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This study examines the risk of premature deindustrialization in latecomer developing countries in Asia, focusing on their manufacturing output ratio. Diverging from the literature that treats Asian economies as a group with comparative advantages in manufacturing, this empirical analysis adopts the latecomer index to demonstrate downward shifts in the latecomers' manufacturing–income relationship, implying a premature deindustrialization risk. Furthermore, it shows that the risk is higher for manufacturing trade-deficit countries (compared with trade-surplus countries) and for South Asian countries (compared with Southeast Asian countries). Therefore, Asian economies should improve their logistics performance for greater global value chain participation to avoid premature deindustrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frustration in Latin America with neoliberal economic reforms has reawakened a number of debates, especially about inequality (Palma, 2019a) and productivity growth --in 2018, the region's average productivity was just 8% higher than in 1980, equivalent to an annual average growth rate of just 0.2%--. Meanwhile, in the previous cycle, from 1950 to 1980, productivity levels more than doubled, with an annual growth rate of 2.8%. One of these debates is related to the problem of deindustrialization --in particular, the question of whether it is "premature" or if it includes a component of "Dutch disease"--. This paper analyses the role of manufacturing in economic growth, and shows the dynamics of that deindustrialization in high-income as well as middle-income countries. It concludes that the success of emerging Asia is rooted in its ideological pragmatism, which led it in the 1980s and early 1990s to use reforms as a mechanism for strengthening and accelerating their already ambitious processes of industrialization --not for carrying out a "non-creative destruction" of their manufacturing, as happened in almost all of Latin America--. This in spite of the fact that many of the industrialization processes in emerging Asia suffered, in its time, from similar problems to those experienced by Latin American industrialization, if not worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

De-industrialization has created new economic environments for Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. While structural changes in the labour market took place rather rapidly, accompanying institutional changes have been more gradual. While maintaining some core institutional arrangements, each country has adjusted to new labour market challenges and thereby created various labour market risks. In the period of de-industrialization, both South Korea and Japan experienced a sharp increase in the proportion of atypical workers, unlike the case of Taiwan. This study investigates how the institutional legacy of state corporatism matters in explaining how these three economies have differed in two respects: (a) a rapid increase in the proportion of atypical workers, and (b) the gendered characteristic of atypical employment—that is to say, a disproportionate concentration of women in atypical employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The causes presented in the literature of the middle-income trap are generic, emphasizing the quality of the legal institutions of the country, demographic problems, the lack of social infrastructure, poor macroeconomic policies, etc. were already present in developing countries when they were growing fast. Besides, the income interval used on the studies on the trap was too large. • Instead of promoting the growth, the liberalizing reforms, which were more radical in Latin America than in Asia, caused an increase in the interest rate and dismantled the mechanism that neutralized the Dutch disease – both facts leading to the chronic overvaluation of the exchange rate, which represented a competitive disadvantage of the companies utilizing the best technology available. • In the economic literature, it is well established that the currencies of the commodity-focused economies tend to be appreciated in the long run because they face the Dutch disease. On the other hand, central banks in the region tend to define a high interest rate around which they organize their monetary policy so as to attract foreign capital and "grow with external savings" – this representing a second major cause of overvaluation of the national currencies of Latin American countries. • The main conclusion of the research is that, in the period of 1980–2016, the Latin American countries didn't fall into middle-income but a liberalization trap; the reason why they have fallen into quasi-stagnation while Asian countries did not lie in the liberal reforms. Opening trade in countries that have the Dutch disease meant dismantling the pragmatic mechanisms that neutralized it; financial liberalization limited the ability of countries to control distorted flows of capital and created conditions for the increase in the interest rate. • The instrument to neutralize the Dutch disease on the domestic market side were import tariffs on manufactured goods. To the extent that they were just neutralizing the Dutch disease, they were not protectionist – they were just giving the local manufacturing industry equal conditions of competition with the companies of other countries. If the import tariffs on manufactured goods were higher than what was required to neutralize the Dutch disease, they would be also protectionist. This paper offers an alternative explanation to the slow-down observed in the growth of developing countries. Instead of a middle-income trap what happened was a liberalization trap. Growth didn't happen because countries turned middle-income, but happened in a given period, around the 1980s, when these countries faced a serious foreign debt crisis and were constrained to open their economies. The studies on the middle-income trap have adopted a broad income interval and were unable to offer new historical facts that explained why these countries stop growing fast. Differently, this paper shows that the trade liberalization and the financial liberalization that started in the 1980s involved the dismantling of the mechanism that neutralized the Dutch disease and the change from low to high interest rates – both facts leading to a