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Migration has become a vital element of the Bangladeshi economy, which has led to an increasing focus on providing Bangladeshis with the skills needed on the international labour market. English is often cited as one of these skills, and previous research has shown that a primary reason why Bangladeshis wish to learn English is due to its perceived value for pursuing work abroad (Erling, Elizabeth J., Philip Seargeant, Mike Solly, Qumrul H Chowdhury, & Sayeedur Rahman. 2012. "Attitudes to English as a language for international development in rural Bangladesh." London: British Council. Available online at http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/publications/attitudes-english-a-language-international-development-rural-bangladesh.). The extent to which English is of value in economic migration, however, has been underexplored in research (Coleman, Hywel. 2010. "The English language in development." London: British Council. Available at http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/publications/english-language-development.). Drawing on data from a qualitative study which provides new insights into the experiences and perceptions of a cohort of returnee migrants, this article investigates the perceived value of (English) language skills for migration. The study finds that economic migrants see the advantages of having particular skills, especially English, for economic gain. However, applying a capabilities lens to their narratives (Sen, Amartya. 1999. "Development as freedom." Oxford: Oxford University Press.) reveals the difficulties of classifying their experiences in terms of "success" given the deeply embedded structural issues and challenges the participants report facing. This article therefore questions assumptions that language skills can be transformational when social inequality is (re)produced in the context of migration.

Qualitative analysis of inorganic salts and mixtures is an essential experiment carried out in high school, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels all over the world especially in India and South Asia. The classical technique uses H[subscript 2]S, which is highly toxic and has adverse effects on humans and the environment. Increasing awareness concerning a healthy environment has prompted us to develop a green scheme for detection of cations. NH[subscript 4] [superscript +] and K[superscript +] are detected directly in group zero. Pb[superscript 2+] and Ag[superscript +] are detected in group I as chlorides using dilute HCl. Ca[superscript 2+], Sr[superscript 2+], Ba[superscript 2+], and Pb[superscript 2+] are precipitated in group II as sulfates using Na[subscript 2]SO[subscript 4](aq) and ethanol. Cu[superscript 2+], Cd[superscript 2+], Fe[superscript 3+], Mn[superscript 2+], Co[superscript 2+], Ni[superscript 2+], and Mg[superscript 2+] are precipitated as hydroxides using NaOH and H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] in group III. The precipitate is treated with NH[subscript 3](aq) leaving a residue (group IIIA: Fe[superscript 3+], Mn[superscript 2+], Mg[superscript 2+] as hydroxides) and the centrifugate (group IIIB: Cu[superscript 2+], Cd[superscript 2+], Ni[superscript 2+], Co[superscript 2+] as soluble ammines). Al[superscript 3+], Zn[superscript 2+], Sn[superscript 2+]/Sn[superscript 4+] (as soluble hydroxo complexes), and Cr[superscript 3+] (as CrO[subscript 4][superscript 2-]) are detected in group IV, in the presence of each other by using selective reagents. The separation is sharp; individual cations are detected by spot tests and conventional methods. This scheme is simple and fast and makes green chemistry accessible to students. (Contains 1 table.)

The Indian butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794), is a high-value catfish that has gained immense consumer preference in South-East Asia. However, information on the nutritional requirements of this species is scanty. Hence, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary lipid levels on growth, body composition, and activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes in larvae. Three isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets were formulated by supplementing fish and vegetable oil (1:1) at 4.5% (D1), 7% (D2), and 9.5% (D3) levels (containing crude lipid 5.7%, 8.0%, and 10.45%, respectively in diets D1-D3) to a fish meal- and oilcake-based formulated diet. Experimental diets were fed to butter catfish larvae (0.15 ± 0.01 g) in triplicate groups for a period of 42 days. Proximate compositions of the experimental diets, as well as fish carcass, were analyzed using standard procedures (AOAC 2005). Digestive and metabolic enzyme activities were analyzed at the completion of the experiment by standard methodology. Butter catfish larvae fed the diet D2 (8% crude lipid) resulted in the best performance in terms of weight gain (final weight 1.40 ± 0.07 g), net weight gain (1.31 ± 0.06 g), specific growth rate (5.50 ± 0.05% · day-1), and protein efficiency ratio (2.39 ± 0.17). The highest lipid deposition (2.90 ± 0.12%) in the carcass was also recorded in fish reared on diet D2. The final weight, net weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D2 having 8% lipid. Moisture and lipid contents of the whole body were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in larvae fed diet D2. Amylase activity in fish significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. The maximum alkaline protease, pepsin, and lipase activities were noticed in the larvae fed diet D2. Progressive decrease in liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and significant increase (P < 0.05) in the activities of neoglucogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase) were noticed with an increase in dietary lipid levels. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) activities of LDH, ALT, and AST were recorded in the group fed diet D2. Results of the study indicated that 8% crude lipid in the diet could assure optimum growth and survival of butter catfish larvae during early development. An appraisal on growth, body composition, and digestive as well as metabolic function in the butter catfish larvae recorded in the study might provide some important information to consider application of formulated diets for the larviculture of Ompok bimaculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]