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Disparities continue to pose major challenges in various aspects of science. One such aspect is editorial board composition, which has been shown to exhibit racial and geographical disparities. However, the literature on this subject lacks longitudinal studies quantifying the degree to which the racial composition of editors reflects that of scientists. Other aspects that may exhibit racial disparities include the time spent between the submission and acceptance of a manuscript and the number of citations a paper receives relative to textually similar papers, but these have not been studied to date. To fill this gap, we compile a dataset of 1,000,000 papers published between 2001 and 2020 by six publishers, while identifying the handling editor of each paper. Using this dataset, we show that most countries in Asia, Africa, and South America (where the majority of the population is ethnically non-White) have fewer editors than would be expected based on their share of authorship. Focusing on US-based scientists reveals Black as the most underrepresented race. In terms of acceptance delay, we find, again, that papers from Asia, Africa, and South America spend more time compared to other papers published in the same journal and the same year. Regression analysis of US-based papers reveals that Black authors suffer from the greatest delay. Finally, by analyzing citation rates of US-based papers, we find that Black and Hispanic scientists receive significantly fewer citations compared to White ones doing similar research. Taken together, these findings highlight significant challenges facing non-White scientists.

In this study we investigated the representation of countries and continents in the publication of six English language journals of sport and exercise psychology from 1997 until 2011. We selected all articles (N = 2093) published in theJournal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,The Sport Psychologist,Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,Journal of Sport Behavior,Psychology of Sport and Exercise, andInternational Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychologyduring 1997–2011 and all proceedings (N = 2034) in the last four World Congress of Sport Psychology (1997, 2001, 2005, and 2009). Then, we classified them by country and continent where the first author's institution was located. Five English-speaking countries (USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) represented 82% of the total publications in the six journals and 38.5% of congress proceedings. These were followed by five European countries (France, Germany, Greece, Norway, and Belgium) accumulating 10% of the total publications. The continents of Asia, Africa, and Latin America represented less than 4% of the publications but 28.2% of congress proceedings. There was a very high correlation between continents' representation in journal editorial boards and journal publications. Reviewers and readers should be aware of systematic errors that might happen in the review process of submitted manuscripts describing studies which have been conducted in non-English-speaking countries but which are eventually rejected in English language journals of sport and exercise psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines patterns, antecedents, and effects of (international) cooperation in accounting academia based on 7105 papers published in 15 leading accounting journals. In particular, we investigate the dissemination of different forms of cooperation, identify author characteristics that are related to the propensity of cooperation and analyze whether cooperation is associated with research performance (in terms of research impact and output). We find that scholars from Asian countries tend to be more heavily involved in international cooperation than researchers from most European countries and the USA. A Ph.D. from a leading school, a scholar's previous publication experience and a past appointment as editor or editorial board member are positively associated with the propensity for cooperation, while a researcher's current affiliation has only limited impact. Surprisingly, our findings show that cooperation is not related to a greater research impact as measured by citation numbers per paper. Finally, we find a significant negative relationship between a scholar's share of co-authored papers and his or her research output in leading accounting journals as measured by the weighted numbers of papers per author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the publication of "Asian Politics & Policy" which was published on July 2017. Topics mention including the issues information which include several topics such as the strategic hedging, vote systems and production of social science, editorial board and issue's subscription information.

The members of the periodical's editorial board is listed, including Christopher Lascelles, Paul Cheeseright and Sophie Ibbotson.