long-term or chronic overvaluation of the exchange rate that made the manufacturing industry non-competitive and caused deindustrialization and low growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers how and why an Asian enclave of small businesses has appeared in a poor neighborhood characterized by Puerto Rican and other Latino immigration in the post-industrial city of Worcester, Massachusetts. We begin by examining the role of the US in the world system, and argue that the US hegemonic role and specific political economic aspects of global capitalism (ie. deindustrialization) account for some of the migration stream. Next, using socioeconomic and historical data, interviews, and observations, we outline the history of Worcester's economy and immigration patterns. We demonstrate that the increasing economic inequality leaves few promising employment options for newcomers to Worcester. Drawing on existing literature on immigrant entrepreneurs and ethnic enclaves, we argue that some aspects of the literature appear to shed light on the Vietnamese enterprises which have so visibly appeared (e.g., ethnic niches), while others, (e.g., middle-man minority theory) are not now reflected in local conflict. We conclude by considering the prospects for immigrants to this neighborhood in light of its political economic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to explore the asymmetric impact of financial globalisation on renewable CO2 emissions for selected Asian economies for a time span from 1990 to 2019. A sample of 35 economies is selected on the basis of the availability of data. To get the estimates of the variables, the analysis has applied FMOLS and DOLS estimation methods. The linear estimate of financial globalisation in the FMOLS model is negative and significant but positive and insignificant in the DOLS model. The estimates attached to positive financial globalisation are negatively significant in both FMOLS and DOLS models, implying that an increase in financial globalisation causes the environmental quality to improve. Similarly, the estimates attached to negative financial globalisation in both FMOLS and DOLS are negative and suggest that a fall in financial globalisation causes the environmental quality to deteriorate. The magnitudes of positive and negative changes are different; hence, they have a significantly different impact on environmental quality. The robust results clearly indicate that the effects of financial globalisation on CO2 emissions are asymmetric. Therefore, the policymakers should focus on positive as well as negative changes in financial globalisation while considering the impact of financial globalisation on CO2 emissions in Asian regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logistics performance is considered an important determinant of supply chain performance that results in carbon neutrality. The main aim of this study is to investigate the influence of logistics performance and green innovation on carbon emissions for selected Asian economies over the period 2007–2020. The 2SLS approach has been employed for empirical tasks, and the robustness of results has been confirmed through the GMM approach. The results indicate that logistics performance significantly reduces carbon emissions. Besides the logistics performance index, five other indicators of logistics performance have been used in the analysis. These indicators include quality of logistics services, tracking and tracing capability, logistics infrastructure quality, cargo transportation timelines, and customs clearance efficiency. All these indicators are negatively correlated with carbon emissions. The results further indicate that green innovation leads to a significant reduction in carbon emissions. Thus, our results emphasize the priorities of green innovation, logistics performance, and environmental sustainability in Asian economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This collection on 'Open Innovation and Catch-Up: Globalist or Localist?' is introduced with an appreciation of three key transitions for spatial development today, viewed through seven comparative case analyses from Asia, the US and Europe. 'Institutional path dependence' is the first issue. The second has been 'hyperglobalization' now under moderate challenge from 'de-globalization'. Third, is the process of 'open innovation' that accompanied the 'globalist' turn, nowadays a slur of extreme populists. A 'pattern recognition' exercise follows to discern types of path dependence, agency ('dark' and 'lighter') and institutional co-evolution, then the Theme Issue contributions are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the role of trade openness in the economic reallocation from the agriculture to the manufacturing sector in 34 sub‐Saharan African countries between 1970 and 2016. The results show that the long‐term evolution of trade openness negatively impacts the long‐run and the short‐run dynamics of structural change. Moreover, this impact goes through aggregate exports not aggregate imports. By breaking down global exports, we find that commodities exports have a negative impact while manufacturing exports positively impact structural change. These results are explained by the fact that, contrary to Asian countries, African countries have failed to put trade at the service of industrialisation by following the logic of comparative advantage. More precisely, they have failed to invest the revenues from commodities exports to improve the quality of infrastructure in order to remove the constraints on the economic relocation to labour‐intensive manufacturing activities. Unlike previous studies, we address the endogeneity problem by using a dynamic ordinary least squares method after a pooled mean group method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main motivation behind this study is the importance of tourism and ICT industry in the economic development of a country and their potential effects on the country's environmental quality in the digital era. For empirical analysis, the study applies FMOLS, DOLS, and quantile regression techniques for Asian economies. The findings of the study confirmed that tourism and digitalization improve environmental quality in FMOLS and DOLS models. In the basic quantile regression model, the estimates attached to tourism arrival are positive 5th quantile