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La histoplasmosis es una micosis sistémica endémica en América con pocos casos reportados en pediatría. Describir la epidemiología, formas clínicas y evolución de la histoplasmosis en niños de un hospital pediátrico en Argentina. El estudio, retrospectivo y descriptivo, se llevó a cabo entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2016 en el Hospital de Pediatría «Prof. Dr. Juan Pedro Garrahan», e incluyó pacientes menores de 18 años con cuadro clínico, serología, cultivos y/o hallazgos histológicos compatibles con histoplasmosis. Se estudiaron 13 pacientes (siete niños y seis niñas, con una mediana de edad de 9 años y rango intercuartílico de 3,4 a 13 años), de los cuales tres niños (23%) provenían de la provincia de Buenos Aires, tres de la provincia de Santa Fe (23%) y siete (54%) de otras provincias. Diez pacientes (77%) presentaron la forma diseminada de la enfermedad y tres (23%) la forma pulmonar (23%); ocho niños (62%) tenían otras comorbilidades. La serología fue positiva en siete casos (54%), los cultivos fueron positivos en nueve pacientes (69%) y en diez casos (77%) se identificaron hallazgos histológicos compatibles con histoplasmosis. Todos los pacientes recibieron anfotericina B (liposomal en siete casos y desoxicolato en seis). Diez pacientes (77%) continuaron el tratamiento con itraconazol y tres pacientes (23%) fallecieron por causas no relacionadas con la histoplasmosis. En la serie analizada predominaron los pacientes con histoplasmosis diseminada asociada a otra enfermedad. La mortalidad no estuvo directamente relacionada con la infección. Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease, endemic in South America, and seldom reported in paediatrics. To report the epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of children diagnosed with histoplasmosis in an Argentinian Children's Hospital. A retrospective and descriptive study was performed from January 2008 to December 2016 in Hospital de Pediatría 'Prof. Dr. Juan Pedro Garrahan'. Patients under 18 years with clinical features, serological tests, cultures and/or histological findings compatible with histoplasmosis were included. Thirteen patients were selected (seven male and six female; mean age was 9 years with interquartile range 3.4-13); three children (23%) were from Buenos Aires province, three (23%) from Santa Fe province, and seven (54%) from other provinces. In ten cases (77%) the clinical form was disseminated, and it was pulmonary in three (23%). Eight cases (62%) suffered other comorbidities. Serological tests were positive in seven patients (54%), with positive cultures obtained in nine patients (69%). Histological findings compatible with histoplasmosis were found in 10 cases (77%). All patients received treatment with amphotericin B (liposomal formulation in seven cases, deoxycholate in six), with 10 patients continuing with oral itraconazole. Three patients (23%) died from causes unrelated to histoplasmosis. The majority of children in the series had comorbidities and disseminated histoplasmosis. Mortality was not directly associated with histoplasmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rocketing number of COVID-19 cases highlighted the critical role that diagnostic tests play in medical and public health decision-making to contain and mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study reports the evaluation and implementation of different tests for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the central region of Argentina. We evaluated 3 real time RT-PCR kits (GeneFinder COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit, DisCoVery SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Detection Kit and WGene SARS-CoV-2 RT Detection), 2 nucleic acid extraction methods [MagaBio plus Virus DNA/RNA Purification Kit II (BioFlux), 35-min vs. 9-min], a pre-analytical reagent (FlashPrep®) and 2 isothermal amplification tests (Neokit Plus and ELA CHEMSTRIP®). The order according to the best performance of the 3 real-time RT-PCR kits evaluated was: DisCoVery>GeneFinderTM>WGene. The 2 RNA extraction methods showed similar good results: MagaBio plus Virus RNA Purification Kit II (BioFlux) 9-min was selected due to its faster performance. FlashPrep® reagent showed excellent results to perform direct RNA detection. Isothermal amplification assays showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity values (>80%), except in samples with Ct>30. Our data show optimal real time RT-PCR kits and alternative molecular methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic. These alternative assays proved to be acceptable for their use in adverse contexts, decentralization, and different epidemiological scenarios, for rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection., (Copyright © 2023 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective. To evaluate the macroscopic agglutination test using Temperature Resistant (TR) antigen as a screening test for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in different stages of the disease. Materials and methods. The criteria for case definition were based on the results of the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), leukocyte counts and neutrophilia, resulting 218 confirmed cases and 242 non-cases. Each sample was classified according to the days of the disease progression in three stages: first (<10 days), second (10 - 25 days) and third (> 25 days). The design was cross-sectional observational. Results. TR sensitivity was 71,1% on stage 1. 