This editorial explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on orthopedics, with a particular focus on advancements in Asia. It delves into the integration of AI in hospitals, advanced applications in China, and future expectations. The discussion is underpinned by an examination of AI's role in assisted diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical navigation, predictive analysis, and post-operative rehabilitation monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) phenotype without aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, acute/multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM/ MDEM)-like presentation, and brainstem and cerebral cortical encephalitis. There is no apparent female preponderance in MOGAD, and MOGAD can onset in all age groups (age at onset is approximately 30 years on average, and approximately 30% of cases are in the pediatric age group). While prevalence and incidence data have been available for AQP4+ NMOSD globally, such data are only beginning to accumulate for MOGAD. We reviewed the currently available data from population-based MOGAD studies conducted around the world: three studies in Europe, three in Asia, and one joint study in the Americas. The prevalence of MOGAD is approximately 1.3-2.5/100,000, and the annual incidence is approximately 3.4-4.8 per million. Among White people, the prevalence of MOGAD appears to be slightly higher than that of AQP4+ NMOSD. No obvious latitude gradient was observed in the Japanese nationwide survey. The data available so far showed no obvious racial preponderance or strong HLA associations in MOGAD. However, precedent infection was reported in approximately 20-40% of MOGAD cases, and this is worthy of further investigation. Co-existing autoimmune disorders are less common in MOGAD than in AQP4+ NMOSD, but NMDAR antibodies may occasionally be positive in patients with MOGAD. More population-based studies in different populations and regions are useful to further inform the epidemiology of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of international and collaborative publication trends in prominent behavior‐analytic journals has been a topic of interest for behavioral researchers. This paper focuses on publication trends from 1997 through 2020 in three prominent journals: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), and Perspectives on Behavior Science (PBS). The variable of interest was the percentage of articles published per geographical category—Australasia/East Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America, and Africa. The results showed that 79, 96, and 87% of the published articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were conducted by researchers with a North American affiliation. Furthermore, 12, 4, and 4% of the articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were coauthored by at least two researchers from different geographical categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As "Australasian Journal of Educational Technology" (AJET) Production Editor, the author evaluates whether AJET is providing a fair and adequate representation for researchers in Asian countries, with particular reference to AJET's aspiration to be "a front ranked international journal with an Australasian character" (Atkinson & McLoughlin, 2007, p. v). His initial exploratory study suggests that AJET's progress is actually better than "mixed." According to his findings, "Higher Education Research & Development" (HERD) and a good number of its peer journals seem to attain a much smaller representation of researchers in Asian countries (the Asia-Pacific region) compared with the highly ranked educational technology journals that the author has monitored as peers for AJET. The author suggests categorising journals as if some are "with borders" and some "without borders" with respect to submissions from Asian countries could help to direct a spotlight upon matters that are more readily subject to influence by editors, editorial boards, and review panels for journals such as AJET and HERD, in contrast to matters that are much more difficult to influence, such as government and institutional policies that promote (or fail to promote) educational research and its scholarly reporting and author perceptions about a journal's receptiveness towards Asian or ESL authored articles. He concludes that editors and editorial boards need to be very sure that all is in good order with respect to their influences upon the under-representation of Asian countries, before delving deeply into researching author, government and institutional influences. Furthermore, every international journal needs to monitor its representation of Asian authors, ESL authors, and so on, and to ensure that it never falls behind the global trend. (Contains 1 figure.)

The purpose of this article is to explore the paradoxes of 'universal knowledge' in public administration that claims cross-cultural relevance and validity, while remains highly parochial (non-universal) in terms of representing mostly the Western administrative traditions imposed and imitated worldwide. It re-examines African and Asian public administration knowledge to explain how the borrowed Western knowledge de-indigenized local administrative traditions, and how it continued to remain exclusive in terms of severe underrepresentation of African and Asian scholars and institutions in the processes of knowledge production, utilization and ownership. The article critically reviews existing literature to evaluate publications (books, articles and reports) on the origins, theories and practical models of public administration in Africa and Asia. It concludes that what is often presented as universal knowledge in the field is actually based on its inherent Eurocentric parochialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the under-representation of Asian researchers in academic research journals. The author cites his exploratory study with several journals including "Studies in Higher Education" (SiHE), "Higher Education Quarterly" (HEQ), and "Higher Education" (HE). He says that variations in country representations can be attributed to various factors including sample selection, skilled researchers, and government and institutional research priorities.

