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Strain ML311-T8 T was isolated from a glacial retreat area in Svalbard, Norway, and was taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. Upon phylogenetic analysis, strain ML311-T8 T was clustered with Paenibacillus arcticus MME2_ R6 T and P. contaminans CKOBP-6 T with 98.3-98.6 and 93.5-93.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain ML311-T8 T and P. arcticus MME2_R6 T was 19.9%. The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.1 mol%. The isolated strain was Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped, and grew in 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl, at 4-23°C and pH 6.0-10.0, with optimal growth in 0% (w/v) NaCl, at 20°C and pH 7.0-8.0. The predominant respiratory quinone of strain ML311-T8 T was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C 15:0 and C 16:0 . The polar lipids of strain ML311-T8 T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified amino lipids, and three unidentified lipids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the strain ML311-T8 T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus psychroresistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ML311-T8 T (= KCCM 43190 T = JCM 31243 T ).

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MME2_R6 T , was isolated from Arctic soil, and it was identified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This strain was psychrotolerant, growing at 4‒24 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MME2_R6 T was closest to Paenibacillus swuensis DY6 T , with 93.9 % similarity. However, in phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MME2_R6 T showed that it clustered with Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6 T and the sequencing similarity between the two species was 93.7 %. Its major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, like other Paenibacillus species. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 44.2 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, a novel species, Paenibacillus arcticus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is MME2_R6 T (=JCM 30981 T =PAMC 28731 T ).

A denitrifying bacterium, Paracoccus marcusii PAMC 22219, was isolated from Arctic marine sediment in Svalbard, Norway. The obtained contigs were 265 with genome size of 4.0Mb and G+C content of 66.1%. This bacterial genome revealed that it had nitrate and nitrite ammonification genes involved in the denitrification process, suggesting that P. marcusii PAMC 22219 is a denitrifying bacterium. This is the first genome that has been sequenced in the genus Paracoccus, isolated from an Arctic environment., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)