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Praise has been considered as positive feedback associated with parental behaviours that reinforce children's behaviour. This demonstration of affection and attention has been a relevant predictor of various aspects such as self-esteem, self-confidence and the ability to persist in the face of challenges. However, the contributions on child development depend on the type of praise used (product, person or process). Given the impact on children's overall well-being and the scarcity of research at the local level, it is relevant to study primary caregivers' praise of children aged 0-3 years living in Argentina. For this purpose, 128 primary caregivers (M age = 32.82 years; SD = 6.21; 109 female) of infants (M age in months = 15.96; SD = 9.87; 69 female) were evaluated. An exploratory and descriptive study was conducted using an ad hoc questionnaire constructed based on current literature on the subject, with both open-ended and closed-ended questions. We found a high frequency of complimenting children's efforts and processes in both open and closed questions on the types and moments of praise. In addition, there was a concordance of the ways of praising with the categories used in the literature. This exploratory approach provides knowledge to be able to advance in more rigorous and ecologically valid studies on the topic relevant to child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe and compare routines and behaviors in a sample of children from three countries during the mandatory quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze their connections to anxiety. A total of 335 children aged 3 to 7 years from Spain, Argentina and the United States participated in the study. The instruments used were the Routine and Behavior Scale (RBS) and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS). Using network sampling through online questionnaires in Spanish and English, the results showed differences in routines and behaviors patterns in participants from countries under confinement, as well as higher anxiety scores. The negative repercussions of confinement may affect a child’s welfare. It is therefore necessary to carry out cross-cultural studies in order to enable the early detection of psychopathological symptoms and promote prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the conditions that led the Argentine armed group Montoneros to establish a nursery in Cuba, in 1979, to care for the children of exiled members who had decided to return to the country to fight against a dictatorial regime characterised by the crime of enforced disappearance and supported by continental and global alliances. The analysis focuses on the dilemmas children posed for militants and the organisation and how those concerns were in part addressed by setting up a facility to care for the children. The article then considers how that childcare effort by the Montoneros connected with Cuba's internationalist and refugee policies and with continental struggles, as well as looking at how the children involved experienced it. This reconstruction offers a new approach to thinking about political conflicts in the heated Cold War scenario in Latin America, through the lens of children's history and by exploring how love and politics are intertwined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children’s attributions towards withdrawn behaviors are usually determined by the particular social milieu in which they develop and tend to influence their behaviors and reactions. The aim of this work was to compare the attributions towards two subtypes of social withdrawal (shyness and unsociability) referred by children from three different contexts in Mendoza, Argentina: urban, urban-marginalized and rural. Participants were 221 kindergarten children from these contexts (urban: n = 82, Mmonths = 62.33; urban-marginalized: n = 72, Mmonths = 60.47; rural: n = 67, Mmonths = 63.07). Children were individually interviewed with a series of graphic vignettes with hypothetical characters displaying shy and unsociable behaviors, and for comparison purposes were also assessed aggressive and socially competent behaviors. After each vignette, children were asked a series of questions designed to assess their attributions toward each behavior in six dimensions: intentionality, social motivation, affiliative preference, social status, negative impact and sympathy. The results of this study showed that young children in the three contexts were able to distinguish social withdrawal from other types of behaviors (i.e., aggressiveness and sociability). Overall, withdrawn behaviors received more positive attributions (greater affiliative preference, better social position and less negative impact) than aggressive behaviors, although they were also perceived negatively in relation to more socially competent behaviors (the latter were attributed greater affiliative preference and best position within the peer group). Furthermore, it was observed that children from the three contexts made clearly distinctions among the different forms of social withdrawal in terms of intentionality and social motivation. Specifically, they reported that compared with unsociable characters, shy ones are more socially motivated and less intentional in their behavior, evocating greater feelings of compassion. However, some peculiarities can be appreciated in each context. The results indicated that children in the urban group reported greater feelings of sympathy for the shy character in relation to the unsociable, which was not evidenced in the other groups. In addition, children from the rural sample showed a greater preference for interact with the hypothetical shy peer than with the unsociable character and this inclination was also greater when compared with the urban sample. Taken together, these results may suggest that different socialization norms and expectations would evoke different meanings and implications to the socially withdrawn manifestations. It might be possible that in urban contexts children’s socialization expectations highlight extraversion and self-affirming behaviors which generate more empathetic reactions in front of passive or fearful manifestations as shyness. On the other hand, rural children may prefer peers who display shy behaviors