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The Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock is addressing one of the most pressing policy issues facing the United States: how to care for the burgeoning number of older adults. In 2001, the Institute created the Arkansas Aging Initiative, which established seven satellite centers on aging across the state using $1.3 to $2 million dollars annually from the state's portion of the Master Tobacco Settlement. These centers on aging assist the state's population of older adults, many of whom reside in rural areas, live in poverty, and suffer from poor health. The centers provide multiple avenues of education for the community, health care providers, families, and caregivers. The Arkansas Aging Initiative, in partnership with local hospitals, also makes geriatric primary and specialty care more accessible through senior health clinics established across rural Arkansas. In 2005, older adults made more than 36,000 visits to these clinics. All sites have attracted at least one physician who holds a Certificate of Added Qualifications in geriatrics and one advanced practice nurse. Other team members include geriatric medical social workers, pharmacists, nutritionists, and neuropsychologists. This initiative also addresses other policy issues, including engaging communities in building partnerships and programs crucial to maximizing their limited resources and identifying opportunities to change reimbursement mechanisms for care provided to the growing number of older adults. We believe this type of program has the potential to create a novel paradigm for nationwide implementation.

High-quality community needs assessments can help focus limited resources on the needs of a rapidly expanding population-older Americans. Based on such assessments, organizations and communities can effectively plan and deliver cost-effective, appropriate health promotion/wellness programs and health/social services to targeted populations. This article, which describes the Arkansas Aging Initiative's (AAI) use of a community needs assessment to identify its constituents' top health needs, provides specific background information for communities with demographics similar to those in Arkansas and offers assessment strategies for communities throughout the US. The AAI used two complementary methodologies to obtain critical input from Arkansas providers and their communities: focus groups of healthcare providers and community members and surveys administered to older adults. The assessment confirmed that health problems in the communities were consistent with leading causes of morbidity and mortality at state and national levels. It indicated that respondents' top three health needs related to affordability, including affordability of prescription medications, medical care, and health insurance, and that needs varied inversely with age. In other findings, married individuals rated their own health as better than their single counterparts; whites rated their health better than non-whites; and more than half of respondents reported leaving their counties to receive healthcare. This community needs assessment has enabled the AAI to address respondents' needs by developing specific educational and interdisciplinary healthcare initiatives, such as increasing access to a prescription drug assistance program.

Providers of geriatric care in Arkansas were surveyed to determine the desire for more information on their specialty as well as opportunities for further training. Those in the nursing profession were most interested in further training, and the major area of interest for all providers was in cognitive decline and mental health information. Specifically, information was sought in the areas of dementia, depression, and memory loss. It is recommended that improvement in geriatric care in the future should focus on nursing education and on raising the level of knowledge and academic prestige in the treatment of elderly patients, especially in the mental health areas.

One-hundred-ninety elderly (mean age 75.8 years), disabled patients at risk of being institutionalized due to stroke, acute medical problems, dementia, and other illnesses completed a rehabilitation program at the Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit (GRU). A retrospective study to measure possible impacts of rehabilitation on functional status and placement at discharge from the GRU and on living situation 1 year postdischarge showed an improvement of functional status after rehabilitation in nearly all patients. By discharge, the number of patients with partial or total activities of daily living (ADL) independence increased from 87 to 173, ambulatory patients increased from 42 to 127, continent patients from 89 to 141 and mentally clear patients from 40 to 91. Higher ratings in these parameters at discharge were associated with better placement and significantly lower mortality 1 year postdischarge. Patients placed in noninstitutional settings had a lower (21%) mortality rate when compared with patients placed in nursing homes (mortality 45%). The GRU program is clearly associated with improved outcome of care.