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For a century, the Beagle Channel was a point of contention for Chile and Argentina concerning their borders in the southern zone. Its geographical location implied a dispute between both nations' opposing geopolitical interests. This article analyzes the dispute over the Beagle Channel through a qualitative methodology with an established timeline (1881-1984). To this end, it assumes a geopolitical approach, resourcing the treaties and agreements established during this time and Chilean and Argentine authors defending the interests of their respective countries. As a result, it establishes the implications in the Austral-Antarctic Sea and the consequences in the maritime and continental shelf domains, which persist to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forgiveness in reconciliation processes can be seen, from the Political Science, as a micropolitical process of learning that resolves the problem of coexistence after a certain period of violence. The process involves three cognitive steps: Reinterpretation of the violent past, humanization of the self and the other, and recognition of the other as a potential cooperator. These steps are experienced not only by the individuals (victims, wrongdoers and observers) but also they occur on the level of the shared mental models built by a certain society, and their existence is due to a group of enhancers or reducers of probability, which are given by political decisions or processes of institutional design. This leads us to the construction of an analytical framework of forgiveness that includes three dimensions: Individuals, Shared Mental Models and Political Institutions, which are synchronized with the three cognitive steps already presented before. This framework can be used as a tool for the study of forgiveness in reconciliation processes, as it is shown in this research, with the analysis of Argentina, El Salvador and South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]