to 40th quantile and then turn negative from 60th quantile and onwards. Likewise, the estimates attached to tourism receipts in the robust quantile regression model are positive from quantile 5th to quantile 20th and negative and increasing from quantile 30th and onwards. Conversely, the estimates of digital infrastructure are insignificant in the basic quantile model at all quantiles except the 95th. However, the estimated coefficients of digital infrastructure in the robust model are negative and rising from 40th quantile to 70th quantile and negative and declining from 80th quantile to 95th quantile. In general, we can say that as the tourism and digital sectors grow, the CO2 emissions decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article empirically investigates the effect of structural transformation on wage inequality in Asia, using industry-level data for three skill groups of workers. While structural transformation, associated with technological progress, productivity catching-up, and capital deepening, has contributed to Asia's sustained growth, its effect on income inequality remains uncertain. Our results show that the process of economic transformation has exacerbated inequality in the region by increasing the relative share of high-skilled workers in total compensation. This is mainly due to a shift toward more productive--and more intensive in the use of skilled labor--activities both within and between industries. However, we also find that policy responses, especially investments in education, mitigate the increase in inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new commercial globalization changed the map of the global industry. Today's world is different from yesterday. North does not dominate South in the same way. In the South there are large heterogeneities between developing countries, the emerging Asian and Latin American countries, etc. Some countries in the South have come to impose their own rules. However, not all emerging economies in the South have the same capacity prevail, as Latin America. Some Asian countries benefit temporarily from high growth, but experience a process of deindustrialization that weakens them. Some theories and analytical tools have become outdated or inaccurate, such as the center-periphery approach. Countries that yesterday belonged to the periphery have acquired characteristics of the old center and even exercise control over developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural change is important in the overall development process. This paper seeks to examine how productivity growth in agriculture influences this process. In particular, technology in agriculture is divided into two types: labour using, land saving (biochemical) and labour saving, land using (mechanical). Some have argued that only labour saving (mechanical) technology promotes the shift of labour into manufacturing, not labour using (biochemical) technology. However, estimations utilizing data from 10 Asian nations indicate that both types of technologies promote structural change. Thus, investments in such technologies will promote structural change. Additional results indicate that labour productivity growth in services is complementary to structural change. In addition, openness to trade and foreign direct investment and diversification away from natural resource abundance as well as avoiding exchange rate overvaluation also promote structural change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact is the stock market has an asymmetric effect on macroeconomic variables. In this study, we examine the nonlinear stock market reaction to the environment. This is the first study that considers the possibility of asymmetric effects of stock market on environmental pollution in Asia. This study considers the experiences of Asia economies by using the panel NARDL methodology over the data period from 1995 to 2019. The long-run panel NARDL results showed that the positive change in stock market increases carbon emissions. In adverse, the negative change in stock market significantly mitigates the carbon emissions in Asia. The short-run stock market asymmetric effects continued into the long-run asymmetric effects on the environment in Asia. Thus, policymakers and authorities should initiate to promote green financial activities in Asian stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper seeks to analyze the remarkable pace of industrialization in Asia during the past half century, even if its distribution was most unequal between countries, with a focus on selected countries described as the Asian-14. It argues that economic openness, while necessary was not sufficient. It was conducive to industrialization only when combined with sensible industrial policy that was implemented by effective governments. There was, of course, an enormous diversity in the nature of openness and the process of industrialization across countries. Yet, there were discernible patterns in the different paths to industrialization, pointing to determinants of success and factors underlying failure. The analysis highlights the importance of technological capabilities, learning and innovation, which were essential for the few countries that joined the league of industrialized nations. It concludes that this will be just as necessary for countries that follow in their footsteps or aspire to sustain their industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the Washington Consensus, its origins, and its insights in terms of subsequent development experience in a broad range of countries. I continue to find that when properly interpreted as a guide to the formulation of country-specific development strategies, the Washington Consensus has withstood the test of time quite well. In my view, subsequent experience, especially in Asia, reveals a number of places where a shift in emphasis would be warranted. Finally, I try to identify some misuses of the Washington Consensus and suggest that it was vulnerable to misuse due to the absence of an accompanying and explicit development model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we carry out a qualitative exploration of some factors that can explain the poor economic performance of Latin America in relation to another set of developing and successful countries comprised of twelve Asian countries. We study the relation