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Carotenoids, tocopherols and phylloquinone are highly valued in vegetables due to their potential health benefits. The profile of eight carotenoids, four tocopherols, and phylloquinone in 26 green leafy vegetables (GLV) commonly consumed in Southeast Asia were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS/MS). Lutein, β-carotene and α-tocopherol were the predominant carotenoids and tocopherol in the GLV. Among 26 GLV, sweet leaf bush contained the highest amount of total carotenoids (494 ± 22 µg/g fresh weight (FW)), tocopherols (214 ± 60 µg/g FW) and phylloquinone (18 ± 2 µg/g FW). Other underutilised GLV, including wolfberry leaves, cassava leaves and moringa leaves, are also a rich source of fat-soluble micronutrients. Overall, this study enhanced the understanding of micronutrient composition in underutilised GLV in Southeast Asia. Data will be important for diet recommendations to promote the nutritional status of the population in the region., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Essence of chicken (EOC) beverage is a chicken meat extract, widely consumed in Asian countries for health benefits. EOC is a rich source of peptides and amino acids. White bread has become a popular staple food in all regions of Southeast Asia. A randomized controlled, crossover, non-blind trial was performed to investigate the role of EOC on glycaemic response (GR) of white bread. Ten healthy young subjects returned on five separate days for three glucose and two bread sessions. Subjects consumed bread or bread with EOC. The 120 min incremental area under the curve was significantly lower after consuming two bottles of EOC with bread than white bread alone. The glycaemic index (GI) of white bread was 83 and white bread with EOC 57. The co-ingestion of EOC may be a practical and simple way to reduce the GR of bread and other starch-based staples.