93.4% on stage 2 and 95.6% on stage 3. The specificity at different stages ranged from 79.0 to 69.2%. Intra and inter-operator variability was moderate. Conclusion. TR variability, low sensitivity in the first stage and low specificity found in all stages of the disease, suggest that it is essential to incorporate new diagnostic methods to screen for early detection of cases in our country and in countries that still apply such methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the state of the art of the scientific literature on binge eating disorder in Latin America. Method: A literature search of studies conducted in Latin American countries using the term "binge eating" was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, and PsycINFO. Selected articles described studies developed with Latin American samples that met partial or complete DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder. Results: 8,123 articles were screened and 30 studies met the inclusion criteria (18 cross-sectional studies, 5 clinical trials, 4 case reports, 2 validity studies, and 1 cohort study). Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil (27), one in Argentina, one in Colombia, and one in Venezuela. The prevalence of binge eating disorder among obese people attending weight loss programs ranged between 16% and 51.6%. The comparison between obese people with and without binge eating disorder showed a tendency of higher weight, longer history of weight fluctuation, more concern about shape and weight, and association with psychiatric comorbidity in those with binge eating disorder. Conclusion: Binge eating disorder is a detectable phenomenon in Latin America with clinical features similar to those found in the international literature. This review provides support for the consideration of binge eating disorder as a distinct eating disorder in the International Classification of Diseases -- 11th edition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oasis irrigated by the Mendoza River (Province of Mendoza, Argentina) -like most cities at present- is facing problems such as urban encroachment into agricultural land, multiplicity of users, and reduced availability of water resources, both in quantity and quality. Efforts and investments have been made to secure water availability (improved efficiencies, water saving); however, this is not the case as regards preservation of water quality. The agricultural sector in Mendoza has become the victim of pollution caused by urban and industrial development due to effluent discharges (point and/or diffuse) in the irrigation network. Studies conducted in Mendoza's Northern Oasis have shown high levels of phosphate pollution in the Mendoza River. The objective of this paper is to study the spatio-temporal evolution as well as the sources of this type of pollution. The study, which was based on a number of samplings carried out from 2003 to 2009, points to moderate levels of phosphate pollution in the Northern Oasis irrigated by the Mendoza River. Considerably high phosphate levels were also detected at three specific sites in the oasis: 1. the area irrigated by the Cacique Guaymallén and Jocolí canals (phosphate levels were six times the phosphate content in the water: from 0.2 mg L-1 at site R I to 1-2 mg L-1 at site C II); downstream of this latter site only a small area of 7300 ha is irrigated; 2. the area irrigated by the Pescara Canal downstream of site DVIII (1,250 ha), with mean content values seventeen times higher (8.5 mg L-1) than at site D I (0.49 mg L-1), where agricultural and stormwater runoff is discharged; 3. the Lower Mendoza River area, where phosphate content increased sixteen times in the middle and tail-end sections of the system, with mean values ranging from 0.2 mg L-1 at site R II to 3.25 mg L-1 at R III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work presents the main aspects of the labor we usually develop as institutional psychologists, which is required by different consultant organizations. The originality of this consult is based on the nature of the consultant organization: a religious community. Up to now, the lager number or the requested consults came from organizations within the education or health fields. The transmission of such experience becomes essential and enriching, bearing in mind the recent development of the Institutional Psychology field. Besides, this transmission makes possible a feedback process to the research-action scope proposed here for the institutional phenomenon approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clamidiosis is a zooantrophonosis that affects birds, producing important clinical synthoms in human beings. 