possibly because it is in line with expectations of social cohesion and modesty that are value in this milieu. Nevertheless, no differences were found between shy and unsociable behaviors in any of the contexts in terms of social position and negative impact that they anticipated for the peer group. These results could provide some support for the idea that social withdrawal tends to be globally perceived as benign at an early age, and especially in the rural context, where it is a frequent and valued behavior. Although it is not possible with the limited variables included in this study to know which are the specific contextual aspects that affect some attributions and through what mechanisms they do so, these findings are an important starting point to continue deepening the socialization processes in urban, urban-marginalized and rural young children. This study is also one of the first to evaluate the knowledge and attributions of Argentinean children from different social context toward social withdrawal and provides new evidence on the differences in the cultural meaning and implications of withdrawn behaviors in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper main objective is to analyze the converging points that de- monstrate the importance of consolidating the process of eradicating child labor in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, based on ratifications of international conventions. The technique of bibliographical research was used. The method of approach is the deductive and the monographic procedure was used. It was found that the ratifications of international conventions were milestones in the fight against child labor in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. As a result, legal protections against child labor have been structured to guide the execution of public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Question (1669-6581) is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/Context: In this work, I propose to explore the childhood memories of those who experienced exile during the last dictatorships in Argentina and Uruguay. I examine the spaces of transit and meanings stored in the recounted memories. Methodology: Based on interviews conducted by me, I focus on the biographical approach and socio-symbolic level when analyzing the narratives produced by the interviewees. Originality: The work aims to contribute to a little-explored subject, such as the memories of those who experienced exile in childhood, with the purpose of recovering spatial dimension as a novel perspective in the construction of memory. Conclusions: Based on an analysis of evoked experiences, the study highlights the affective link to spaces and meanings in relation to intermediate places of transit during forced migration: thresholds between the known world and the world to be known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a study intended to elucidate the current modalities of social intervention on children at risk in Argentina, as part of what is known as child protection and from a rights-based approach. I attempt to comprehend these modalities of intervention by focusing on the actions of the institutional agents of a state organism for the protection of children's rights in a mid-range area of Buenos Aires. The material presented here stems from an ethnographic and narrative approach to the actions carried out by these agents in relation to the families with which they interact, in order to access some of the significant schemes that frame them. I conducted my fieldwork in 2018, during a fivemonth internship in the organization, using participant observation as the main research technique. I argue that the trust that permeates the bond between state agents and the families targeted by the interventions is conceived as a moral value that conveys the instructive work carried out, fundamentally, on womenmothers. This characteristic does not serve to make relationships more flexible, but rather reestablishes itself to stylize control and surveillance mechanisms. At the same time, families make use of available institutional rhetoric as a way of translating their social experience into the language of rights, thus effecting the expected transformation. This work shows how current models of intervention involving children and their families incorporate new elements such as trust and affection, which, however, are woven with enduring power mechanisms typical of the scope of the state's protective services. It also discusses the place of families in the interaction with state agents to enable an understanding of their actions based on the use and appropriation of the language of rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anuario de la Sociedad Argentina de Historia de la Educación is the property of Argentinean Society of History of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociedad e Infancias is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to analyze: a) the production of knowledge in Psychology related to the bonds between child and juvenile delinquency in boys and the field of work and education; b) the different classifications that served as a model for expert intervention on these children; and c) the relationship between the concept of abnormality and crime, taking into account the different institutions proposed for the rehabilitation of criminal childhood. From a perspective of the critical history of Psychology, it is pointed out the ways of classifying childhood, as well as the more specific conceptions of masculinity in children, considering their relationship with a particular social order. It is possible to highlight the ways in which an attempt was made to establish a specific behavior model for boys and the delimitation of abnormalities, resulting in a naturalization of the foundations of their behavior. These parameters were related to a rational conception of the society that had to identify the disturbances and correct them, based on the expert knowledge of the intellectuals and leaders of Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En las primeras décadas del siglo XX un conjunto de actores y grupos sociales percibieron la necesidad de construir espacios complementarios y, en algunos casos, alternativos al formato escolar estatalizado que estaba en pleno