between inequality, the savings rate, and the economic growth rate for each region. The evidence indicates that Latin America has a poorer economic performance, which in turn is associated with the lower savings rate and more elevated levels of inequality in comparison with the Asian economies. One possible explanation is that together with lower income inequality and the aggregate savings rates, the labor force in Asia is more abundant than in Latin America. These combined factors are favorable for the lowering of internal socioeconomic instability and the adoption of an export-led growth strategy for insertion in the world economy. This export-led growth strategy promotes economies of scale, and thus offers greater possibilities of profitable investment, which in turn induces higher rates of savings and increased economic growth. In contrast, Latin America is lacking a clear comparative advantage in terms of resource endowment. In particular, the labor force is not abundant, so that its insertion in the world market is more limited. Besides, the social and economic instability associated with the region’s high-income inequality is harmful to savings and investment, as well as for the economic growth of the region. Thus, in order to dynamize savings and investments, economic policy requires fiscal policies oriented to the mitigation of income inequality and the promotion of counter-cyclical policies to reduce social and economic instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We modify the concept of the middle-income trap (MIT) against the background of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the (future) challenges of automation (creating the concept of the "MIT 2.0") and discuss the implications for developing Asia. In particular, we analyze the impacts of automation, artificial intelligence, and digitalization on the growth drivers of emerging market economies and the MIT mechanism. Our findings suggest that improving human capital accumulation, particularly the upgrading of skills needed with the rapid advance of automation, will be key success factors for overcoming the MIT 2.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialisation is a significant part of any country's economic development. This study discusses the relationship between industrialisation and carbon dioxide emissions for Asian economies. The industrialisation has a major impact on carbon emissions, but its relationship with the environment differs in various regions of Asia. The empirical results are obtained by models of panel regression, which divide a balanced panel dataset of 46 countries into five groups depending on their subregions over the period 1991–2017. The tests of panel cointegration estimation found a majority of the cointegrated variables and verified the long‐run relationship between the variables. The long‐run coefficients are estimated using a fully modified ordinary least‐squares (FMOLS) method, and results conclude that industrialisation has a positive impact on the carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. These findings reveal that various industrialisation development strategies should be pursued in a bid to reduce emissions, depending on the levels of economic growth. Based on the findings, some policy suggestions are proposed for Asian economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have long debated whether economic globalization increases citizen support for welfare policies to compensate for or insure against the new economic risks. The vast majority of what we know about such issues is gleaned from study of Western polities. We know little of such dynamics in Asia, the continent harboring much of the world's population and having experienced the most extensive development in economic globalization. This article remedies such silence by focusing on public opinion in Asian countries to substantially rethink whether and under what conditions globalization exposure generates support for welfare spending. We argue that two such conditions are crucial: (a) levels of economic development influencing who wins and loses under globalization and (b) existing institutions for social protection that influence whether globalization's losers look to public forms of compensation. We find support for our rethinking of embedded liberalism using five rounds of the Asiabarometer survey covering 28 Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the middle-income trap literature where contexts of time and location matter, the articles in this special section adopt a 'political economy of development' approach to the problem of the middle-income trap. The papers employ different analytical approaches and have different entry points into unpacking the complex economic, social, and technical processes that advance productive capabilities. But they share a common set of assumptions undergirding a political economy approach and come to a common understanding that advances the middle-income trap discussion: (1) the development of domestic productive capabilities is critical for upgrading and developing broad-based innovation that may translate into higher productivity growth; (2) the interaction of international with domestic factors changes over time and may exacerbate domestic innovation challenges; and (3) the nature of the inter-workings between the government and actors in the private sector is crucial for understanding the advancement of innovation capabilities or lack thereof. All the papers point to the importance of a systemic and long-term approach to building productive capabilities and the need for strong state action to advance these capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is argued in this paper that agriculture plays a here-to-for unrecognized role in the process of structural change. In very poor countries agriculture is the key sector in the economy and agricultural prices greatly influence the overall price level in such an economy. It is hypothesized that if agricultural productivity grows faster than manufacturing productivity this will, under certain conditions, cause the price of the former to fall relative to the latter which in turn implies that the overall price level in the economy should fall, ceteris paribus. This results in a fall in the real effective exchange rate, ceteris paribus. This decline increases the competitiveness of producing