Purpose: The paper examines the effect of bank-specific, financial structure and macroeconomic factors on the profitability of banks in Asian economies during 1995–2017. Design/methodology/approach: It uses the data of 2,446 banks across 47 Asian countries between 1995 and 2017 (41,582 year observations). The static and dynamic panel generalized methods of moments (GMM) estimation techniques are applied. Findings: The results show that banks that are highly dependent on nontraditional activities have lower net interest revenue and net interest margin but higher return on assets, return on equity and profit before tax. Higher opportunity cost, capitalization, demand deposits and market risk result in a better bank profits. Furthermore, banks with higher loan exposure and growth have more profit. However, nonperforming loans have negative and significant impact on bank profitability. Asian banks do not suffer from diseconomies of scale and scope. The author also finds that banks located in countries with high gross domestic product, inflation rates and high rates of interest or in financially developed economies offer better profits. High credit to the private sector reduces the bank profitability. This study finds evidence to support the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) hypothesis. It also provides evidence that the impact of financial turmoil on the profitability of the Asian banking sector is negative and significant and has severely weakened the Asian banking system. Originality/value: As Asia has become an important economic area and the Asian topic has not earned enough discussions, this paper is the first to examine Asian banks with the latest and a wider range of panel data that cover 2,446 banks at 47 Asian countries over the period 1995–2017. The present study is among the first to address the influence of financial turmoil on bank profitability in this region. It also studies new variables, such as demand deposits, opportunity cost and off-balance sheet activities, which have not been examined in relation to bank profitability. It also applies both static techniques and dynamic panel estimation techniques to analyze the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender parity at conferences can facilitate progress in academia towards the attainment of gender equality as emphasized in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The Philippines is a low to middle-income country in the Asia Pacific with relatively egalitarian gender norms experiencing significant growth in rheumatology. We examined the Philippines as a case study to analyze the impact of divergent gender norms on gender equity in rheumatology conference participation. We used publicly available data from PRA conference materials from 2009 to 2021. Gender was identified from information provided by organizers, online science directory networks, and a name-to-gender inference platform, the Gender application program interface (API). International speakers were identified separately. The results were then compared to other rheumatology conferences around the world. The PRA had 47% female faculty. Women were more likely to be the first authors in abstracts at the PRA (68%). There were more females among new inductees in PRA with the male: female ratio (M:F) of 1:3. The gender gap among new members declined from 5:1 to 2.7:1 from 2010 to 2015. However, low female representation was observed among international faculty (16%). Gender parity at the PRA was found to be considerably better when compared to other rheumatology conferences in the USA, Mexico, India, and Europe. However, a wide gender gap persisted among international speakers. Cultural and social constructs may potentially contribute to gender equity in academic conferences. Further research is recommended to assess the impact of gender norms on gender parity in academia in other Asia-Pacific countries., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Copyright of Tourism Geographies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Centaurea benedicta L. is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia and is commonly known as blessed thistle, holy thistle, St Benedict’s thistle or spotted thistle. Traditionally, it has been used to treat bubonic plague and possesses diuretic, galactagogue, liver-strengthening and wound healing properties. Recent research studies have investigated its anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and other therapeutic properties. Several studies have also reported its antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial pathogens. However, most of these studies were preliminary and only tested relatively high concentrations of the extracts. Additionally, most studies screened a limited number of pathogens. Cnicin is the main chemical compound present in C. benedicta and it has been widely investigated. However, few other compounds from this plant have been identified and/or investigated, and further phytochemical studies are warranted. Interestingly, pure cnicin has good anticancer activity, whilst the crude extracts lack cytotoxic properties. Phytochemical analyses of C. benedicta extracts reveal the presence of multiple flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and lactones, although few specific phytochemicals within these phytochemical classes have been identified. A limited number of research studies have determined the toxicity profile of C. benedicta in order to evaluate its safety for human use. Substantially more detailed studies are required to rigorously investigate the therapeutic properties and phytochemistry of C. benedicta, which may ultimately lead to the development of new plant-based therapeutic medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodiola species, belonging to the family Crassulaceae, have long been used as an adaptogen, tonic, antidepressant, and antistress medicine or functional food in Asia and Europe. Due to the valuable application, the