crecimiento. Entre los espacios pensados para transmitir e imponer ciertos tópicos, se destacaron los recreos infantiles. Más allá de las fuertes disputas ideológicas y políticas acaecidas en las primeras décadas del siglo XX en la Argentina, hubo un fuerte consenso sobre la necesidad de disponer de espacios recreativos para la población infantil. Sin embargo, los fines, los sentidos y los significados puestos en circulación entraron rápidamente en colisión dependiendo del grupo social de origen, de la ideología profesada y de la forma de concebir "lo político". Grupos de socialistas, anarquistas y de diferentes congregaciones religiosas (por ejemplo, salesianas) implementaron recreos infantiles en la Argentina. Estos espacios de sociabilidad pusieron en circulación una serie de sentidos y significados sobre diferentes tópicos, entre ellos la "cuestión sexual". El siguiente artículo indaga los significados que se produjeron, transmitieron y circularon en relación a la diferencia sexual, a la feminidad y a la masculinidad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to analyze the evolution of children's drawings according to the first stages proposed by Lowenfeld: the scribbling stage, the pre-schematic stage and the schematic stage, in children living in Argentina and Germany. Three specific objectives were established: 1) to investigate whether, at present, the aforementioned stages occur at the same ages proposed by said author; 2) to analyze the characteristics of children's drawings in children aged 3 to 6 years old living in Argentina and Germany and 3) to compare the graphic productions made by children living in both countries, in order to investigate the differences between both sociocultural contexts. The sample included a total of 136 children between the ages of 3 to 6, 72 children of which were Argentinian and 64 were German. A quantitative, descriptive-comparative approach with a cross-sectional design was used. The instruments used were the free drawing technique and an assessment form made ad hoc. It was observed that the sequence in which the stages of drawing were presented was identical to that presented by Lowenfeld. However, the advance in the ages in relation to said stages was evident. When analyzing the stages of children's drawing, no statistically significant differences were found between both groups of children (Argentina-Germany). Also, drawing characteristics were similar in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This article inquires into the way "child abuse" has been constructed as a social problem in Argentina. The papers explores how the issue was first approached in the 1970s by a pediatric community influenced by psychoanalysis and subsequently divulged more broadly, until it became an endeavour in the hands of judicial actors that was destined to transform the way of dealing with the problem. For that purpose, the article is based on an analysis of early studies on the topic and interviews of judicial actors. These analyses suggest that the normative transformations that took place led to the removal of the "abused child" from the criminal environment, as the promoters had proposed, and also made it possible to broaden the spectrum of what could be denounced and, therefore, of what could be treated and controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, we consider that the analysis of the role of the Judiciary in childhood matters is of paramount significance. This is derived from the research work we conducted about the history of the institutions hosting children at risk in the province of La Pampa (North Zone delegation. 1960-2010). This research study can be considered an ex-post facto retrospective study, according to the classification by Montero and León (2002, 2005), in the sense that it is not possible to manipulate variables. Considering the study of institutions for children and their link with the Judiciary, it is possible to identify two major stages in this relationship: the first one, from the beginning of the macro-institutions, from around 1960 to 1990, and the second one, from 1990 to 2010. The turning point would be the enactment of Law No. 1270, through which the Family and Minors Court was created. The analysis of La Pampa in terms of its legislative situation and the institutional and operational roles of the Judiciary show that, in fact, two great childhood doctrines coexist in the province. Although the Judiciary tends to act considering the Integral Protection Law, there have been neither changes in the institutional structure of the administrative departments, nor legislative changes consistent with that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceiving childhood as a social construction that has changed along the history, and understanding such category as comprehensive of different ideas about involved subjects, and its political and legal treatment, we propose to analyze with a comparative approach conceptions of childhood in Civil Code and Civil and Commercial Code Reform Project of Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to describe the Justice System for juveniles in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from a legal and administrative perspective; and to review recent contributions to the assessment of youth with dissocial behaviors. During the last 15 years, the system has been deeply modified in order to fit the recommendations of the Convention on the Rights of the Child's. At present, the dispositions of the Courts are carried out by the Sub - Secretariat of Childhood and Youngsters of the Ministry of Social Development. This Secretariat has different facilities, such as closed, mixed centers that combine indoors and outdoors detention centers, open centers (in charge of the application of the sentences that bear alternatives to prison dispositions and community enforced services, etc). Studies from mental health and behavioral sciences have contributed to the identification of risk factors for dissocial behavior and for developing adequate interventions for each specific level of prevention. However, there is still a big gap between the state of the art and the practical issues related to it. Thus, the local system can be considered to be in transition period, and in need of adjustments not only in the legal codes but also in the application