tradable goods, in particular manufactured goods. Thus the process of structural change (shifting employment and resources out of agriculture) becomes easier. These hypotheses are empirically analyzed utilizing a data set for twelve Asian countries for an extended time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India fell behind during colonial rule. The absolute and relative decline of Indian GDP per capita with respect to Britain began before colonization and coincided with the rise of the textile trade with Europe. However, the fortunes of the traditional textile industry cannot explain the decline in the eighteenth century and stagnation in the nineteenth century as India integrated into the global economy of the British Empire. Inadequate investment in agriculture and consequent decline in yield per acre stalled economic growth. Modern industries emerged and grew relatively fast. The reversal began after independence. Policies of industrialization and a green revolution in agriculture increased productivity in agriculture and industry. However, India's growth in the closing decades of the twentieth century has been led by services. A concentration of human capital in the service sector has origins in colonial policy. Expenditure on education prioritized higher education, creating an advantage for the service sector. At the same time, the slow expansion of primary education lowered the accumulation of human capital and put India at a disadvantage in comparison with the fast‐growing economies of East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to demonstrate the impact of coal enterprises’ vertical integration on the performance of innovation corporate social responsibility (ICSR) and to elaborate its specific transmission path through financing structure and market power. This paper takes the data of A-share listed coal company from 2008 to 2017 as samples, uses input-output table method to measure the degree of vertical integration, and explores the relationship between the four factors through multiple linear regression and Bootstrap method. We found that: (1) the vertical integration of coal enterprises has positive incentives for the promotion of ICSR. (2) Financing structure and market power play a chain intermediary role in this process of incentive. (3) In areas with high marketization process, vertical integration has more significant incentive effect on ICSR. The paper extends the research on the relationship between vertical integration and innovation, which provides a reference for the improvement of China’s supply-side reform and corporate social responsibility (CSR) fulfillment policy. It is helpful to promote the sustainable development of the coal industry, stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises, and improve the fulfillment of CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A new economic geography model is used to assess the impacts of trading arrangements on the industrial development of a small economy with footloose entrepreneur movement toward China. With three regions-the small economy, the large economy (China), and the global market-the simulation results show that, to maintain itself as an industrial core, the small economy should pursue a decentralizing trade arrangement, either by significantly lowering its trade costs with the global market, or by serving as a trading hub. Without reducing the small economy's trade costs with a third region, the trade liberalization between the small and the large economy will cause the core-periphery effect, even if labor costs rise in the large economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Asia’s experiences with social protection policies and their efficacy in addressing poverty and inequality. While the relatively high efficacy of the comprehensive welfare states of high-income countries has been widely documented, the experience of low- and middle-income countries may vary given the limited redistributive capacity of their social transfer. Data on 33 Asian countries covering 1990–2012 suggest that the limited and evolving composition and coverage of social protection policies vary significantly across countries and regions. Various panel data regressions estimated here yield significant roles of social protection policies in reducing inequality and especially poverty and extreme poverty even after controlling for the roles of gross domestic product (GDP) and other political economy, regional, and population characteristics. This analysis finds that the efficacy of evolving social protection policies from Asian countries does not vary significantly from those of more established welfare states. Whereas the aggregate level data on public social transfer expenditures are far from perfect and do not detail the qualitative variations in policy design and implementation, findings from this analysis help fill the void in literature to understand the degree to which low- and middle-income countries may count on social protection policies to address persistent poverty and growing inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian & Latin American Economic History is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The financial crises of 1997–98 and 2008–09 each had a debilitating effect on Southeast Asian market economies because of the dominance of exports and foreign ownership. However, the 1997–98 financial crisis positively impacted electronics exports, production and employment, due to a booming US economy. The contraction in demand in the US during the 2008–09 crisis reduced electronics exports from Southeast Asia with the exceptions of Indonesia and the Philippines, which were shielded by regional linkages with Singapore, Malaysia and China. Foreign labour repatriation and fiscal stimulus packages helped Malaysia and Thailand rebound quickly from the 2008–09 crisis. In the Philippines, the 2008–09 crisis expanded further the casualisation of labour as retrenched workers from Malaysia and Singapore returned home. State grants encouraged upgrading in Singapore and to some extent in Malaysia, but the liberal approach of Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand limited them to low-value-added activities. However, Singapore’s and Malaysia’s transnational-based strategy failed to reproduce the technological leapfrogging experience of South Korea and Taiwan. Also, Malaysia’s