growing demand of Rhodiola species has led to a rapid decrease in resource content. This review aims to summarize the integrated research progress of seven mainstream Rhodiola species. We first outline both traditional and current use of Rhodiola for the treatment of various diseases. A detailed summary and comparison of chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various Rhodiola species highlight recent scientific advances and gaps, which gives insights into the understanding of Rhodiola application and would be helpful to improve the situation of biological resources and diversities of Rhodiola plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management scholarly communities have recently emerged in Asia and Africa. What are the antecedents behind their rise? What are the processes that facilitate their acceptance by internal and external stakeholders? Drawing on the sociology of science literature, this article develops a model behind the emergence of management scholarly communities underpinned by antecedents and processes. We identify relative deprivation, motivation to excel, and availability of role models as three key antecedents, and differentiation, mobilization, and legitimation as three key processes. We offer propositions based on in-depth analysis of three management scholarly communities in Asia (Asia Academy of Management [AAOM], India Academy of Management [INDAM], and International Association for Chinese Management Research [IACMR]) and one in Africa (Africa Academy of Management [AFAM]). For the first time in the literature, we have compared and contrasted the emergence of management scholarly communities in Asia and Africa, culminating in a model that may be generalizable to other aspiring scholars endeavoring to expand such communities in other parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliance on convenience samples for psychological experiments has led to the oversampling of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) populations (Henrich et al. 2010a). Our analysis of academic articles from six leading psychology journals revealed a significantly lower but still very high percentage of studies from European and English-speaking nations (92%), compared to a decade ago (95%), largely due to more studies from Asia (6%). Further analysis of four cognitive science of religion (CSR) journals showed how a more representative field is possible (67% from the Western and Other region), with proportionately more studies in Latin America (4%) and Africa (7%) than psychology (<1% each). Thanks to its interdisciplinary nature, CSR is in a good position to address "WEIRD" problems and may be able to offer psychology methodological and epistemological tools that involve diversifying sample populations, increasing ecological validity, capturing the causes and consequences of cultural variation, and developing novel methodologies. Despite the challenges, we encourage more researchers to embrace the lessons offered by CSR's history of global and interdisciplinary research. Where WEIRD identifies the populations we need to stop privileging, conducting work that is not just Worldwide, but also In Situ, Local, and Diverse (WILD) is what researchers themselves can aspire to. Just as nineteenth century "armchair anthropologists" were replaced by generations of ethnographers who went out into the real world to study human variation, so modern day psychologists need to conduct experiments outside the lab with suitably heterogeneous populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Asia’s experiences with social protection policies and their efficacy in addressing poverty and inequality. While the relatively high efficacy of the comprehensive welfare states of high-income countries has been widely documented, the experience of low- and middle-income countries may vary given the limited redistributive capacity of their social transfer. Data on 33 Asian countries covering 1990–2012 suggest that the limited and evolving composition and coverage of social protection policies vary significantly across countries and regions. Various panel data regressions estimated here yield significant roles of social protection policies in reducing inequality and especially poverty and extreme poverty even after controlling for the roles of gross domestic product (GDP) and other political economy, regional, and population characteristics. This analysis finds that the efficacy of evolving social protection policies from Asian countries does not vary significantly from those of more established welfare states. Whereas the aggregate level data on public social transfer expenditures are far from perfect and do not detail the qualitative variations in policy design and implementation, findings from this analysis help fill the void in literature to understand the degree to which low- and middle-income countries may count on social protection policies to address persistent poverty and growing inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with how urban and remote Malay women communicate with the images of global modernity mediated through Asian soap operas. Asian soap operas have been identified as a popular platform for Malay women to engage with modernity in contemporary Malaysia. While promoting it at first, as appropriate television programme, this television genre has created some discomfort amongst the Malaysian authorities due to excessive representation of foreign images such as consumer culture and middle-class lifestyle. They believe the excessive of these representations might compromise the cultural values and identity of Malay women. However, we want to argue that Malay women are critical viewers who are able to communicate and negotiate global modernity without necessarily ignoring their identity. Importantly, as an adult and matured audience, they perform specific watching competencies with which to engage the depiction of various issues of modernities in the Asian soap operas. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

