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This paper analyzes the development of cooperation between Argentina and Brazil from their initial rapprochement of 1979 to the construction of Mercosur in 1991. It presents an account of cooperation that emphasizes the power and organizational interests of the armed forces and that challenges the prevailing emphases on democratization and neoliberalism. In doing so, it addresses a methodological problem for qualitative research in international relations: What can be done if our theories of why cooperation occurs affect our perceptions of when it begins? Conventional explanations of Argentine-Brazilian cooperation may be biased toward what historian Herbert Butterfield called 'Whig history,' which sees in past events associations that exist only in the present. These tendencies can alter our periodization of cases, omit or falsely reject important causal variables, and too readily confirm our preferred hypotheses, but they can also be corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasing levels of cooperation within Latin American countries, this article suggests that domestic political and institutional variables affect the options for greater integration within countries. Traditional ways of understanding security among policymakers explain the lack of reforms in this sector. The article provides the example of Argentina and Chile, the most advanced countries within South America in terms of cooperation in the field of security. The authors try to demonstrate that several institutional inertias within each country have preempted these two countries from advancing a paradigmatic shift in their security approaches toward each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]