ethno-patronage policies discouraged upgrading in national firms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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The global food crisis has been widely described in terms of the volatility of grain and oilseed markets and the associated worsening conditions of food security facing many poor people. Various explanations have been given for this volatility, including increasingly meat-centered diets and rising demand for animal feed, especially in China. This is a very partial reading, as the food crisis runs much deeper than recent market turbulence; when it is understood in terms of the biophysical contradictions of the industrial grain–oilseed–livestock complex and how they are now accelerating, meat moves to the center of the story. Industrial livestock production is the driving force behind rising meat consumption on a world scale, and the process of cycling great volumes of industrial grains and oilseeds through soaring populations of concentrated animals serves to magnify the land and resource budgets, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions associated with agriculture. These dynamics not only reflect disparities but are exacerbating them, foremost through climate change. Thus, this paper suggests that rising meat consumption and industrial livestock production should be understood together to comprise a powerful long-term vector of global inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the rise of new cultural identitarian movements in the emerging multi-polar system in Africa and Asia. It discusses several aspects including the Led industrialization by the secular liberation movements of Africa and Asia, the contruction of new cultural identitarian movements, and the world system. It mentions that neither of the smaller states, nongovernmental organization's (NGO's), nor multinational corporations will subvert the system.

Turbulence has been the hallmark of the course of Indonesian economic growth. Indonesia was dubbed a "chronic drop-out" in economic performance in 1968, but it then immediately embarked on a growth spurt. Just as accolades to Indonesia's economic pragmatism and economic orthodoxy were reaching a new height, Indonesia's economy shattered during the Asian financial crisis of 1997-99. Indonesia has once again risen phoenix-like from that disaster, and the bounce back has been resilient in the face of the 2008 global financial crisis. Despite the commendable progress, however, its growth seems to be hindered. Indonesia must now tackle the two most important constraints to its continued high growth: logistics and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does economic liberalization — or a country’s integration into the global economy — affect its economic performance and the distribution of wealth? There have been heated debates on positive and negative sides of globalization. This article seeks to fill the existing gap in the study of globalization and its socio-economic outcomes by focusing on the mediating effect of political corruption in countries from Asia and Eastern Europe. The authors suggest that, in countries with high levels of corruption, extensive economic liberalization brings faster economic growth. However, the economic growth does not improve the corrupt countries’ distributive justice, increasing poverty and leaving the level of inequality intact after the economic development. On the other hand, economic liberalization in less corrupt countries neither generates fast economic growth, nor significantly improves the countries’ poverty and inequality. The empirical result implies that neoliberal economic reform per se does not have direct impact on a country’s distributive justice. This article studies 40 developing countries from Asia and Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Current discussions of climate change are overly focused on the science underpinning environmental impact, with little attention to socioeconomic consequences. The economics of environmental change in particular is insufficiently informed by the lessons that past experiences can yield. Drawing on case studies from Europe and Asia, this special issue underlines the importance of historical context, as well as markets, institutions, technology, and the role of international trade in understanding how economic systems have responded to environmental changes. Past economies have responded dynamically to environmental change rather than simply constrained deterministically by the climatic and ecological events that have engulfed them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic segregation is at the centre of debates about ‘race’ and ‘difference’, integration and citizenship in multicultural Britain. This paper critically examines discourses of segregation and challenges interpretations based on cultural ‘otherness’, normative assumptions about patterns of social and spatial integration and the ‘whiteness’ of the city. Drawing on research in Leeds and Bradford, the paper presents insights into how British Asians perceive, and make sense of, the spaces in which they are living and through which they are being enjoined to disperse. Their narratives of the city reveal multiple readings of ethnic segregation, the multi-ethnic inner city and the suburbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asia is fragmented linguistically and culturally, and most of the region does not share a common language of scholarship, apart from English. But scholars in Asia need to transcend the many limitations of publishing work only within their own countries, in local languages. For the sociology of religion in Asia, the challenge is to participate in the international discourse of the discipline, which is to say the top sociological journals. The major English-language sociology of religion (SR) journals are "Social Compass," "Sociology of Religion," and "Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion." It is evident from this comparison that English-language SR journals devote relatively little space to articles on East, Southeast, or South Asia, or in other words, to about half of the population of the planet. The lack of material on Asia in SR journals does indicate, roughly, the state of competence: knowledge within the discipline about religion in Asian contexts is weak and often superficial.