SUMMARY In most Asian countries, the domain of public administration continues to bear the legacy of colonial rule and postcolonial modernization led by Western nations. It remains crucial to highlight this exogenous formation of administrative systems in this age of globalized New Public Management. Such imposed or borrowed Western models of administrative practices have often been ineffective because of their incompatibility with the indigenous Asian contexts, and they led to the worsening society-administration gaps and pathological outcomes. Beyond the continuing Western (especially American) intellectual hegemony in the field's knowledge-building, the prominent Asian scholars themselves have been educated mostly in foreign universities and institutions, which is not conducive to the construction of indigenous administrative knowledge based on an Asian perspective. In this context, it is imperative to explore the displacement of pre-colonial administrative traditions by colonial and postcolonial interventions, to examine how the contemporary administrative systems in Asia are based on exogenous models, and to assess the feasibility of constructing an overarching intellectual perspective that could be claimed as Asian public administration. This article attempts to explore these intellectual concerns with specific reference to selected cases in East, South, and Southeast Asia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Austroasiatic phylum spans South and Southeast Asia, with more than 150 languages over at least a dozen branches. Comparative-historical work on Austroasiatic has been done for over a century, yet it has proceeded only in fits and starts, such that today we are still not sure how the branches fit together as a family. In this review, the history of efforts to understand the classification of Austroasiatic is examined, and the features that distinguish each of the constituent branches are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which calls over the past 15 years for increased empirical research on educational leadership and management in Asia have yielded increased knowledge production. The study analyses trends in research about and/or from Asia published in eight core educational leadership journals between 2000 and 2011. We provide an overall picture of the volume and impact of knowledge production in the region, as well as insights into change in the rate of knowledge production from the region over time. The study employs a comparative lens, specifically analysing differences in knowledge production capacity and impact across West, South and East Asia. These comparative analyses extend further to understanding variations in the contributions of different societies and universities across Asia. Although the research identified a disappointing level of overall publication in the region, interesting patterns were revealed with respect to the distribution of publications both across and within the three regions of Asia. Taken together the results suggest that progress in developing an ‘Asian knowledge base’ in this field remains stunted, and that regional capacity to produce empirical knowledge continues to be limited to selected societies and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asia-Pacific region is known for examples of public managers taking initiative for addressing large challenges and opportunities, but recent concerns are that public leadership is greatly reduced in the new democratic and media-conscious era. Comparative data from South Korea, Mainland China, Taiwan, Malaysia, the United States, India, Brazil, and Chile show that perceptions of strong public executive leadership in Asia-Pacific are similar to those in the United States (respectively 40% and 35%). Perceived leadership is greater in stable, one-party regimes (Malaysia, Mainland China), than in those that have party turnover (Taiwan, South Korea). This article also argues that HRM factors affect the calculus of leaders’ initiative-taking, and finds that in both the East and West public executive leadership is associated with HR factors affecting recruitment, selection, compensation, appraisal, rewards, and satisfaction with civil service systems. This article calls for further research and strategic HRM actions that strengthen public executive leadership in democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We explore macro-level factors that shape perceptions of the ethicality of favors in Asian workplaces using the subordinate influence ethics (SIE) measure. We also expand and use the crossvergence model to examine the cross-level relationship between socio-cultural (i.e., traditional/secular; survival/self-expression; in-group favoritism) and business ideology influences (i.e., human development level, control of corruption) on perceptions of favor-seeking at work. This study examines the perceptions of a total of 4,325 managers and professionals in a diverse set of 11 Asian societies: China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Our investigation focuses on both the 'softer' (image management) and 'harder' (self-serving) sides of subordinate influence attempts to seek favors, as well as the degree of ethical differentiation across these societies. Key results based on hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) suggest that both the World Value Survey's socio-cultural values as well as in-group favoritism contribute to our understanding of influence behaviors in Asia. Likewise, level of human development and control of corruption also appear to be promising predictors of influence ethics. In sum, our results suggest that widening the scope of the crossvergence conceptualization of socio-cultural and business ideology influences engender a better understanding of differences in attitudes toward subordinate use of favoritism across Asian societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisation