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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in South‐East Asia and East Asia shows distinct clinical, environmental, physiological and likely genetic differences compared with the West. A male predominance is present, which may be due to differences in smoking habits. Involvement of the buttocks is common in East Asian patients, while the axillae are most commonly affected in South‐East Asian patients. Metabolic comorbidities are prevalent in South‐East Asian and East Asian HS patients. A family history of HS is less common than noted in Western populations. Asian ethnic subgroups deserve further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Rhus parviflora is referred as ‘Tintidikah’ in traditional medicinal system of south Asia (Ayurveda). It is used in treatment of Vāta vikāra, a condition related to neurological complications as well as cure for stomach disorders. Materials and methods: Dried and powdered fruits of R. parviflora were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol (RPME). The concentrated extract was successively partitioned with distilled water (DW), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). All extracts, as well as isolated biflavonoids from R. parviflora, were evaluated for their affinity to the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptor. The sedative-hypnotic effects of the fractions were evaluated by measuring sleep latency and sleep duration during pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice after oral administration of the extract fractions. Results: Oral administration of RPME (125mg/kg, 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, and 1000mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in sleep latency and an increase in sleep duration in mice treated with pentobarbital. The methanol extract produced a hypnotic effect that was fully blocked by 3H-Ro 15-1788 flumazenil (FLU). Further, among the solvent fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant activity. Among the isolated compounds, biflavonoids mesuaferrone B (1), rhusflavone (3), and agathisflavone (4) competitively inhibited FLU binding with a K i of 0.280μM, 0.045μM, and 0.091μM, respectively. In addition, analysis of the sedative-hypnotic effects of rhusflavone, as well as those of the ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water fractions revealed that the modulation of both the ethyl acetate fraction and biflavonoid rhusflavone (3) are the most potent in inducing sleep. Conclusion: The presence of conjugated ketone and C6-C8″ biflavonoid linkage in rhusflavone may be responsible for BZD-site of the GABAA leading to decrease in sleep latency and increase sleep duration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]