experimental study, we apply the proposed model to forecasting the overnight return directions of nine target indices from Asia, Americas and Europe markets. The experimental results indicate that compared with other competing methods, the proposed model is superior in terms of the accuracy, F -measure and Sharpe ratio. • We focus on the daily close-to-open return (R C − O) of stock market index (SMI). • We propose a novel MBCNN to forecast the direction of daily R C − O. • Multiple convolutional units are used to extract features from intraregional SMIs. • GA is used to determine the optimal structure and hyper-parameters of MBCNN. • Performance of the proposed MBCNN is better than other competing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the ongoing financial and economic crisis originated during 2008-09 and the possibility of a double dip recession in advanced economies, export-dependent economies of Asia and the Pacific need to rebalance its growth toward domestic and regional demand for sustainable growth of Asia and the world. Despite remarkable growth during the last decade, the region still faces extensive basic infrastructure needs such as transport, energy, telecommunications and water. Asia, therefore, needs to enhance its connectivity through developing transport infrastructure at the national and regional level to rebalance its growth through enhancing intraregional trade, to enhance economic integration and to meet basic infrastructure needs. Transport plays a significant role in enhancing connectivity within and across Asian economies. However, building massive transport infrastructure will have profound implications on environment and climate change at the national, regional and global levels. In this evolving scenario, Asia needs to build efficient, safe, affordable, timely, world-class, socially and environmentally sustainable and seamless transport connections within the region, and with the rest of the world, in order to be competitive and prosperous. This paper analyzes the major challenges in developing sustainable transport connectivity, by fostering regional cooperation toward a seamless Asia. The paper examines the needs and benefits of transport connectivity and financing requirement for 2010-2020. It examines the impact of transport connectivity on environment and the prospects and challenges for developing seamless sustainable transport connectivity. Finally, the paper provides policy recommendations on what the region can do to meet these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the economic growth in Las Vegas, Nevada. It states that the city is exporting the Las Vegas model of casino gaming and tourism to different parts of the world, especially, Asia but not getting economic returns on these exports. It further states that the city needs to follow certain public policies for its economic growth which include use of the Mandarian Chinese as the second official language in Nevada and diversification within the tourism.

This paper first reviews the voluminous, recent literature related to location choice by Japan's multinational corporations (MNCs) in Asian manufacturing. This review suggests that host economy size, labor costs (defined to include the influences of productivity and labor quality) and agglomeration of Japanese investors were among the most important factors influencing location choice by Japanese MNCs. However, evidence regarding a wide range of other potential determinants was more mixed. Principles underlying the literature review are then illustrated by constructing an index of investment attractiveness from 140 components used to measure the influence of 10 groups of determinants, and ranking the 11 largest Asian hosts to Japan's manufacturing MNCs in a baseline and 14 alternative scenarios. The baseline and four of the five alternative scenarios prioritizing local or export markets reveal China to be the most favorable location, usually followed by Singapore and Hong Kong. In nine alternative scenarios with lower weights on domestic and export markets but higher weights for cost factors, Singapore, followed by Hong Kong and China, were usually the most attractive locations. At the other end of the scale, India, Vietnam and the Philippines ranked lowest in the baseline and in most alternative scenarios, with Indonesia ranking slightly higher. Baseline index rankings were similar to rankings of affiliate sales for China, India, Vietnam and the Philippines, but diverged for the other seven economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of past studies on the foreign market mode of entry have focused on manufacturing industries. Although some studies have explored the entry mode decisions of the banking industry, most of them have adopted the case study method, and systematic studies have been relatively few. This study intends to fill this gap through an investigation of 7041 Asian and Latin-American bank branches covering the period from 1999 to 2005. The analytical results demonstrate that both Asian and Latin-American banks are market seekers. However, Latin-American banks are not customer followers. In addition, the larger the scale of the bank or the greater the net interest margin the more likely it is that high-control entry modes will be adopted. In contrast, in countries in Asia with a greater cultural distance, banks tend to establish low-control entry modes to avoid uncertainty. However, this does not apply in the case of Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the effects of 2008 global economic crisis in the Asian stock markets. The author emphasized some vulnerabilities of the markets which include greater financial integration exposure, an increase of export marketing in the U.S. and European Union (EU), and the declination of secondary transmission channels such as remittances, tourism receipts and investments. Moreover, information regarding the guidelines on how to overcome the vulnerabilities is also discussed which includes the establishment of bilateral swap arrangements introduced by Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), coordination of financial and trade policies and the importance of fiscal economic stimulus package.