climate plays an important role for the innovation of an organisation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate connections between the innovation climate and individual and organisational level factors. Surveys were conducted among Japanese, Chinese, Estonian, Czech and Slovakian enterprises. Linear regression analysis was conducted. The results of an empirical study show that the innovation climate predicts differently some individual and organisational level factors in studied countries. Two innovation climate facets – commitment and freedom predict individual level factors– attitude toward the firm in all 5 countries. In two studied Asian countries, Japan and China, commitment predicts meaning of work and job satisfaction whereas in all three new European Union member states some links between facets of the innovation climate and individual meaning of work and job satisfaction were missing. Although individual job satisfaction and meaning of work in is still shaped by to some extent different mechanisms in studied countries, implications of the innovative climate for organisation are more similar, at least in industries that are influenced by rapid technological development and globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epilogue is presented in which the author discusses various article within the issue on topics including Asian sports and culture.

This article examines how Orientalist frameworks appear in films dealing with the role of Australia in the Asia-Pacific region in the late twentieth century. We argue that the nation's nervousness about the new power of the Asian region at the end of the millennium, is reflected in a number of films such as The Year of Living Dangerously (Weir, McElroy and McElroy, MGM 1982), Far East (Duigan, Alfred Road Filmns, Sydney 1982) and Turtle Beach (Wallace, Regency International Pictures, 1992). These films present Asia as a dangerous place from which the main protagonists must ultimnately flee, returning to the safe haven of either a substantially white Australia or the motherland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fan Hong (2000) contends that while globalisation has provided the basis for the change and progress of Asia, its impact on Asian sport is contentious, particularly regarding the integrity of Asian culture. Using Elias's notion of sportisation, thisarticle examines the impact of Asia upon the development of sport. In this analysis the development of sport in Asia is charted through the three fundamental phases of globalisation: imperialism, nationalism and consumerism. The latter being characterised by the growing impact of three domains of the Asian sports industry: the commodities (Asian performers and the staging of performances); the Asian ‘market’; and Asian ‘money’. This analysis proposes thenotion of an emerging Asian hegemony in global sport with not only the economic power shifting away from its Euro-American epicentre, but also its institution, specifically its heritage and ethos, all being confronted by the pull of the geopolitical power that is consolidating in, and with, Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we respond to calls for an institution-based perspective on strategy. With its emphasis upon mimetic, coercive, and normative isomorphism, institutional theory has earned a deterministic reputation and seems an unlikely foundation on which to construct a theory of strategy. However, a second movement in institutional theory is emerging that gives greater emphasis to creativity and agency. We develop this approach by highlighting co-evolutionary processes that are shaping the varieties of capitalism (VoC) in Asia. To do so, we examine the extent to which the VoC model can be fruitfully applied in the Asian context. In the spirit of the second movement of institutional theory, we describe three processes in which firm strategy collectively and intentionally feeds back to shape institutions: (1) filling institutional voids, (2) retarding institutional innovation, and (3) deploying institutional escape. We outline the key contributions contained in the articles of this Special Issue and discuss a research agenda generated by the VoC perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Over 50 percent of the disasters occur in Asia and in the past five year disasters in the region have killed around half million people. Most of these deaths could have been prevented if reliable and effective early warning systems were in place. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of the emerging mobile technology for disaster risk reduction. Design/methodology/approach - LiRNEasia field tested five wireless technologies, including mobile phones, in 32 tsunami affected villages in Sri Lanka; where members in the village were provided training with emergency response planning and given one or more of the technologies for receiving hazard information. Further lessons were learned by sharing knowledge, through a consultation process, on early warning systems with stakeholders in India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Findings - The evaluation process concluded mobile phones as the reliable, effective, and affordable solutions for alerting last-mile communities. Disaster risk reduction can be improved using mobile application and leverage the explosive diffusion of the technology even among the poor in developing countries. Practical implications - Coordination within government, including communication to first responders responsible for evacuation and localized warnings, and communication to mass media who serve a critical function in public warning, can be achieved through the use of an SMS engine supplemented as necessary by an informative and robust website. Cell broadcasting can serve as an extremely useful addition to the conventional public warning methods, especially in countries with significant mobile penetration. Originality/value - The paper is intended