of the law, if policy improvement and better use of scientific knowledge is intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the sensitivity invoked by child issues, specifically regarding abuse, from the standpoint of the construction of the Argentinean National State, focusing particularly on the mediation role that neighborhood communities took on in the central and southern regions of the Buenos Aires province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The model of Basu and Van (1998) presents, at a theoretical level, the so-called luxury hypothesis, according to which households are headed by altruistic and poor parents who recur to child labor as a strategy to escape poverty. This focus states that if the economy is in a situation of multiple equilibrium, it may happen that the effective application of laws prohibiting child labor lead to a worsening of household welfare and an increase in poverty. Using data from the Activities of Boys, Girls and Adolescents carried out in Argentina in 2004, we explore empirically the altruistic parent hypothesis, examining how monetary poverty and material privation can be considered determinants of economic participation by girls, boys and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article focuses on the social protection of children, the subjectivity, and post-rights in the second modernity in Argentina. It examines the interplay among the supranational legal frameworks which exist in the country and the possibility of establishing an Integral Protection System for Rights. It explores the subjectivity production involved in globalization as well as the prevailing significant representation of the boy-individual or girl-individual. It also stresses the need to create the Childhood Rights International Doctrine that has emerged from the political, cultural and social transformations.

The article examines the child rearing and the care of children in contexts of social transformation and inequality in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It focuses on certain assumptions that attempt to limit the educational practices of poor sectors concerning the traditional patterns which are restricted to the privacy of family life. It analyzes the various factors that influence the upbringing and the attention of children as well as the non formalized institutions where the children belong to.

The article explores childhood, development, knowledge and socialization among boys and girls in Argentina. It examines the various contexts of child development that have influenced the growth of children from six to eight years old. It focuses on the approach to the complex universe of childhood as well as on the characterization of children based on various theoretical and methodological views. It also highlights the influence of education and media on the development and the subjective constitution of children of middle classes from big cities.

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article develops an overall view on the relationship among historical-social phenomena, ideologies, and legislation about childhood. The article describes methods used in procedures for children protection and carries out a critical analysis about the discursive construction of the abandoned/delinquent, after sanction of Civil Code by the end of the XIX century and until early XX century, when specific laws were demanded in the whole country. Through an analysis of Ph.D. thesis and other historical sources, and making emphasis on Córdoba Province (Argentina), the article accounts for ideological perspectives and debates which legitimated features, approaches, modalities, and logic of state intervention, which were then legalized by advising and juridical institutions which supported protection of abandoned children, creating a culture of criminalization and for airing in court social problems which has had legitimacy until today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we present reflections derived from ongoing research on indigenous and migrant children in educational contexts. We emphasize the forms of approaching communication styles at school; we consider the (nonexclusive) possibility of linking these children's apparently silent attitudes to particular cultural representations of their groups of reference, as well as to processes of silencing. We also address teachers' conceptions of the children and especially of their silent attitude. As the analysis progresses, we present difficulties in identifying and characterizing associations among aspects that seem to be related (ethnic and national positions, school links and relations, classroom attitudes). Lastly, we examine the possibility of researching problems of this complexity by turning to ethnographic perspectives in combination with other focuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The submitted article discusses the problem of poverty in our country and how this specifically affects the children, who in order to survive, are forced to leave school for " cardboarding". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a study of children's education and schooling through a focus on relations, including the intervention of social actors outside of school. Studies on educational trajectories frequently define the school experience in restricted and non-relational terms; i.e., registering only the "entries" and "exits" of children and young people with regard to formal schooling, or turning to schedules as if they involved only the children, and very rarely the school and family. This study analyzes from an ethnographic perspective the way school trajectories, crisscrossed by relations of inequality, are influenced by significant actors and places in the daily interactions of children's families in the suburbs of greater Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute la autoridad y el poder en la escuela. Se analiza la problemática del poder en la escuela. Se relacionan las concepciones y facultades que los profesores de infancia le atribuyen al poder con sus ideas sobre la identidad de su trabajo y su participación en el cambio escolar en Argentina. Se dice que la reflexión docente sobre este tema expresa un conflicto de difícil resolución a causa del estatus cívico-político de la niñez como objeto del trabajo docente.