120 conjuntival secretion samples were taken from psitacid birds of particular houses and pets shop, in General Pico, La Pampa with the purpose of detecting the presence of this etyologic agent. To such aim, cell diagnostic techniques (Giemsa and direct Inmunofluorescence) were used as first tests, confirming themselves by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).One concludes that the disease is present in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease, endemic in South America, and seldom reported in paediatrics., Aims: To report the epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of children diagnosed with histoplasmosis in an Argentinian Children's Hospital., Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was performed from January 2008 to December 2016 in Hospital de Pediatría 'Prof. Dr. Juan Pedro Garrahan'. Patients under 18 years with clinical features, serological tests, cultures and/or histological findings compatible with histoplasmosis were included. Thirteen patients were selected (seven male and six female; mean age was 9 years with interquartile range 3.4-13); three children (23%) were from Buenos Aires province, three (23%) from Santa Fe province, and seven (54%) from other provinces., Results: In ten cases (77%) the clinical form was disseminated, and it was pulmonary in three (23%). Eight cases (62%) suffered other comorbidities. Serological tests were positive in seven patients (54%), with positive cultures obtained in nine patients (69%). Histological findings compatible with histoplasmosis were found in 10 cases (77%). All patients received treatment with amphotericin B (liposomal formulation in seven cases, deoxycholate in six), with 10 patients continuing with oral itraconazole. Three patients (23%) died from causes unrelated to histoplasmosis., Conclusions: The majority of children in the series had comorbidities and disseminated histoplasmosis. Mortality was not directly associated with histoplasmosis., (Copyright © 2019 Asociación Española de Micología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

A summary is presented in this article of the principal concepts of the Argentine Consensus on Arterial Hypertension, which has been carried out for the first time jointly by the three main scientific societies associated with the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension in Argentina (Argentine Society of Arterial Hypertension, Argentine Society of Cardiology and Argentine Federation of Cardiology). Among its main points, is emphasised the need to improve the diagnosis and control of high blood pressure, the use of ambulatory blood pressure measurement techniques, the importance of the risk stratification of the hypertensive patient, and the early use of pharmacological combinations in the treatment as a means to quickly achieve control. Finally, it lists the main recommendations for the management of hypertension in special populations, such as pregnant women, elderly people, diabetics, resistant patients, as well as patients with chronic kidney disease., (Copyright © 2019 SEH-LELHA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Some species of the genus Brachyspira such as Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira intermedia and Brachyspira alvinipulli are pathogenic species capable of producing disease in laying hens. In our country, the presence of B. pilosicoli and other species of Brachyspira has been reported in pigs and dogs but there is no record of their presence in poultry. Fecal and cecal content samples from 34 laying hens of 4, 12 and 24 months of age from two farms were analyzed by isolation, biochemical tests and PCR. B. pilosicoli and Brachyspira spp. were identified in samples taken from laying hens of 12 and 24 months of age., (Copyright © 2016 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease common in livestock, caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the dog being the principal definitive host. The province of Jujuy is an endemic area located in the Northwest of Argentina. Due to the restricted ecological conditions of Quebrada and Puna, the most important activity of the population is formal cattle pastoralism and transhumance, especially of sheep and camelids. The dog acquires the double function of company and shepherd in these communities. The objective of the present study was to conduct a diagnosis of the situation in areas of La Quebrada and Puna where the circulation of E. granulosus is suspected. Five hundred and twenty three (523) samples of canine fecal material scattered in the environment were collected from 2002 to 2012. Prevalence varied from 2% in Susques to 27.7% in Humahuaca, the largest in the province. In Tumbaya, prevalence was 21% in the year 2007, reaching 0% in the year 2010 but increasing again to 10.5% in the year 2011. These results may be related to health education on preventive measures and mass deworming held prior to sample taking in the year 2010. A prevalence between 19.4% and 2% was observed in the rest of the regions studied, suggesting that a lack of strategies for echinococcosis control has allowed the spread of the disease., (Copyright © 2014 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)