for governments, researchers and practitioners working in the field of emergency communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Music Education is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In both its focus and conception, much of the research on tourism remains Anglo-Western centric. The ongoing growth of Non-Western forms of travel, most notably in Asia, renders this situation unsustainable. Our understandings of 'the tourist', 'the modern tourism industry' and the conceptual paraphernalia, which surrounds these two, are all firmly rooted in the empirical histories of Western Europe and North America. English language scholarship on tourism rarely rips up these 'Western' roots to interpret 'Non-Western' practices and industries. This paper focuses on the ongoing rise of Asian tourism to argue that in its current form the field of tourism studies is institutionally and intellectually ill equipped to understand and interpret the new era we are now entering. Accordingly, it is suggested that the core-periphery dynamics which characterizes the field today should give way to cultural and political pluralism. The rapid growth in Asian tourism provides ample evidence for this position. This paper concludes by considering the future development of tourism studies in Asia. It is argued that the cultivation of critical scholarship within the region itself will not only help overcome the field's Anglo-Western centrism, but also help us better comprehend the profound societal changes now occurring through Asian mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, essentially since the Asian crisis of 1997-98, the economic integration of Northeast Asia has been marked by three overarching trends. Economic relations have become: 1) more institutionalized; 2) more "Asian;" and 3) more China-centric. These macro-trends are demonstrated and analyzed in the paper. But by way of anticipation, numerous counter-cutting facts need also to be kept in mind. In essence, recent trends, notable as they are, have by no means reversed three counter-realities: 1) economic ties are still largely driven, less by governments and formal arrangements, than by corporations in search of profits and production efficiencies; 2) despite growing economic interdependence across Northeast Asia and between that sub-region and Southeast Asia, Japan, China and South Korea remain heavily linked to global, and particularly US, markets; and 3) though China is an ever important hub in Northeast Asian trade and investment, Japan remains by far the most powerful economic player in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most academic experts within the International Relations (IR) community and other, more specialized disciplines, failed to predict or warn government policymakers and the public of the possibility that events of 9/11 magnitude could take place on the U.S. homeland. Given that long-term investigation of trends in world affairs is one of the sources that has always informed policy analysis, this represents an interesting question to examine. The analysis contained in this assessment suggests that the ontological, methodological, and conceptual problems within and between the disciplines, combined with a skewed absorption with the prospect of developments in Asia, created a gap in the knowledge about Islamic terrorism and groups like Al Qaeda, which in turn caught most of the academic community unaware on 9/11. This article performs a quantitative study to determine the nature and scope of this apparent analytical failure on the part of academics in IR and other specialized disciplines to predict 9/11 and aims to address why this failure took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the literature on network strategies and institutional transitions in emerging economies in Asia by identifying a realistic, intermediate phase between the early and late phases of institutional transitions suggested by Peng (2003). Focusing on the intermediate phase, we advance two arguments based on network strength and network content. First, in terms of network strength, we leverage earlier insights that networks can be classified as strong ties and weak ties. Consequently, we suggest that as institutional transitions unfold, strong-tie-based networks, instead of being phased out, are being transformed into weak-ties-based networks. Second, from a network content standpoint, we argue that the various scale and scope of institutional transitions shape the content of different networks which focus on business-to-government (B2G) ties and business-to-business (B2B) relationships. Our propositions delineate how different transitions of political and legal institutions affect the evolution of B2G and 82B networks. Overall, we suggest that networks not only differ in strength but also in content, and that their evolution is driven by the impact of different dimensions of institutional transitions governing B2G and B2B relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries have introduced evaluations of university research, reflecting global demands for greater accountability. This paper compares methods of evaluation used across twelve countries in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. On the basis of this comparison, and focusing in particular on Britain, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of performance-based funding in comparison with other approaches to funding. Our analysis suggests that, while initial benefits may outweigh the costs, over time such a system seems to produce diminishing returns. This raises important questions about its continued use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offers three possible explanations for the Asian economic crisis. Liquidity-crunch explanation; Overcapacity explanation; End-of-the-Cold-War-in-East-Asia explanation; Validity of the Asian economic model; Inadequacy of `crony capitalism' explanation; Clash of capitalisms in the region.