Discusses technology strategy in relation to economic and technological development in East Asian economies. Brief history on globalization and development in the region; Information on primary policies on technological development; Details on assimilation policies; Conclusion.

This article documents an innovative research project 'Monitoring the Impact of Technological Changes in Women's Employment in the Asian Region'. Initiated in 1994 by the United Nations University Institute for New Technologies (UNU/INTECH), the project sought to democratise the dialogue around technological changes and globalization by bringing together NGOs active among women workers, academic researchers and policy makers. It was guided by the assumption that those affected by the impact of new technologies should play a major part in making and implementing policy. Women workers, for example, should be able to lay claim to the knowledge which circulates through international organizations, while national and international policy makers stand to gain by listening directly to groups such as these who frequently are excluded from the benefits of globalized technological changes. Twenty-eight trade union and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worked alongside experienced researchers, covering eight countries and holding a series of both country-based and international workshops. The first research project to attempt direct inter-communication on such an extensive scale, 'Monitoring the Impact of Technological Changes in Women's Employment in the Asian Region' shifted the debate on gender and technology onto the terrain of the actual problems and possibilities currently faced by women workers rather than adopting positions for or against technology. The collaborative research process highlights several priority areas of policy dialogue which have been neglected and indicate ways of organizing which could secure better conditions of work. The evidence uncoveredandthe concerns expressedraise fundamental questions about whose interests and values are shaping the emerging techno-economic paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate over the East Asian crisis has thus far been led by economists who have focused on technical economic issues and policy goals at the expense of macro historical-structural questions. Foremost amongst the neglected questions is whether and under what conditions 'Postwar East Asian Capitalism' (PWEAC) will either continue to flourish or undergo a radical political transformation 'after the crisis'. This question must be understood in the context of the changing geopolitical framework of the post-Cold War era. PWEAC is under great pressure for reform from both external and internal forces. Whether a 'new political architecture' for capitalism in East Asia is emerging is the central issue and one which will determine the future direction of Asia. The demise of authoritarian-oligarchic capitalism in Asia may have been accelerated by the economic crisis. The most enduring result of the Asian crisis is not the presumed derailing of the (re)ascent of Asia in the world economy but rather the weakening of the non-democratic state forms that have characterized East Asia's capitalism for decades. Popular demands for change represent a real challenge to both the domestic authoritarian-oligarchic power structure of PWEAC and its crucial geopolitical underpinning and external orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the impact of the Asian financial crisis on the economic and political systems in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Restrictions of civil liberties and renewed political activism; Limited financial reforms; Need for new Hong Kong growth engine; Political and economic squabbles between China and Taiwan; Implications for United States foreign policy.

Presents information on a study that considers the technologies and factors influencing the development of technological capabilities in the emerging economies of Asia. Indicators of technological competence; Comparison between human capital formation and research and development activity; Policy lessons.

The paper discusses two general difficulties in drawing lessons from Asian industrialization for Africa, the problem of identification and the problem of reproducibility. The paper criticizes the World Bank/neoclassical model's attempt to solve the identification problem. Using examples from a number of East and Southeast Asian countries the paper argues that the model's export-oriented vs import-substitution dichotomy is a false one, that government policy was not neutral but active, interventionist and 'distorting', often with positive results, and that statist policies ensured that agriculture supported labour-intensive industrialization. It also points out that the problem of reproducibility, which is complicated by structural and historical dimensions, is largely ignored by the World Bank/neoclassical model. This raises serious doubts about the usefulness of the World Bank's model of structural adjustment as it applies to Africa, since it is based on a misinterpretation of the factors responsible for industrialization in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several developments related to Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) including Ph.D. Dissertation Award established by APPAM to honor the best Ph.D. dissertation in public policy and management submitted through an institutional member of APPAM. As mentioned, It is mentioned that, APPAM presented the 2011 Ph.D. Dissertation Award to Kurt Lavetti of Cornell University and Sophia Seung-yoon Lee of University of Oxford for her quality research on practical public problems in Asia.