Summary: This paper studies the product cycle and neo-technology theories of trade in the context of generic pharmaceuticals. It analyzes the export performance of 131 Indian pharmaceutical firms for the period 1989–2004. The results indicate that technology proxied by foreign patent rights has a positive impact on exports. This suggests that developing countries with innovation skills for process innovations are capable of penetrating international markets in the later stages of the product cycle by using patents, which were the barriers to trade in the early stages of the product cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Current international financial system is characterized by the global dollar standard where the US dollar plays an essential role in many aspects of international usages. This is particularly the case in Asia where the dollar remains as a major reserve, vehicle and anchor currency. The paper deals with the challenges of dollar over-reliance in the world in general and in Asia in particular, with emphasis on the fact that Asia being a creditor to the US has to cope with the problems and instability that the dollar standard brings about. Asia needs to have further regional financial integration and to strengthen regional financial cooperation supported by a strong institutional arrangement, a sound regional financial market and a collective regional monetary regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature, antecedents, and consequences of consumer animosity during the 1997 Asian economic crisis are investigated, based on a large-scale survey of 2000 adult consumers representative of five affected nations (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand). An animosity model was developed and tested with the US and Japan as target countries. As predicted, stable and situational animosity reduced willingness to buy products from a perceived hostile national entity. Affective evaluations and cognitive judgments were negatively influenced by situational animosity but not by stable animosity. As expected, situational animosity was increased by external attribution, perceived external control, and stable animosity. Implications of these findings are discussed, and directions for future research suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article accounts the transformation of Asian animation from 1995 onwards and discusses the factors affecting this transformation. According to the author, the significant factors that influence Asian animation include foreign influences and connections, involvement of the national government, and advances in digitization. These influencing factors are extensively discussed. The first factor is composed of several aspects including imported programming, subcontracting agreements, co-production efforts, and international marketing.

The article discusses the quantitative and qualitative impact of economic growth in Asia on the international oil market. Quantitative impact signifies the demand for imported oil and its price effect while qualitative impact signifies the relation between oil importers and exporters. The first part presents the political background for economic performance in Asia as well as the rising demand of energy and the continuous quest for imported oil. Market competition between oil importers is discussed in the next section followed by the global impact of oil trading. The last part discusses the relation of Asia in the Middle East and the United States in terms of oil trading, commerce and finance.

The advertising of controversial products/services and the use of controversial images to "cut through the clutter" in the marketplace appears to be increasing around the world. However, apart from the general ethical issue regarding the deliberate use of controversial/offensive images for public viewing that may offend some people, it is important to determine what makes a controversial advertisement offensive? A questionnaire was distributed to 1014 students across four different countries in the Asia Pacific region to determine what type of products are seen as offensive and the reasons they are offensive. The results present some important implications for international marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These pages present abstracts and keywords to articles featured in the March 2003 issue of 'European Journal of Marketing.' The articles include 'Examining firm and environmental influences on export marketing mix strategy and export performance of Australian exporters,' 'Should marketing managers be concerned about attitudes towards marketing and consumerism in New Zealand? A longitudinal view,' 'Exploring the role of market learning capability in competitive strategy,' 'Strategic marketing planning: a grounded investigation,' 'The alternative classification scheme in the Asian context,' 'Marketing planning, market orientation and business performance,' 'An evaluation of typologies of marketplace strategic actions: the structure of Australian top management perceptions,' 'The effects of market orientation on trust and commitment: the case of the sponsorship business-to-business relationship,' 'Australian marketing managers' perceptions of the Internet: a quasi-longitudinal perspective,' 'Beyond market orientation: knowledge management and the innovativeness of New Zealand firms,' and 'Servicing customers directly: mobile franchising arrangements in Australia.'