The article discusses the results of a poll made by the journal "Nature" on what and how metrics are used in academic institutions. It says that 150 readers responded to the survey and provosts, department heads, and other administrators were also surveyed at nearly 30 research institutions throughout the world. It states that three-quarters of the researchers surveyed said that metrics are used in promotion and hiring decisions, and about 70% mentioned that metrics are applied in performance review and tenure decisions. Moreover, most administrators asserted that they ignore the metrics in promotion, hiring, and tenure decisions. It discusses how metrics are used in North America, Europe, and Asia.

The article presents an update on the Society for Gynecologic Investigation as of April 2007. The Society will be conducting its first annual meeting outside of North America in 2009. Doctor Felice Petraglia has agreed to be the associate editor for Europe. Doctor Lois Salamonsen has accepted the position to be the associate editor for the Asia/Pacific region. Also noted is the improvement and expansion of the journal "Reproductive Sciences."

Announces the outcome of the Great Britain stem cell research mission on Asian countries. Observation on the resistance of pursuing experimental therapies in China; Obstacle to inspecting of informed-consent forms in South Korea; Impact of the Chinese government research regulation to future international collaboration.

Peer review is central to the scientific process and scientists' career advancement, but bias at various stages of the review process disadvantages some authors. Here we use peer review data from 312,740 biological sciences manuscripts across 31 studies to (1) examine evidence for differential peer review outcomes based on author demographics, (2) evaluate the efficacy of solutions to reduce bias and (3) describe the current landscape of peer review policies for 541 ecology and evolution journals. We found notably worse review outcomes (for example, lower overall acceptance rates) for authors whose institutional affiliations were in Asia, for authors whose country's primary language is not English and in countries with relatively low Human Development Indices. We found few data evaluating efficacy of interventions outside of reducing gender bias through double-blind review or diversifying reviewer/editorial boards. Despite evidence for review outcome gaps based on author demographics, few journals currently implement policies intended to mitigate bias (for example, 15.9% of journals practised double-blind review and 2.03% had reviewer guidelines that mentioned social justice issues). The lack of demographic equity signals an urgent need to better understand and implement evidence-based bias mitigation strategies., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Purpose: The editorship of medical journals is a leadership role that can affect recognition and career advancement. We determine the gender representation of the editorial boards of oculoplastic surgery journals in comparison to the proportion of women in oculoplastics societies., Methods: The gender composition of the American, European and Asia-Pacific societies of oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery and the editorial boards of their respective society journals were determined with online searches in March 2021. Statistical tests for the equality of proportions were performed., Results: Excluding 44 individuals with missing gender data, the three combined oculoplastics societies comprised 1,230 distinct members, with 29% women. The editorial review boards of the three official society publications comprised 59 medical editors, 22% of which were women. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of women editors versus women OPRS members ( p = .201) but the study is underpowered to detect a 7% difference. A sensitivity analysis with the missing data did not alter the conclusions. The mean h-index/m-quotient of the women editors was 20.50/0.87 and for the men 21.05/0.84, with no statistically significant difference ( p = .903/0.851)., Conclusion: Women are underrepresented on the editorial boards of oculoplastic journals. Possible methods to improve gender balance include multicriteria objective decision-making criteria for editor nominations, mentoring peer reviewers that are women, and appointing a journal editor for equity, diversity and inclusion.